Long-Term Cognitive Safety of Achieving Very Low LDL Cholesterol with Evolocumab.

Background: Concerns persist regarding the cognitive safety of achieving very low levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Although short-term studies are reassuring, the long-term cognitive effects of sustained exposure to very low LDL cholesterol levels through combined proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibition and statin therapy remain unknown.

Methods: This prospective study enrolled a subset of adults with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease who had completed a neurocognitive substudy (EBBINGHAUS) of a placebo-controlled randomized trial of evolocumab (FOURIER) and were eligible for a long-term open-label extension.

Evaluating the impact of dose monitoring software alerts on radiation dose reduction in computed tomography: A systematic review.

Introduction: Radiation Dose Monitoring Software (DMS) tools have been developed to monitor doses and alert computed tomography (CT) users of high radiation exposure. However, the causal factors for alerts and the impact of DMS in dose optimisation are poorly understood.

Aim: This review aims to identify high-dose CT examinations triggering alerts and their determinants, and to assess if the alerts from DMS help to reduce CT dose levels.

Differentiating reactive chlorine species for micropollutant abatement in chloride containing water by electrochemical oxidation process.

Electrochemical oxidation process (EOP) is promising for micropollutant degradation in water treatment, where chloride ions (Cl) are inevitable in aqueous systems, leading to the EOP/Cl system. The oxidation of Cl at anodes generates reactive chlorine species (RCS), including heterogeneous chlorine species (Cl), homogeneous free available chlorine (FAC), chlorine dioxide (ClO), and chlorine radicals (CRs). This study developed a method to differentiate various RCS responsible for the removal of carbamazepine in EOP/Cl using the RuO/IrO-Ti anode.

Periorbital Microcystic Adnexal Carcinoma With Distant Metastases.

Purpose: Microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) is a locally aggressive adnexal carcinoma of the head and neck, which has a high tendency for recurrence. MAC rarely has distant metastasis, with only one previously reported case originating from the periorbital region. We present a patient with periorbital MAC with distant metastasis and a review of all reported patients with metastatic disease.

Direct covalent attachment of fluorescent molecules on plasma polymerized nanoparticles: a simplified approach for biomedical applications.

Polymeric nanoparticles surface functionalised with fluorescent molecules hold significant potential for advancing diagnostics and therapeutic delivery. Despite their promise, challenges persist in achieving robust attachment of fluorescent molecules for real-time tracking. Weak physical adsorption, pH-dependent electrostatic capture, and hydrophobic interactions often fail to achieve stable attachment of fluorescent markers.

Gross anatomical features of the insular cortex in affective disorders.

Introduction: The number of insular gyri is elevated in patients with schizophrenia. Thus, it has potential as a marker of early neurodevelopmental abnormalities. However, currently it remains unclear whether patients with other neuropsychiatric disorders, such as affective disorders, also have this gross brain anatomical feature.

Influence of renal function on blood pressure control and outcome in thrombolyzed patients after acute ischemic stroke: analysis of the ENCHANTED trial.

Background: The effect of renal impairment in patients who receive intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is unclear. We aimed to determine the associations of renal impairment and clinical outcomes and any modification of the effect of intensive versus guideline-recommended blood pressure (BP) control in the BP arm of the International Enhanced Control of Hypertension and Thrombolysis Stroke Study (ENCHANTED).

Methods: We conducted a analysis of the ENCHANTED BP arm, which involved 2,196 thrombolyzed AIS patients.

Exploring Adolescents' Understanding, Experiences and Beliefs About Pain: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Pain is prevalent across the lifespan and contributes to significant societal and economic burdens. The public often holds misconceptions about pain and pain management. Despite this, there are no well-resourced public health initiatives delivering information about pain and pain management to the public.

Widespread occurrence of benzimidazole resistance single nucleotide polymorphisms in the canine hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum, in Australia.

Canine hookworm (Ancylostoma caninum), a gastrointestinal nematode of domestic dogs, principally infects the small intestine of dogs and has the potential to cause zoonotic disease. In greyhounds and pet dogs in the USA, A. caninum has been shown to be resistant to multiple anthelmintics.

Access to Pediatric Bed Capacity According to Social Determinants of Health: All Beds Are Not Created Equal.

Objective: To study pediatric inpatient hospital capacity and resources, characterizing differences according to social determinants of health (SDoH) using market share techniques.

Study Design: This cross-sectional study uses non-elective inpatient discharges (≥1 month to ≤19 years) from Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project and American Hospital Association surveys to derive hospital capacity and resources/capability. We include US hospitals with ≥1 pediatric bed and ≥1 pediatric discharge and calculate per bed capital, expenditure, and staffing, transfer rates, payer-mix, and adjusted central line-associated blood stream infection (CLABSI) rate.

Vaccination strategies to identify and reach zero-dose and under-immunized children in crisis-affected states in Sudan: a qualitative study.

Background: Globally, 21 million children were un- or under-vaccinated with Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis (DTP)-containing vaccines in 2023. Around 20% of zero-dose children, those who had not received any DTP doses, live in conflict-affected settings in low and middle-income countries. There is insufficient evidence on vaccination interventions to identify and reach zero-dose children in these settings.

Childhood and Adulthood Predictors of Community Participation by Autistic Adults With and Without Intellectual Disability.

Background: Few studies have explored community participation for autistic adults, with or without intellectual disability. This study aims to investigate how autistic adults participate in the community, and the childhood and adulthood factors that predict community participation in adulthood.

Method: Eighty-four autistic adults (mean age 34 years; 67% with co-occurring intellectual disability) initially recruited as children and adolescents, participated in the current study.

Clinical correlations of serum anti-dsDNA immunoglobulin subfamilies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an extremely heterogenous autoimmune disorder. A key biomarker, the double stranded (ds) DNA autoantibody, provides diagnostic specificity for SLE. We analyzed anti-dsDNA by mass spectrometry (MS) to determine if ascertaining the autoantibody's heavy chain variable region (IGHV) may hold any clinical relevance.

Identifying and counteracting fraudulent responses in online recruitment for health research: a scoping review.

Objectives: This study aimed to describe how health researchers identify and counteract fraudulent responses when recruiting participants online.

Design: Scoping review.

Eligibility Criteria: Peer-reviewed studies published in English; studies that report on the online recruitment of participants for health research; and studies that specifically describe methodologies or strategies to detect and address fraudulent responses during the online recruitment of research participants.

The effect of job loss on risky financial decision-making.

Job loss is a common and disruptive life event. It is known to have numerous long-term negative effects on financial, health, and social outcomes. While the negative effects of becoming unemployed on health and well-being are well understood, the influence of job loss on financial decisions has received little attention.

Hypoglycaemia following physical exercise in a patient with novel SLC16A1 variant.

Rare defects in the promoter region of SLC16A1, the gene encoding monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT-1), result in exercise-induced hyperinsulinism. In this disorder inappropriate insulin secretion is triggered by anaerobic exercise with consequent hypoglycaemia. We describe the case of a 41 year old man presenting with a generalised tonic clonic seizure and severe hypoglycaemia following strenuous exercise.

Extracting interpretable signatures of whole-brain dynamics through systematic comparison.

The brain's complex distributed dynamics are typically quantified using a limited set of manually selected statistical properties, leaving the possibility that alternative dynamical properties may outperform those reported for a given application. Here, we address this limitation by systematically comparing diverse, interpretable features of both intra-regional activity and inter-regional functional coupling from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data, demonstrating our method using case-control comparisons of four neuropsychiatric disorders. Our findings generally support the use of linear time-series analysis techniques for rs-fMRI case-control analyses, while also identifying new ways to quantify informative dynamical fMRI structures.

Making Video Games More Inclusive for People Living With Motor Neuron Disease: Scoping Review.

Background: Evidence suggests that individuals with motor neuron disease (MND), a terminal illness, find enjoyment and social connection through video games. However, MND-related barriers can make gaming challenging, exacerbating feelings of boredom, stress, isolation, and loss of control over daily life.

Objective: We scoped the evidence to describe relevant research and practice regarding what may help reduce difficulties for people with MND when playing video games.

Influence of age and sex on the diagnostic yield of inherited cardiac conditions in sudden arrhythmic death syndrome decedents.

Aims: Sudden arrhythmic death syndrome (SADS) refers to a sudden death, which remains unexplained despite comprehensive post-mortem examination and a toxicological screen. We aimed to investigate the impact of age and sex on the overall diagnostic yield and underlying aetiology in decedents with SADS using a combined approach of familial evaluation (FE) and molecular autopsy (MA).

Methods And Results: Consecutive referrals to a single centre for FE only, MA only or both, following a SADS death were included.