Evidence-based surgical guidelines for treating children with Wilms tumor in low-resource settings.

Background: Survival of Wilms tumor (WT) is > 90% in high-resource settings but < 30% in low-resource settings. Adapting a standardized surgical approach to WT is challenging in low-resource settings, but a local control strategy is crucial to improving outcomes.

Objective: Provide resource-sensitive recommendations for the surgical management of WT.

Disseminated Tuberculosis in a Nigerian Adolescent with Linear IgA Bullous Dermatosis: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD) is an auto-immune disease affecting young children and adults, characterized by the linear deposition of IgA at the basement membrane zone with resultant complement activation and a cascade of immune reactions. There is a loss of adhesion at the dermo-epidermal junction and subsequent blister formation. It is a rare disease that has a good prognosis with adequate therapy.

The Influence of Social Media in Promoting Knowledge Acquisition and Pathology Excellence in Nigeria.

The use of social media has evolved from platforms designed primarily for social connection and news sharing to include vibrant virtual academic environments. These platforms allow pathologists from across the globe to interact, exchange knowledge, and collaborate. Pathology in Nigeria, as in much of Africa, faces severe knowledge and practice gaps, with a lack of supporting modern laboratory infrastructure.

Colorectal cancer screening with fecal immunochemical testing: a community-based, cross-sectional study in average-risk individuals in Nigeria.

Background: The estimated incidence of colorectal cancer is rising in Nigeria, where most patients present with advanced disease. Earlier detection of colorectal cancer is a goal of the Nigerian National Cancer Control Plan, but the utility of fecal-based screening is unclear. This study aimed to assess the fecal immunochemical test as a colorectal cancer screening modality in average-risk individualS in Nigeria.

Appraising Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality in a Developing Country Categorized by Gestational Age Grouping and Implications for Targeted Interventions.

Introduction: Despite the relatively higher neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries, there are limited data on the detailed analysis of the burden in Nigeria. With a database of over 14,000 admissions, this study presents a compelling picture of the current trends disaggregated by their gestational age groups. It provides unique opportunities for better-targeted interventions for further reducing newborn mortality in line with SDG 3, Target 3.

Increasing African genomic data generation and sharing to resolve rare and undiagnosed diseases in Africa: a call-to-action by the H3Africa rare diseases working group.

The rich and diverse genomics of African populations is significantly underrepresented in reference and in disease-associated databases. This renders interpreting the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) data and reaching a diagnostic more difficult in Africa and for the African diaspora. It increases chances for false positives with variants being misclassified as pathogenic due to their novelty or rarity.

Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on blood donations and transfusions in Nigeria - A multi-facility study of 34 tertiary hospitals.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected blood supplies globally. Mobile blood drive campaigns halted, and voluntary blood donations reduced, challenging available blood supplies. Furthermore, fears of virus transmission led to deferrals of elective surgeries and non-urgent clinical procedures with noticeable declines in blood donations and transfusions.

Etiology and Clinical Patterns of Chronic Cough in the Chest Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria.

Purpose: The burdens of chronic cough are mostly reported from Western and Asian countries. We aimed to determine the etiology and clinical patterns of chronic cough (CC) in the chest clinic of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.

Patients And Methods: This survey was a cross-sectional study of 218 patients.

Prevalence, pattern and determinants of contraceptive use among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic (ANC) in a secondary health facility in Kebbi State: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: rapidly rising population in Africa is of great concern, especially in Nigeria because of its impact on social stability. Nigeria has been unable to meet the set targets in respect of scaling up access to contraception, and increasing contraceptive prevalence. Thus, being projected to be the third most populous country by 2050 amidst a rising unemployment rate and a shrinking economy.

Drivers of long-lasting insecticide-treated net utilisation and parasitaemia among under-five children in 13 States with high malaria burden in Nigeria.

Background: Although Nigeria has made some progress in malaria control, there are variations across States. We investigated the factors associated with utilisation of long-lasting insecticide-treated net (LLIN) and parasitaemia among under-five children in 13 States with high malaria burden.

Method: Data from the 2015 Nigeria Malaria Indicator Survey and 2018 Demographic and Health Survey were obtained and analysed.

Quality and outcomes of maternal and perinatal care for 76,563 pregnancies reported in a nationwide network of Nigerian referral-level hospitals.

Background: The WHO in collaboration with the Nigeria Federal Ministry of Health, established a nationwide electronic data platform across referral-level hospitals. We report the burden of maternal, foetal and neonatal complications and quality and outcomes of care during the first year.

Methods: Data were analysed from 76,563 women who were admitted for delivery or on account of complications within 42 days of delivery or termination of pregnancy from September 2019 to August 2020 across the 54 hospitals included in the Maternal and Perinatal Database for Quality, Equity and Dignity programme.

The Indirect Victims of COVID-19: Perception of Non-COVID-19 Patients about the Effect of Closure of the Medical Outpatient Services on their Health.

Background: In order to reduce COVID-19 transmission and protect healthcare workers, the outpatient departments (OPDs) in many hospitals worldwide were closed down in the early days of the pandemic. Patients being managed for chronic medical illnesses who subsequently suffered reduced access to healthcare have been described as "the patients left behind".

Aim: The study aimed at assessing the impact of the closure of the Medical OPD in University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH) on the health and perceived well-being of patients with chronic medical illnesses.

Trough plasma nevirapine levels, immunologic and virologic responses in composite CYP2B6*6/*18 HIV-infected adult Nigerian patients.

The influence of composite CYP2B6*6/*18 genotype on trough plasma nevirapine levels, HIV RNA levels (virologic response) and CD4+ T lymphocyte and absolute lymphocyte counts (immunologic response) of HIV-infected patients were evaluated. Patients with records of trough plasma nevirapine levels, CD4+ T lymphocyte, absolute lymphocyte and viral load counts at baseline and months 6 and 12 after initiation of nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy combinations were retrospectively analysed. Participants were from a cohort of 150 patients previously genotyped and with measured plasma nevirapine levels.

Nigerian resident doctors' work schedule: A national study.

Background And Aim: The deleterious effects of Resident Doctors' (RDs') long duty hours are well documented. Driven by concerns over the physician's well-being and patient safety, the RDs' duty hours in many developed countries have been capped. However, in Nigeria and many African countries, there are no official regulations on work hours of RDs.

Effect of spinal anesthesia on QT interval: Comparative study of severe pre-eclamptic and normotensive parturients undergoing cesarean section.

Aim: This study aimed to compare the effect of spinal anesthesia on QT interval in severe pre-eclamptic and normotensive parturients who underwent cesarean section in a Nigerian tertiary hospital.

Patients And Methods: Twelve-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) was obtained before, and at intervals after spinal anaesthesia on fifty severe pre-eclamptic (Group A) and fifty normotensive parturients (Group B) who underwent caesarean section. The effect of spinal anaesthesia on QT interval was compared.

Non-compartmental toxicokinetic studies of the Nigerian venom.

Snakebite envenoming (SBE) is a neglected public health problem, especially in Asia, Latin America and Africa. There is inadequate knowledge of venom toxicokinetics especially from African snakes. To mimic a likely scenario of a snakebite envenoming, we used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) approach to study the toxicokinetic parameters in rabbits, following a single intramuscular (IM) administration of Northern Nigeria venom.

Vision impairment and self-reported anxiety and depression in older adults in Nigeria: evidence from a cross-sectional survey in Kogi State.

Background: More than 2 billion people are thought to be living with some form of vision impairment worldwide. Yet relatively little is known about the wider impacts of vision loss on individual health and well-being, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study estimated the associations between all-cause vision impairment and self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depression among older adults in Kogi State, Nigeria.

Relationship between Serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and Severity of Asthmatic Attack in Children.

Background: Globally, the number of diagnosed asthma has increased by 4.3 million from 2001 to 2009.The prevalence of asthma in Africa has increased from 64.

Dietary patterns associated with stroke among West Africans: A case-control study.

Background: The relationship of diet with stroke risk among Africans is not well understood.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dietary patterns and stroke risk among West Africans.

Methods: In this multi-center case-control study, 3684 stroke patients matched (for age and sex) with 3684 healthy controls were recruited from Nigeria and Ghana.

Increased Risk of Migraine among Students with Asthma: Results of Headache and Asthma Study among University Students.

Background: Several studies in developed countries have investigated the relationship between migraine and asthma.

Objective: To examine the relationship between asthma and migraine among university students in a low middle-income country.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study across three universities in the middle belt region of Nigeria.

A Prospective Cohort Study of the Clinical Predictors of Bacteremia in Under-Five Children With Acute Undifferentiated Fever Attending a Secondary Health Facility in Northwestern Nigeria.

Background: Children with acute febrile illness with no localizing signs often receive antibiotics empirically in most resource-poor settings. However, little is known about the burden of bacteremia in this category of patients, and an appraisal is thus warranted. This will guide clinical practice and promote rational antibiotics use.