Effectiveness of Poverty Reduction Programs on Psychological Development of Children and Adolescents at Risk of Poverty: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Considering the potential detrimental impact of poverty on psychological development and the resulting harmful cycles, implementing poverty alleviation interventions is necessary for children and adolescents. Although several meta-analyses have demonstrated the effectiveness of monetary poverty reduction programs, there remains a significant gap in understanding how multidimensional poverty reduction strategies boost psychological development. This meta-analysis aims to address this gap by disclosing the impact of multifaceted anti-poverty interventions on the psychological development of children and adolescents.

The impact of bleaching using 15% carbamide peroxide on surface properties of CAD-CAM composite structures.

This study aims to evaluate the effects of the home bleaching method on the surface microhardness and surface roughness of both polished and unpolished CAD-CAM resin composite materials. A polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) block, Enamic (VE), along with four resin composite blocks (RCB) (Grandio [GN], Lava™ Ultimate [LV], BRILLIANT Crios [B], and Cerasmart [CS]), were prepared to dimensions of 14 mm × 12 mm × 2 mm and were categorized into unpolished and polished groups (n = 4). Microhardness measurements were conducted using a Vickers microhardness tester (300 gf load for 20 s) at various time points: before home bleaching, after home bleaching with 15% Opalescence for 8 h and for 56 h, 24 h after bleaching, and one month after bleaching.

Genetic coupling of enhancer activity and connectivity in gene expression control.

Gene enhancers often form long-range contacts with promoters, but it remains unclear if the activity of enhancers and their chromosomal contacts are mediated by the same DNA sequences and recruited factors. Here, we study the effects of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) on enhancer activity and promoter contacts in primary monocytes isolated from 34 male individuals. Using eQTL-Capture Hi-C and a Bayesian approach considering both intra- and inter-individual variation, we initially detect 19 eQTLs associated with enhancer-eGene promoter contacts, most of which also associate with enhancer accessibility and activity.

Chinese herbal formula Tongxie Yaofang granules for diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II trial.

Objectives: To assess the therapeutic effects and safety of Tongxie Yaofang (TXYF) granules vs placebo as an alternative treatment for diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). We hypothesised that TXYF would improve clinical responses among patients with IBS-D.

Design: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II, superiority trial.

Inhibition of Kv1.3 channel restrains macrophage M2 polarization and ameliorates renal fibrosis via regulating STAT6 phosphorylation.

Macrophages play crucial roles in regulating both homeostatic and inflammatory responses, with classical activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) subsets defined by the surrounding micro-environment. Renal fibrosis, developed from persistent inflammation, is worsened by M2 macrophages, yet the precise mechanisms underlying macrophage M2 polarization remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of Kv1.

Cryogenic in-memory computing using magnetic topological insulators.

Machine learning algorithms have proven to be effective for essential quantum computation tasks such as quantum error correction and quantum control. Efficient hardware implementation of these algorithms at cryogenic temperatures is essential. Here we utilize magnetic topological insulators as memristors (termed magnetic topological memristors) and introduce a cryogenic in-memory computing scheme based on the coexistence of a chiral edge state and a topological surface state.

The trajectory of crime: Integrating mouse-tracking into concealed memory detection.

The autobiographical implicit association test (aIAT) is an approach of memory detection that can be used to identify true autobiographical memories. This study incorporates mouse-tracking (MT) into aIAT, which offers a more robust technique of memory detection. Participants were assigned to mock crime and then performed the aIAT with MT.

Non-linear development in statistical learning of visual orthographic regularities.

Statistical learning is a core ability for individuals in extracting and integrating regularities and patterns from linguistic input. Yet, the developmental trajectory of visual statistical learning has not been fully examined in the orthographic learning domain. Employing an artificial orthographic learning task, we manipulated three levels of positional consistency of radicals, i.

Emerging Physics in Magnetic Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Systems.

The hybrid magnetic heterostructures and superlattices, composed of organic and inorganic materials, have shown great potential for quantum computing and next-generation information technology. Organic materials generally possess designable structural motifs and versatile optical, electronic, and magnetic properties, but are too delicate for robust integration into solid-state devices. In contrast, inorganic systems provide robust solid-state interface and excellent electronic properties but with limited customization space.

Enhancing Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex Photoactivation with a Stable Perylene Diimide Metal-Organic Framework.

Electron donor-acceptor complexes are commonly employed to facilitate photoinduced radical-mediated organic reactions. However, achieving these photochemical processes with catalytic amounts of donors or acceptors can be challenging, especially when aiming to reduce catalyst loadings. Herein, we have unveiled a framework-based heterogenization approach that significantly enhances the photoredox activity of perylene diimide species in radical addition reactions with alkyl silicates by promoting faster and more efficient electron donor-acceptor complex formation.

Enhancing astaxanthin production from Chromochloris zofingiensis via blue light and exogenous inducers in plate photobioreactors.

This study investigates the photoinduction techniques for the maximization of astaxanthin production in Chromochloris zofingiensis following heterotrophic growth. Leveraging blue light, this study enhanced carbon allocation by suppressing the tricarboxylic acid cycle and activating the methylerythritol phosphate and pentose phosphate pathways to facilitate astaxanthin accumulation. Under blue light, an astaxanthin content of 5.

The Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales-21: Principal component analysis and evaluation of abbreviated versions in young adults with temporomandibular disorders.

Background: The Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) contain three subscales measuring depression, anxiety, and stress. Several abbreviated DASS-21 versions have been developed, demonstrating better clinical utility and measurement properties than the original instrument. This study explored the factor structure of various abbreviated DASS-21 versions and identified/validated the optimal one for assessing young adults with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs).

Burden and attributable risk factors of non-communicable diseases and subtypes in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021.

Background: Understanding based on up-to-date data on the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is limited, especially regarding how subtypes contribute to the overall NCD burden and the attributable risk factors across locations and subtypes. We aimed to report the global, regional, and national burden of NCDs, subtypes, and attributable risk factors in 2021, and trends from 1990 to 2021 by age, sex, and socio-demographic index (SDI).

Materials And Methods: We used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 to estimate the prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for NCDs and subtypes, along with attributable risk factors.

Assessing microclimatic influences in Colombo metropolitan area (CMA) amidst global climate change: a comprehensive study from 1980 to 2022.

Climate change has become an emerging topic, leading to widespread damage. However, when considering climate, attention is drawn to various scales, and urban microclimate has emerged as a trending subject due to its direct relevance to human living environments. Among the microclimatic factors, temperature and precipitation are utilized in order to identify trends.

Integrated care for mental health in epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-synthesis by the International League Against Epilepsy Integrated Mental Health Care Pathways Task Force.

Mental health (MH) comorbidities are prevalent among people with epilepsy (PWE), but many experience challenges accessing care. To address this, suggestions have been made to integrate MH care into epilepsy care settings, yet the current approaches, benefits, and implementation determinants to MH care integration are unclear. This review aims to synthesize existing integrated MH care models for PWE to inform the development and planning of future initiatives.

Unmet Social Needs of Older Adults With Mobility Limitations Following Inpatient Rehabilitation Discharge in Nigeria: A Qualitative Narrative Inquiry Study.

Background And Purpose: Approximately, 30% to 60% of older adults experience functional decline following hospitalization, which has implications for their ability to meet social needs after discharge. Exploring the unmet social needs of older adults following discharge is warranted to rethink the elements of hospital discharge in low-resource countries. This study explored the unmet social needs of older adults with mobility limitations following discharge from an inpatient rehabilitation unit in a state hospital in Northern Nigeria.

Modifiable Risk Factors Including Self-Perceived Stress for Breast Cancer in Hong Kong: A Case-Control Study of 10 757 Subject.

Background: In Hong Kong, breast cancer is the commonest female cancer. In addition to intrinsic risk factors that cannot be modified, other factors may be potentially modifiable. The objective of this report was to determine modifiable risk factors in association with breast cancer among Chinese women in our locality.

Accelerated fracture healing accompanied with traumatic brain injury: A review of clinical studies, animal models and potential mechanisms.

The orthopaedic community frequently encounters polytrauma individuals with concomitant traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their fractures demonstrate accelerated fracture union, but the mechanisms remain far from clear. Animal and clinical studies demonstrate robust callus formation at the early healing process and expedited radiographical union. In humans, robust callus formation in TBI occurs independently of fracture fixation methods across multiple fracture sites.

Single-cell transcriptomics identifies the common perturbations of monocyte/macrophage lineage cells in inflammaging of bone marrow.

Background: Bone marrow inflammaging is a low-grade chronic inflammation that induces bone marrow aging. Multiple age-related and inflammatory diseases involve bone marrow inflammaging. Whether common pathological pathways exist in bone marrow inflammaging remains unclear.

Partner phubbing and relational aggression in romantic relationships among young adults in China: the roles of social support and gender.

Introduction: Phubbing may have significant interpersonal consequences. This study examines the association between partner phubbing and relational aggression, the mediation effect of social support, and the moderation effect of gender among young Chinese adults.

Method: A total of 772 young adults currently in a romantic relationship participated in an online survey that assessed their partner phubbing, relational aggression, and social support (i.

Enhancing diabetic muscle repair through W-GA nanodots: a nanomedicinal approach to ameliorate myopathy in type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that significantly impairs muscle regeneration following injuries, contributing to numerous complications and reduced quality of life. There is an urgent need for therapeutic strategies that can enhance muscle regeneration and alleviate these pathological mechanisms. In this study, we evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of W-GA nanodots, which are composed of gallic acid (GA) and tungstate (W6+), on muscle regeneration in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D)-induced muscle injury, with a focus on their anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects.

Interaction between 24 h Urinary Free Cortisol and Obesity in Hypertension-Mediated Organ Damage in Patients with Untreated Hypertension.

Background: Given the close relationship between excessive cortisol secretion and obesity, as well as their intimate associations with cardiometabolic sequelae, this study aimed to evaluate whether elevated cortisol levels and obesity are independently and potentially interactively related to hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD) in patients with untreated hypertension.

Methods: A total of 936 untreated hypertensive patients were recruited. Body mass index (BMI), 24-hour urinary free cortisol (24 h UFC), and HMOD indicators, including left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and albuminuria, were assessed.

Bioengineering strategies targeting angiogenesis: Innovative solutions for osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a prevalent orthopedic disorder characterized primarily by compromised blood supply. This vascular deficit results in cell apoptosis, trabecular bone loss, and structural collapse of the femoral head at late stage, significantly impairing joint function. While MRI is a highly effective tool for diagnosing ONFH in its early stages, challenges remain due to the limited availability and high cost of MRI, as well as the absence of routine MRI screening in asymptomatic patients.

Fluorescent Particles Based on Aggregation-Induced Emission for Optical Diagnostics of the Central Nervous System.

In 2001, Tang's team discovered a unique type of luminogens with substantial enhanced fluorescence upon aggregation and introduced the concept of "aggregation-induced emission (AIE)". Unlike conventional fluorescent materials, AIE luminogens (AIEgens) emit weak or no fluorescence in solution but become highly fluorescent in aggregated or solid states, due to a mechanism known as restriction of intramolecular motions (RIM). Initially considered a purely inorganic chemical phenomenon, AIE was later applied in biomedicine to improve the sensitivity of immunoassays.

Association of ambient temperature with social isolation among the community-dwelling Chinese older adults: A cross-sectional study in Hong Kong.

Background: The adverse health impacts of ambient temperature have been well-documented, encompassing not only the mortality and morbidity burden but also mood and mental health disorders. However, the relationship between temperature and social isolation remains unexplored. The objective of the current study was to investigate the potential associations between ambient temperature and social isolation among the aging population.