Formation of alginate gel stabilized silica nanoparticles for encapsulation and topical delivery of minoxidil.

Silica nanoparticles-embedded smart-gels are efficient drug carrier systems due to their structural flexibility, high porosity, and ease of formulation development. Herein, the extent of interaction of minoxidil (MXD), a potent vasodilator prodrug, with silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) and alginate (ALG) was investigated. The SiNPs were prepared by extracting silica from rice husk ash, and these SiNPs were further used to prepare MXD-loaded-SiNPs (MXD-SiNPs) by loading them with an appropriate amount of MXD.

Optimizing Tomato () Yield Under Salt Stress: The Physiological and Biochemical Effects of Foliar Thiourea Application.

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the role of thiourea exogenous application (0 mg/L and 100 mg/L) on the morphological, physiological, and yield traits of two varieties of tomato (Naqeeb and Nadir) under different salt stress treatments (0, 60, and 120 mM) in completely randomized design (CRD). The imposition of salinity by rooting medium showed that salt stress reduced plant height by 20%, fresh shoot weight by 50%, dry shoot weight by 78%, fresh root weight by 43%, dry root weight by 84%, root length by 34%, shoot length by 32%, shoot K by 47%, Ca by 70%, chlorophyll a by 30%, chlorophyll b by 67%, and the number of seeds per berry by 53%, while shoot Na ions were increased by 90% in comparison to those grown with control treatment. However, the exogenous application of thiourea significantly enhanced dry root weight by 25% and the number of seeds per berry by 20% in comparison to untreated plants with thiourea when grown under salt stress.

Salicylalazine: A novel therapeutic agent targeting TLR4/NLRP3/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in rheumatoid arthritis.

Background: Joint pain and functional impairment are hallmarks of arthritis, a painful inflammatory disease. Salicylalazine (SAZ), an anti-inflammatory compound, has demonstrated promise in modulating inflammation, thereby being selected in the current study to unveil its anti-arthritic potential.

Objectives: The aim behind this study was to assess the anti-arthritic properties of salicylalazine via evaluating its impact on paw volume, arthritic scores, oxidative stress indicators, and significant inflammatory mediators.

Development and in vitro tuning of empagliflozin-containing dissolvable microneedle patch for enhanced transdermal delivery.

This painless method allows drugs to penetrate the outer skin layer, offering several advantages over alternative administration routes, including ease of use and the ability to bypass enterohepatic circulation. Among transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), microneedle patches (MNPs) are emerging as an innovative approach for minimally invasive drug delivery, enhancing the skin permeation of substances ranging from macro to micro sizes. This study explores dissolvable microneedle patches (dMNPs) as a novel method to improve the systemic delivery of empagliflozin, an SGLT-2 inhibitor, commonly used to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Lead-free perovskite solar cell based on methyl ammonium tin iodide: Possible power conversion efficiency enhancement by device simulation.

Although solar cells have the potential to create an endless amount of electrical power, their comparatively low power conversion efficiency draws the curiosity of both academics and industry. The primary goal of this research is to examine the performance of lead-free perovskite solar cells that use methyl ammonium tin iodide (CHNHSnI) as the active material. The SCAPS-1D programme is employed for the simulation and analysis of the solar cells.

The vascular effects of peppermint ( L) on aorta in a mouse model: an and computational study.

The present study examined the vascular effects of peppermint or mint () using an abdominal aortic rings model. Concentration-response curves for mint oil were generated after precontracting isolated mouse aorta with phenylephrine. The effect of different receptor antagonists and ion channel or enzyme inhibitors on the vasorelaxant potential of mint oil were studied.

A novel algorithmic multi-attribute decision-making framework for the evaluation of energy systems using rough approximations of hypersoft sets.

Selecting the best power source that is legal, affordable, environmentally friendly, and able to ensure long-term viability is a difficult but vital task. Existing frameworks based on traditional fuzzy and soft sets are unable to adequately capture the complexity of the optimal energy system selection (ESS). These decision models may also be complex, especially when rough data and integrity need to be taken into account.

Level up your coding: a systematic review of personalized, cognitive, and gamified learning in programming education.

Programming courses in computer science play a crucial role as they often serve as students' initial exposure to computer programming. Many university students find introductory courses overwhelming due to the vast amount of information they need to grasp. The traditional teacher-lecturer model used in university lecture halls frequently leads to low motivation and student participation.

Emerging therapeutic frontiers in prostate health: Novel molecular targets and classical pathways in comparison with BPH and prostate cancer.

Current therapeutic strategies for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer focus mainly on androgen receptors (AR) and 5-alpha reductase inhibition to suppress androgen-driven prostate growth. However, these methods often result in side effects and resistance. Recent research identifies novel targets like integrin and cadherin inhibitors, gene regulation, microRNAs, cellular senescence, and metabolomics pathways to overcome these limitations.

First molecular report of Moniezia expansa in small ruminants of Pakistan with epidemiological insight.

The members of genus Moniezia are the common parasites of livestock in tropical areas. The tapeworm, Moniezia expansa is commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of the small and large ruminants. The present study focused on reporting the prevalence of M.

Using deep learning and word embeddings for predicting human agreeableness behavior.

The latest advancements of deep learning have resulted in a new era of natural language processing. The machines now possess an unparallel ability to interpret and engage with various tasks such as text classification, content generation and natural language understanding. This development extended to the analysis of human behavior, where deep learning models are used to decode human personality.

Gastro retentive floating drug delivery system of levofloxacin based on Aloe vera hydrogel: In vitro and in vivo assays.

Gastro retentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS) have gained immense popularity as they reduce dosing frequency, improve bioavailability, and enhance patient compliance. Herein, a plant-based, controlled swelling, and pH-sensitive GRDDS based on Aloe vera hydrogel and cellulose was developed for the sustained release of levofloxacin (LEVO). The properties of five various floating tablet formulations including dynamic swelling, pH-responsiveness, hardness, friability, drug release, and buoyant time were evaluated.

Investigating the triple-frequency ultrasound-assisted fermented rice lees: Impact on physicochemical, structural, morphological, and metabolic properties.

This study examined the effect of triple-frequency ultrasound treatment (TFUT)-assisted lactic acid bacteria (LAB-L. plantarum and L. helveticus fermentation for 24-h and 48-h) on the chemical, structural, morphological, metabolic, and sensory properties of rice lees (RL).

Eucalyptus camaldulensis for combating the Multi Drug Resistance Bacterial Strains (MDRS).

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is the primary challenge for health worldwide. The widespread of food poisoning due to use of stored food items increasing day by day. The present study was designed to research the protective effect of Eucalyptus camaldulensis methanolic extract again selected strains of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus).

Lipid-Based Nanoformulations for Drug Delivery: An Ongoing Perspective.

Oils and lipids help make water-insoluble drugs soluble by dispersing them in an aqueous medium with the help of a surfactant and enabling their absorption across the gut barrier. The emergence of microemulsions (thermodynamically stable), nanoemulsions (kinetically stable), and self-emulsifying drug delivery systems added unique characteristics that make them suitable for prolonged storage and controlled release. In the 1990s, solid-phase lipids were introduced to reduce drug leakage from nanoparticles and prolong drug release.

Innovative multi-layered FeO-Gr/carbon/polypyrrole nanofiber composite: "a new frontier in dielectric enhancement and EMI shielding".

This study presents the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of an FeO-Gr/carbon/polypyrrole nanofiber composite, highlighting its morphology as determined through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis, which reveals the small rod-like shape of the nano-fibers with an average diameter of 68 nm calculated from Image J software, contributing to a high surface area. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms the effective formation of FeO-Gr nanofibers, graphene, carbon, and polypyrrole (PPy), showcasing distinct crystallographic phases that strengthen the material's magnetic and conductive properties. The impedance plane plot indicates two relaxation processes at low and high-frequency regions from low to high-temperature ranges of 273 K to 363 K, reflecting complex electroactive charge transport dynamics within the nanofiber composite.

The therapeutic potential of Ribes orientale in hypertension: Improving electrolyte balance, enhancing antioxidant activity, and modulating the muscarinic pathway.

Cardiovascular diseases like hypertension require diuretics, but their effectiveness and side effects limit their use. Alternatives like Ribes orientale extract are being investigated for potential diuretic. In acute diuretic action, the extract and fractions of Ribes orientale were investigated in saline-loaded rats at doses of 12.

Exploration of underutilized chayote fractions following drying and extraction.

Valorizing neglected crop byproducts through eco-friendly techniques has gained attention as underutilized crops offer new sources of bioactive components. This study examined the chemical composition, phytochemicals, and antioxidant activities in six fractions of the underutilized chayote (Sechium edule). Each fraction was microwave-dried and extracted with ultrasound assistance.

Bismuth sensitized iron oxide on exfoliated graphene oxide (Bi-FeO@GO) for oxygen evaluation reaction.

Electrochemical water splitting is a promising approach towards a sustainable and renewable energy source. However, the demand for high anodic potential and sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) restrict the efficiency and feasibility of the water-splitting process. In this quest, transition metal oxides and alloys are considered potential candidates owing to their natural occurrence and high redox potential for OER.

Psychological dynamics of overqualification: career anxiety and decision commitment in STEM.

Women's career progression and empowerment in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) sectors are critical to attaining SDG 5: Gender Equality because they promote equal access to education, job prospects, and leadership roles, building a more inclusive and equitable society. The purpose of this study is to look into the impact of perceived overqualification (POQ) on career anxiety and career decidedness (CD) among women in STEM disciplines while also considering the function of career identity (CI) and leadership support. With a total sample size of 1,045 participants, two distinct investigations were conducted, one in the educational field (N = 530) and one in an industry setting (N = 515 time-lag).

Microwave-assisted, sulfhydryl-modified β-cyclodextrin-silymarin inclusion complex: A diverse approach to improve oral drug bioavailability via enhanced mucoadhesion and permeation.

The current study aimed to generate a sulfhydryl-modified β-cyclodextrin-silymarin complex (sulfhydryl-modified β-CD-SMN complex) and to evaluate the enchantment in solubility, permeability, and bioavailability of a model BCS Class IV drug silymarin (SMN). For this purpose, sulfhydryl-modified β-CD was synthesized by replacing all primary and secondary -OH groups at the β-CD backbone with sulfhydryl groups via a novel microwave-assisted technique. Afterward, sulfhydryl-modified β-CD was complexed with silymarin and characterized by FTIR and H NMR spectroscopy.