Using nominal group technique to identify perceived barriers and facilitators to improving uptake of the Prison Needle Exchange Program in Canadian federal prisons by correctional officers and healthcare workers.

Background: Elimination of bloodborne viruses including HIV and hepatitis C virus from prisons requires high coverage of evidence-based interventions that prevent bloodborne virus transmission, including needle and syringe programs. Canada launched a Prison Needle Exchange Program (PNEP) in nine federal prisons in 2018; however, uptake among people who inject drugs in prison remains low. We aimed to explore barriers and facilitators to improving PNEP uptake identified by correctional officers and healthcare workers.

Diabetes-specific formula with standard of care improves glycemic control, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes: results from a randomized controlled trial.

Background And Aims: Medical nutrition therapy is important for diabetes management. This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of a diabetes-specific formula (DSF) on glycemic control and cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: Participants ( = 235) were randomized to either DSF with standard of care (SOC) (DSF group;  = 117) or SOC only (control group;  = 118).

Team Science Approaches to Unravel Monogenic Parkinson's Disease on a Global Scale.

Background: Until recently, about three-quarters of all monogenic Parkinson's disease (PD) studies were performed in European/White ancestry, thereby severely limiting our insights into genotype-phenotype relationships at a global scale.

Objective: To identify the multi-ancestry spectrum of monogenic PD.

Methods: The first systematic approach to embrace monogenic PD worldwide, The Michael J.

Exploring the thermoluminescence characteristics of smartphone screen safety glasses for retrospective dosimetry applications.

In clinical settings, standard dosimeters might miss radiation mishaps. Retrospective dosimeters could help to track personnel (such as patients and other staff who don't wear dosimeters) exceeding safe limits and assess long-term exposure trends. This study has investigated key thermoluminescence (TL) dosimetric characteristics, including the glow curve structure, dose-response, energy dependence, sensitivity and fading of various safety glasses that are used as screen protectors of smartphones subjected to photon irradiation.

Removal of hydrocarbon pollutants from refinery wastewater using N-hexadecylchitosan as an efficient adsorptive platform.

The negative impact of refinery wastewater is of great concern to the aquatic, terrestrial, and aerial environment. In this study, N-hexadecylchitosan (NHDC) was successfully synthesized to deal with low mechanical strength, poor adsorption capacity, and limited selectivity of native chitosan. The NHDC was characterized by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD) to study its composition, morphology, and structural attributes.

Views of healthcare professionals regarding barriers and facilitators for a Fracture Liaison Service in Malaysia.

This study aimed to explore the views of healthcare professionals regarding the barriers and facilitators for a Fracture Liaison Service (FLS) in Malaysia. The qualitative study was conducted from February to December 2021 at a tertiary hospital in Malaysia. Doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and policymakers were recruited via purposive sampling.

Artificial intelligence for diabetes care: current and future prospects.

Artificial intelligence (AI) use in diabetes care is increasingly being explored to personalise care for people with diabetes and adapt treatments for complex presentations. However, the rapid advancement of AI also introduces challenges such as potential biases, ethical considerations, and implementation challenges in ensuring that its deployment is equitable. Ensuring inclusive and ethical developments of AI technology can empower both health-care providers and people with diabetes in managing the condition.

Early protein delivery in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: analysis of a multicenter cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Background: There is controversy over the optimal early protein delivery in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). This study aims to evaluate whether the association between early protein delivery and 28-day mortality was impacted by the presence of AKI in critically ill patients.

Methods: This is a analysis of data from a multicenter cluster-randomised controlled trial enrolling newly admitted critically ill patients (n = 2772).

The effect of nalbuphine on prevention of emergence delirium in children: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background: Emergence delirium remains a major postoperative concern for children undergoing surgery. Nalbuphine is a synthetic mixed agonist-antagonist opioid, which is believed to reduce the incidence of emergence delirium in children. The primary objective was to examine the effect of nalbuphine on emergence delirium in children undergoing surgery.

Bio-inspired magnetic chitosan/Iron oxide macromolecules for multiple anionic dyes adsorption from aqueous media.

Organic anionic dyes are major water pollutants due to their low degradability caused by complex aromatic structures. Not only do they exert toxic, mutagenic, teratogenic, tumorigenic, and genotoxic effects, but they also decrease fertility and cause irritation to the skin and respiratory system in humans. This long-term toxicity has detrimental effects on aquatic organisms and their surroundings, resulting in an imbalanced ecosystem.

A multi-center cross-sectional comparison of parent-reported quality of life and bowel function between anorectal malformation and Hirschsprung's disease patients with versus those without Down syndrome.

Purpose: Down syndrome (DS) is a common abnormality associated with anorectal malformation (ARM) and Hirschsprung's disease (HD). However, quality of life (QOL) in ARM and HD patients with DS is under-researched. This study compares parent-reported QOL and bowel function in ARM and HD patients with DS to those without.

Kinetic investigation on the catalytic pyrolysis of plastic fractions of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE): A mathematical deconvolution approach.

Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) has become a critical environmental problem. Catalytic pyrolysis is an ideal technique to treat and convert the plastic fraction of WEEE into chemicals and fuels. Unfortunately, research using real WEEE remains relatively limited.

Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth suppresses glycation-induced inflammatory response in human retinal pigment epithelial cell line ARPE-19 via JAK-STAT3 signaling.

The formation of advanced glycation end product (AGE) is a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy. Since the current treatment for diabetic retinopathy is accompanied by side effects, preliminary findings have suggested Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth as a potential alternative therapeutic option for diabetic retinopathy.

Current Pediatric Endoscopy Training Situation in the Asia-Pacific Region: A Collaborative Survey by the Asian Pan-Pacific Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Endoscopy Scientific Subcommittee.

Purpose: To date, there is no region-specific guideline for pediatric endoscopy training. This study aimed to illustrate the current status of pediatric endoscopy training in Asia-Pacific region and identify opportunities for improvement.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey, using a standardized electronic questionnaire, was conducted among medical schools in the Asia-Pacific region in January 2024.

High rates of deferring antiretroviral treatment for patients with HIV and substance use disorders: Results from a national sample of HIV physicians in Ukraine.

Background: HIV incidence and mortality are increasing in Ukraine despite their reductions globally, in part due to suboptimal antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage in key populations of people with HIV (PWH) where the epidemic is concentrated. As physicians are gatekeepers to ART prescription, stigma and discrimination barriers are understudied as a key to meeting HIV treatment targets in key populations.

Methods: A national sample (N = 204) of ART-prescribing physicians in Ukraine were surveyed between August and November 2019.

Primary caregiver burden and undiagnosed mental health illness in out-patients with inflammatory bowel disease-A multicentric prospective survey from the IBD Emerging Nations' Consortium.

Background: Mental health is an overlooked aspect of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patient care with limited data from the developing world. The primary caregiver burden is expected to be high, but has not been evaluated.

Methods: We conducted a questionnaire-based survey of consecutive out-patients with no diagnosed mental health illness (n = 289) and their primary caregivers (n = 247) from 10 centers across eight countries (Bangladesh, India, Iran, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand) of IBD-Emerging Nations' Consortium (ENC).

Plant bioactive compounds driven microRNAs (miRNAs): A potential source and novel strategy targeting gene and cancer therapeutics.

Irrespective of medical technology improvements, cancer ranks among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Although numerous cures and treatments exist, creating alternative cancer therapies with fewer adverse side effects is vital. Since ancient times, plant bioactive compounds have already been used as a remedy to heal cancer.

The impact of stigma on quality of life and liver disease burden among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background & Aims: Patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) face a multifaceted disease burden which includes impaired health-related quality of life (HRQL) and potential stigmatization. We aimed to assess the burden of liver disease in patients with NAFLD and the relationship between experience of stigma and HRQL.

Methods: Members of the Global NASH Council created a survey about disease burden in NAFLD.

Targeting sine oculis homeoprotein 1 (SIX1): A review of oncogenic roles and potential natural product therapeutics.

Sine oculis homeoprotein 1 (SIX1), a prominent representative of the homeodomain transcription factors within the SIX family, has attracted significant interest owing to its role in tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and prognostic assessments. Initially recognized for its pivotal role in embryonic development, SIX1 has emerged as a resurgent factor across a diverse set of mammalian cancers. Over the past two decades, numerous investigations have emphasized SIX1's dual significance as a developmental regulator and central player in oncogenic processes.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Lifestyle and Reproductive Factors Associated with Risk of Breast Cancer in Asian Women.

Background: Assessing breast cancer risks from lifestyle and reproductive factors is critical for developing population-specific risk prediction tools. However, limited studies have evaluated these risks in recent Asian birth cohorts.

Methods: We systematically reviewed articles published from January 2010 to December 2023, examining breast cancer risk factors in Asian women.