Highly Efficient and Stable CsPbI Perovskite Quantum Dots Light-Emitting Diodes Through Synergistic Effect of Halide-Rich Modulation and Lattice Repair.

Currently, CsPbI quantum dots (QDs) based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are not well suited for achieving high efficiency and operational stability due to the binary-precursor method and purification process, which often results in the nonstoichiometric ratio of Cs/Pb/I. This imbalance leads to amounts of iodine vacancies, inducing severe non-radiative recombination processes and phase transitions of QDs. Herein, red-emitting CsPbI QDs are reported with excellent optoelectronic properties and stability based on the synergistic effects of halide-rich modulation passivation and lattice repair.

Humanizing processes after harm part 1: patient safety incident investigations, litigation and the experiences of those affected.

Background: There is a growing international policy focus on involving those affected by healthcare safety incidents, in subsequent investigations. Nonetheless, there remains little UK-based evidence exploring how this relates to the experiences of those affected over time, including the factors influencing decisions to litigate.

Aims: We aimed to explore the experiences of patients, families, staff and legal representatives affected by safety incidents over time, and the factors influencing decisions to litigate.

A new method for concomitant evaluation of drug combinations for their antimicrobial properties.

Microbial pathogens have developed resistance mechanisms to almost every antibiotic available. There is a need to synthesize or screen new natural compounds to combat the development of drug-resistant pathogens. One of the commonly used methods to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of two or more antibiotics involves a checkerboard assay, which is cumbersome, time-consuming, and expensive.

De novo and inherited dominant variants in U4 and U6 snRNAs cause retinitis pigmentosa.

The U4 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) forms a duplex with the U6 snRNA and, together with U5 and ~30 proteins, is part of the U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP complex, located at the core of the major spliceosome. Recently, recurrent variants in the U4 RNA, transcribed from the gene, and in at least two other genes were discovered to cause neurodevelopmental disorder.

Biological sensing of fluid flow-lessons from PIEZO1.

The flow sensing endothelial cell lining of blood and lymphatic vessels is essential in vertebrates. While the mechanisms are still mysterious in many regards, several critical components became apparent through molecular biology studies. In this article, we focus on PIEZO1, which forms unusual force-sensing ion channels capable of rapid transduction of force into biological effect.

Memory engram synapse 3D molecular architecture visualized by cryoCLEM-guided cryoET.

Memory is incorporated into the brain as physicochemical changes to engram cells. These are neuronal populations that form complex neuroanatomical circuits, are modified by experiences to store information, and allow for memory recall. At the molecular level, learning modifies synaptic communication to rewire engram circuits, a mechanism known as synaptic plasticity.

Effects of Mixed Metal Oxide Catalysts on the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Epoxides under Atmospheric CO Pressure.

One use of CO as a starting material in organic transformations is in the synthesis of cyclic carbonates and polycarbonates. Due to the low reactivity of CO, this transformation must be carried out in the presence of an efficient catalyst. Although several catalytic systems have been developed in the past decade, reducing the CO pressure at which the reaction is carried out remains one of the main challenges of the process.

Variation in the commissioning of specialist weight management services and bariatric surgery across England: Results of a freedom of information-based mapping exercise across the 42 integrated Care Systems of England.

Specialist weight management services including bariatric surgery are commissioned within regions of England called Integrated Care Systems (ICSs) with eligibility and treatment guidelines determined as part of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance. Reported variation in commissioning and bariatric surgery eligibility criteria has not been previously mapped. Freedom of Information (FOI) requests provide a tool, supported by legislation, to ask questions of public authorities including ICSs such that they must respond accurately.

An interdisciplinary approach to improving conservation outcomes for parasites.

Parasites represent a significant proportion of Earth's biodiversity and play important roles in the ecology and biology of ecosystems and hosts, making them an important target for conservation. Despite increasing calls to prioritize protection for parasites in the academic literature, they remain undervalued and underrepresented in global biodiversity conservation efforts, not least due to the perception that the interests of parasite and host conservation are opposing and the common misconception that parasites are a threat, rather than a benefit, to conservation. We considered whether taking an interdisciplinary approach to parasite conservation research will generate novel insights and solutions concerning why and how parasite conservation should be practiced for the benefit of parasites, their hosts, ecosystems, and people.

Navigating the Boundaries of Health and Identity: Medical Students' Perspectives.

Background: Medical professionals do not always manage their own health in an optimal way. Research conducted on medical students' response to illness is limited; however, some studies suggest they choose to self-manage and seek advice outside of the traditional pathways of care. This study aims to understand how medical students perceive and manage their health as they transition through medical school.

Recombinant expression systems for production of stabilised virus-like particles as next-generation polio vaccines.

Polioviruses have caused crippling disease in humans for centuries, prior to the successful development of vaccines in the mid-1900's, which dramatically reduced disease prevalence. Continued use of these vaccines, however, threatens ultimate disease eradication and achievement of a polio-free world. Virus-like particles (VLPs) that lack a viral genome represent a safer potential vaccine, although they require particle stabilization.

Multidimensional fatigue and its impact on work productivity, mood and quality of life in long-term survivors following definitive intensity-modulated radiotherapy for oropharyngeal cancer: A cross-sectional study.

Purpose: Radiotherapy (RT) for oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) can lead to late toxicity. Fatigue is a known debilitating issue for many cancer survivors, yet prevalence and severity of long-term fatigue in patients treated for OPC is unknown.

Method: As part of a mixed-methods study, fatigue in OPC patients ≥ 2 years post RT + / - chemotherapy was evaluated.

Supervised toothbrushing programmes in England: a national survey of current provision and factors influencing their implementation.

Introduction Supervised toothbrushing programmes (STPs) in nurseries and schools are effective at reducing inequalities in caries when targeted to areas of dental disease. Recent changes to government education and health policy have increased interest in STPs in England. This study aimed to establish the current level of provision of STPs in England, describe changes over time, understand associations with predictor variables, and summarise key barriers and facilitators to their implementation.

The role of MEGF10 in myoblast fusion and hypertrophic response to overload of skeletal muscle.

Biallelic mutations in multiple EGF domain protein 10 (MEGF10) gene cause EMARDD (early myopathy, areflexia, respiratory distress and dysphagia) in humans, a severe recessive myopathy, associated with reduced numbers of PAX7 positive satellite cells. To better understand the role of MEGF10 in satellite cells, we overexpressed human MEGF10 in mouse H-2k-tsA58 myoblasts and found that it inhibited fusion. Addition of purified extracellular domains of human MEGF10, with (ECD) or without (EGF) the N-terminal EMI domain to H-2k-tsA58 myoblasts, showed that the ECD was more effective at reducing myoblast adhesion and fusion by day 7 of differentiation, yet promoted adhesion of myoblasts to non-adhesive surfaces, highlighting the importance of the EMI domain in these behaviours.

Identifying people at risk of rheumatoid arthritis in primary care: qualitative study.

Background: Identification of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in primary care is challenging and often delayed. Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibody testing of people presenting to primary care with new-onset musculoskeletal symptoms without synovitis could help address this; those testing positive are at increased risk of developing RA.

Aim: To explore how primary care clinicians currently identify and refer patients with suspected RA, and the behaviours required to implement a prediction model for guiding targeted anti-CCP testing for non-specific musculoskeletal symptoms in primary care.

Eradication Therapy to Prevent Gastric Cancer in H. pylori-positive individuals: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational Studies.

Background & Aims: Screening for, and treating, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in the general population or patients with early gastric neoplasia could reduce incidence of, and mortality from, gastric cancer. We updated a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining this issue.

Appetite and childhood malnutrition: A narrative review identifying evidence gaps between clinical practice and research.

Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) is a critical global health issue, contributing to approximately one-half of all child mortality worldwide. SAM management guidelines recommend the use of appetite assessment determined by an "appetite test" to distinguish between complicated and uncomplicated SAM, subsequently guiding clinical decisions regarding outpatient versus inpatient care and discharge from hospital. Despite the widespread utilization of this recommendation, its validity lacks substantial evidence within the existing literature.

Preservation of organic carbon in marine sediments sustained by sorption and transformation processes.

Controls on organic carbon preservation in marine sediments remain controversial but crucial for understanding past and future climate dynamics. Here we develop a conceptual-mathematical model to determine the key processes for the preservation of organic carbon. The model considers the major processes involved in the breakdown of organic carbon, including dissolved organic carbon hydrolysis, mixing, remineralization, mineral sorption and molecular transformation.

Synergistic effect of sarcopenia and ASA status in predicting mortality after emergency laparotomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sarcopenia and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status in predicting post-operative mortality after emergency laparotomy. A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis (using random effects modelling) was performed searching for studies reporting 30-day mortality risk in patients with sarcopenia undergoing emergency laparotomy. The ASA status of sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic patients was determined, and the effect of difference in ASA status on 30-day mortality in sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic patients was determined via a meta-regression model.

Safety and performance of a novel synthetic biomimetic scaffold for iliac crest defect reconstruction during surgical treatment of pelvic girdle pain: a first-in-human trial.

Introduction: Surgical treatment of pelvic girdle pain (PGP) involves arthrodesis of sacroiliac (SI) and pubic symphysis joints. Fusion of pubic symphysis involves the implantation of an autologous iliac crest tricortical graft harvested from the iliac crest. The objective was to assess the safety of a novel synthetic graft substitute (b.

Polar mesospheric ozone loss initiates downward coupling of solar signal in the Northern Hemisphere.

Solar driven energetic particle precipitation (EPP) is an important factor in polar atmospheric ozone balance and has been linked to ground-level regional climate variability. However, the linking mechanism has remained ambiguous. The observed and simulated ground-level changes start well before the processes from the main candidate, the so-called EPP-indirect effect, would start.

Removal of dissolved organic carbon in the West Pacific hadal zones.

The deep oceans are environments of complex carbon dynamics that have the potential to significantly impact the global carbon cycle. However, the role of hadal zones, particularly hadal trenches (water depth > 6 km), in the oceanic dissolved organic carbon (DOC) cycle is not thoroughly investigated. Here we report distinct DOC signatures in the Japan Trench bottom water.

PLA2R autoantibodies, a multifaceted biomarker in nephrotic syndrome and membranous nephropathy.

Background And Hypothesis: The PLA2R antibody test is a valuable first-line diagnostic tool for primary membranous nephropathy (MN), helping to identify PLA2R-related MN and potentially eliminating the need for a kidney biopsy in some individuals. By reducing the reliance on biopsies, the test streamlines diagnosis and improves patient care. However, determining the optimal PLA2R measurement method and cut-off is critical to maximising the benefits of the test and minimising any harms.

Female oviposition decisions are influenced by the microbial environment.

In ovipositing animals, egg placement decisions can be key determinants of offspring survival. One oviposition strategy reported across taxa is laying eggs in clusters. In some species, mothers provision eggs with diffusible defence compounds, such as antimicrobials, raising the possibility of public good benefits arising from egg clustering.