Genetics of childhood tuberculosis: A scoping review.

The social determinants of tuberculosis (TB) are well established. However, evidence indicates that genetic variants may also significantly influence an individual's susceptibility to or resistance to TB. The risk of TB is connected to polymorphisms in genes related to immunity and inflammation.

The health-economic burden of hip and knee periprosthetic joint infections in Europe : a comprehensive analysis following primary arthroplasty.

Aims: Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) pose significant challenges to patients and healthcare systems worldwide. The aim of this study was to estimate the health-economic burden of reimbursement payment in Europe for PJIs following primary hip and knee arthroplasty.

Methods: The calculation was based on health-economic modelling using data on primary hip and knee arthroplasties for the year 2019 from the Statistical Office of the European Union (Eurostat) and published infection rates to estimate the total number of hip and knee PJIs in 30 European countries.

Ahmedabad declaration: A framework to combat growing epidemic of young-onset type 2 diabetes in Asia.

Aim: Rising prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) among young Asians has emerged as a public health crisis that threatens the long-term health, economic stability, and productivity of nations across Asia (1). Early-onset T2D poses unique challenges, including higher rates of undiagnosed cases, more aggressive disease progression, an increased risk of chronic complications and higher mortality (2). Hyperglycemia during the reproductive age especially among the female population can potentially have transgenerational impact through epigenetic changes.

The effects of subsequent soccer-specific tasks on sidestep cutting kinematics and kinetics.

Objectives: Sidestep cutting (SSC), a common method in soccer, frequently causes anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. This study examined the effects of a soccer-specific movement task performed after a SSC on the kinematics and kinetics of the SSC.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Minced cartilage for focal cartilage defects-A comprehensive systematic review of surgical techniques in clinical studies, animal studies and basic research studies.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether the minced cartilage procedure for treating focal cartilage defects is already a standardized technique.

Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE and Google Scholar to include all relevant studies (clinical studies, animal studies and basic research) investigating minced cartilage for treating focal cartilage defects.

Results: A total of 8 clinical studies, 14 animal studies and 17 basic research studies met the inclusion criteria.

Effect of Trauma Bay Curtains on Ambient Noise and Number of Staff Present During Trauma Resuscitations.

Background: Elevated ambient noise levels during trauma resuscitation can disrupt team member communication, yet limited research has examined interventions to mitigate these noise levels.

Objective: This study aims to measure the effect of trauma bay curtains on noise levels and the number of staff present during trauma resuscitations.

Methods: This single-center prospective randomized study was conducted at a U.

Linking environmental drivers including illegal gold mining to fish assemblage structure and health in a north-central Nigeria River: conservation and management implications of fish biodiversity.

Anthropogenic activities exert significant pressures on the dynamics and health of dominant fish species in aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we evaluated how human activities impact the community structure, length-weight relationships, and condition factors of key fish species in a north-central Nigeria river. Sampling was conducted over 14 months across four sites with varying levels of disturbance: Zhabyala (minimal), Tunga Waya, Chanchaga, and Korokpan (severe).

Urine metabolite-determined isoniazid adherence under programmatic conditions in people living with HIV.

Chemotherapy to prevent TB is a core component of care for persons living with HIV (PLHIV). There are few reports describing adherence to TB prevention under programmatic conditions in high TB burden settings.We measured adherence to daily isoniazid (INH) preventive treatment (IPT) using a commercially available colourimetric assay to detect urine INH metabolites among PLHIV who self-reported INH ingestion within the preceding 24 h.

Prenatal predictors of ventriculoperitoneal shunt requirement and adverse perinatal outcomes in newborns with open spina bifida.

Objective: Spina bifida is a group of anomalies that, while non-lethal, require careful prenatal evaluation and prognosis prediction due to their association with common motor and cognitive problems. In this study, we investigated the need for postnatal ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS) in fetuses with open spina bifida and explored the relationship between adverse perinatal outcomes and prenatal ultrasonographic findings.

Methods: In this retrospective study, fetuses with open spina bifida that were diagnosed prenatally and resulted in a live birth were examined.

Predictive factors of mortality in patients with abdominal trauma.

Background: Traumatic injuries, particularly abdominal trauma, are a major cause of mortality worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate predictive factors for mortality and morbidity in abdominal trauma patients using simple, rapid, and accessible clinical and laboratory parameters, with a focus on developing scoring systems for emergency department decision-making.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a Level 1 Trauma Center between October 2022 and March 2024.

The effect of nicardipine on the zone of stasis in burns: An experimental rat model.

Background: The zone of stasis in burns is particularly vulnerable to progressive ischemia, making it a critical target for therapeutic interventions. Preventing damage in this zone is essential, as its viability can be preserved with adequate perfusion. Recognizing this, we aimed to investigate the systemic effects of nicardipine, a calcium channel blocker with vasodilatory properties, on the stasis zone in an experimentally induced burn model in rats.

Evaluation of traumatic peripheral nerve injuries in terms of Forensic Medicine.

Background: Traumatic peripheral nerve injuries are one of the leading causes of disability in young individuals. This study aims to evaluate cases of traumatic peripheral nerve injury from a forensic medical perspective and to identify their characteristic features.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 6,953 cases who presented to the Forensic Medicine Clinic of Gülhane Training and Research Hospital between September 1, 2016 and June 31, 2023.

Evaluation of the effects of explosions: A ten-year retrospective study.

Background: Explosions are not exclusive to battlefields; they also represent a global security concern that affects all societies worldwide. This study aims to elucidate the effects of injuries caused by explosions with multiple mechanisms, which clinicians may encounter at any time, particularly in the context of military personnel. Furthermore, the clinical characteristics of these injuries were examined.

Neuropsychiatric Approaches to Essential and Functional Tremor: A Comparative Study.

Purpose: Differentiating essential tremor (ET) from functional tremor (FT) remains a challenge due to their overlapping clinical presentations. This study aimed to elucidate the demographic and psychometric differences between the aforementioned tremor types to enhance diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic strategies.

Patients And Methods: This prospective study included 96 patients diagnosed with ET or FT and analysed their related demographic data, clinical symptoms, and psychometric evaluation scores.

A Wide QRS Complex Tachycardia with Variation of Ventriculoatrial Interval: What is the Mechanism?

The differential diagnosis for wide complex tachycardia includes all causes of narrow complex tachycardia with bundle branch block, all causes of narrow complex tachycardia with antegrade pre-excitation, ventricular tachycardia, and antidromic and other pre-excited reciprocating tachycardias. The variation in a specific intracardiac interval that causes a subsequent change in the tachycardia cycle length or another intracardiac interval can be diagnostic in these arrhythmias.

Influence of fermented milk permeate containing antimicrobial and galactooligosaccharides on growth performance and health parameters in neonatal piglets.

The study aimed to compare the effects of fermented milk permeate (MP) containing (MPPp) and (MPPa) on growth performance, plasma parameters, and the faecal microbial, metataxonomic, and physicochemical characteristics of Topigs Norsvin Yorkshire piglets. A total of 36 1-day-old piglets were divided into three groups: (i) control group (C), (ii) MPPp group, and (iii) MPPa group. The treated groups, in addition to their full-fledged combined pre-starter diet, received 25 mL of MP daily.

Artificial intelligence and perinatology: a study on accelerated academic production- a bibliometric analysis.

Objective: The main purpose of this bibliometric study is to compile the rapidly increasing articles in the field of perinatology in recent years and to shed light on the research areas where studies are concentrated.

Materials And Methods: This bibliometric study was conducted using the Thomson ISI Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) system on May 4, 2024, with specific keywords. The abstracts of 1,124 articles that met the criteria were reviewed, and 382 articles related to perinatology were evaluated.

Role of Gut Microbiota in Long COVID: Impact on Immune Function and Organ System Health.

SARS-CoV-2 infection has led to a range of long-lasting symptoms, collectively referred to as long COVID. Current research highlights the critical role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in regulating gut microbiota diversity, vascular function, and homeostasis within the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). ACE2 is utilized by the SARS-CoV-2 virus to enter host cells, but its downregulation following infection contributes to gut microbiota dysbiosis and RAS disruption.

Novel 2-Alkoxy-3-cyanopyridine Derivatives as Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and In Silico Investigations.

Alzheimer's disease remains a major challenge in neuroscience and medicine. Cholinesterase inhibitors provide symptomatic relief but do not alter disease progression. While significant progress has been made in understanding its biology, there is an urgent need for effective therapies.

Leading evidence-based practice: nurse managers' strategies for knowledge utilisation in acute care settings.

Background: The implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) in nursing is essential for improving patient care outcomes, yet systemic barriers, leadership challenges, and resource limitations continue to hinder its integration into clinical practice. Nurse managers (NMs) play a crucial role in bridging the gap between policy directives and frontline implementation, yet the dynamic interplay between leadership strategies, knowledge utilisation, and organisational barriers remains underexplored, particularly in resource-constrained settings. This study examines how NMs navigate these challenges to sustain EBP adoption in acute care environments.

Factors influencing surgical anxiety and postoperative pain: a comprehensive evaluation of psychological and gynecological determinants.

Background: Postoperative pain is a persistent challenge in gynecological surgery, influenced by psychological and clinical factors. Surgical anxiety, a critical preoperative psychological state, is shaped by underlying psychological conditions that can affect pain experiences during recovery. This study aimed to explore the psychological factors contributing to surgical anxiety and their interaction with postoperative pain outcomes, focusing on anxiety, psychological distress, and general gynecological status.

Assessing the quality and reliability of youtube information on hypertension: a comprehensive analysis.

Patient education is an important aspect in the management of hypertension and YouTube has become a popular platform for sharing hypertension-related information, but concerns persist regarding the accuracy and reliability of such content in the context of patient education. To address this issue, this cross-sectional type of observational study aims to assess YouTube's information on hypertension using the Global Quality Score (GQS) and Reliability Score (DISCERN SCORE), which evaluate the quality and trustworthiness of the YouTube content, and the Video Power Index (VPI). Majority of the videos are uploaded by physicians (26, 33.