SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology and post-vaccination severity: a systematic review.

Currently, COVID-19 is still striking after 4 years of prevalence, with millions of cases and thousands of fatalities being recorded every month. The virus can impact other major organ systems, including the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), cardiovascular, central nervous system, renal, and hepatobiliary systems. The resulting organ dysfunction from SARS-CoV-2 may be attributed to one or a combination of mechanisms, such as direct viral toxicity, disruptions in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), thrombosis, immune dysregulation, and ischemic injury due to vasculitis.

Comparative transcriptomics of a generalist aphid, and a specialist aphid, reveals molecular signatures associated with diversity of their feeding behaviour and other attributes.

Introduction: Aphids are phloem sap-sucking insects and are a serious destructive pest of several crop plants. Aphids are categorized as "generalists" or "specialists" depending on their host range. (Sulz.

Biodetection Strategies for Selective Identification of Candidiasis.

Fungi are among the predominant pathogens seen in a greater proportion of infections acquired in healthcare settings. A common fungus that causes infections in medical settings is species. Hospitalized patients who suffer from fungal diseases such as candidiasis and candidemia often have elevated rates of mortality and morbidity.

New thiourea derivatives that target the episomal silencing SMC5 protein to inhibit HBx-dependent viral DNA replication and gene transcription.

Unlabelled: Antivirals such as nucleotide analogs (NAs) are potent inhibitors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. However, NAs fail to diminish the signaling and mitogenic activities of the transactivator HBx protein. Earlier we have shown that thiourea derivative IR-415 (DSA-00) targeted HBx to down-regulate its target viral and host genes.

Nutritional Guidelines for Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and its Adherence- A Narrative Review.

Nutritional guidelines are of importance in directing food choices of T1D patients. The objective is to summarise existing nutritional recommendations and examine its adherence by T1D patients. Literature was searched on dietary guidelines in T1D using electronic databases PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, in English and 29 papers were selected.

Higher Body Mass Index is Associated with Increased Oxidative Stress in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely associated with the obesity; however, certain proportion of T2DM patients is non-obese or lean (BMI < 18.5 kg/m). Obesity has long been associated with oxidative stress; however, there are no studies available documenting levels of oxidative stress in the lean patients of T2DM.

Synthesis and mechanistic studies of 4-aminoquinoline-Isatin molecular hybrids and Schiff's bases as promising antimicrobial agents.

In this investigation, to determine their potential as specific antibacterial agents, Schiff's bases (LT-SB1-23 and SB1-SB12) and novel quinoline-isatin hybrids were subjected to microbiological testing. The in-vitro screening against bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi) exhibited their antibacterial potential with many of the compounds showing inhibition range of 90-100 % at 200 μg/mL, against most of the tested strains. The MIC values of some of the compounds showed good antibacterial efficacy with values ranging from 32 to 128 μg/mL.

Spin Polarization and Phase Transformation-Aided Efficient Overall Water Splitting Using NiMnGaCu Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Heusler Alloy.

We demonstrate experimentally that the combination of half-metallic property and shape memory features of the NiMnGaCu (NMGC) alloy can synergistically catalyze both the oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions, leading to excellent water splitting. NMGC, a copper-doped nickel-based ferromagnetic shape memory alloy, undergoes first-order martensite to austenite phase transition with temperature variations. The martensite phase of NMGC demonstrates remarkable efficiency for both the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).

From teeth to ethnicity: A neural network approach to predicting population of origin through dental traits and anomalies.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of dental traits and anomalies in five North Indian populations (Khas Bodhi, Jaat, Khatri, Garhwali, and Gujjar) and predict the population of origin based on these traits and anomalies for forensic applications.

Methods: We assessed dental traits and anomalies in 454 individuals through intraoral examination. Neural network analysis was employed to predict the population of origin based on a combination of dental traits and anomalies.

EpiBrCan-Lite: A lightweight deep learning model for breast cancer subtype classification using epigenomic data.

Background And Objectives: Early breast cancer subtypes classification improves the survival rate as it facilitates prognosis of the patient. In literature this problem was prominently solved by various Machine Learning and Deep Learning techniques. However, these studies have three major shortcomings: huge Trainable Weight Parameters (TWP), suffer from low performance and class imbalance problem.

The Golden Age of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials: Design and Exploitation.

Since the seminal report by Adachi and co-workers in 2012, there has been a veritable explosion of interest in the design of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) compounds, particularly as emitters for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). With rapid advancements and innovation in materials design, the efficiencies of TADF OLEDs for each of the primary color points as well as for white devices now rival those of state-of-the-art phosphorescent emitters. Beyond electroluminescent devices, TADF compounds have also found increasing utility and applications in numerous related fields, from photocatalysis, to sensing, to imaging and beyond.

Effect of pain neuroscience education (PNE) in people with different mechanisms of chronic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Chronic pain poses a multifaceted and prevalent challenge that significantly affects an individual's quality of life. Sensory mechanisms, behavioural components (kinesiophobia and catastrophising), and social factors can influence pain perception in both younger and older populations. Moreover, the mechanisms underlying these altered pain phenotypes require further investigation in order to plan appropriate treatment.

Circulating tumor cells in solid malignancies: From advanced isolation technologies to biological understanding and clinical relevance in early diagnosis and prognosis.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are shed from primary tumors and travel through the body via circulation, eventually settling to form micrometastases under favorable conditions. Numerous studies have identified CTCs as a negative prognostic indicator for survival across various cancer types. CTCs mirror the current heterogeneity and genetic and biological state of tumors, making their study invaluable for understanding tumor progression, cell senescence, and cancer dormancy.

Protocol for feeding strategy and proteomics analysis of zebrafish Danio rerio using S-trap and iTRAQ techniques.

Yeast serves as a functional alternative and sustainable protein source in aquaculture. This protocol outlines feeding strategy and intestinal proteome analysis of zebrafish (Danio rerio), using S-trap for digestion, iTRAQ, and mass spectrometry for protein quantification. Additionally, it details the analysis of chemical components in feed and functional assessments via Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Eukaryotic Orthologous Group (KOG), and Gene Ontology (GO).

The theragnostic advances of exosomes in managing leukaemia.

Leukaemia, a group of haematological malignancies, presents ongoing diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment challenges. A major obstacle in treating this disease is the development of drug resistance. Overcoming drug resistance poses a significant barrier to effective leukaemia treatment.

Unveiling the Involvement of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 in Alzheimer's Disease: Possible Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.

Viruses pose a significant challenge and threat to human health, as demonstrated by the current COVID-19 pandemic. Neurodegeneration, particularly in the case of Alzheimer's disease (AD), is significantly influenced by viral infections. AD is a neurodegenerative disease that affects people of all ages and poses a significant threat to millions of individuals worldwide.

Navigating cancer therapy: Harnessing the power of peptide-drug conjugates as precision delivery vehicles.

Cancer treatment is a formidable challenge due to the adverse effects associated with non-selective therapies like chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This review article primarily centers on the application of Peptide-Drug Conjugates (PDCs) for delivering cancer treatment. PDCs represent a promising class of precision medicines, harnessing the unique attributes of peptides in conjunction with non-peptide components.

Repurposed drugs as PCSK9-LDLR disruptors for lipid lowering and cardiovascular disease therapeutics.

The PCSK9 protein binds to LDL receptors (LDLR), leading to their degradation and reduced expression on cell surfaces. This decreased the clearance of LDL cholesterol from the bloodstream, thereby increasing the risk of coronary artery diseases. Targeting the PCSK9-LDL receptor interaction is crucial for regulating LDL cholesterol levels and preventing cardiovascular disease.

Assessment of multifunctional activity of graphene oxide and guar gum-based nanomaterials against Aedes aegypti.

Nanomaterials have been receiving much research attention in controlling insect pests and vectors. Properties, such as small surface-to-volume ratio, low dosages, durability, solubility, enhanced target activity, pore size and surface characteristics have enabled the design of precise and targeted insecticides through adsorption, encapsulation, and conjugation. The reported study aims to evaluate the efficacy of graphene oxide (GO) and guar gum (GG)-based nanomaterials against early fourth instar of Aedes aegypti, a mosquito responsible for transmitting diseases like dengue fever, Zika, and chikungunya, among many others.

A new pyranopyrazole based colorimetric chemosensor for the selective recognition of biothiols: applications in real samples.

Here, we present the development of a pyranopyrazole-based chemosensor (P1) that serves as a reliable colorimetric chemosensor for the identification of biothiols, namely glutathione (GSH), homocysteine (Hcy), and cysteine (Cys). We extensively studied the interaction of P1 with several amino acids (Cys, Ala, His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Ser, Trp, Val, Pro, Phe, Arg) and other biothiols (Hcy and GSH) using colorimetric methods and UV-visible spectroscopy. The results indicated that P1 endures a visible color change in the presence of biothiols, rendering it a practical tool for detection.

Phenotypical mapping of TP53 unique missense mutations spectrum in human cancers.

The p53 tumor suppressor is one of the most mutated genes responsible for tumorigenesis in most human cancers. Out of 29,891 genomic mutations reported in the TP53 Database (https://tp53.isb-cgc.

A paradigm of microbe-mediated green nano-semiconductors and nano-metals.

Semiconducting and metallic nanomaterials are essential building blocks for developing modern-age technologies, and their demand is expanding exponentially with a growing population. However, their processing impacts the ecosystem and requires urgently sustainable solutions. This perspective underlines the emergence of microbe-mediated (bacteria, yeast, fungi, microalgae, viruses, cyanobacteria) green nanomaterials, including metal-based, carbon-based, organic and hybrid nanomaterials, with technical challenges of scalability, stability and cytotoxicity restricting their transition from lab-to-market.

Anti-diabetic drug pioglitazone reduces Islet amyloid aggregation overload in the Drosophila neuronal cells.

Amyloid-proteinopathy is observed in type 2 diabetes, where Islet amyloid polypeptide is secreted atypically and impedes cellular homeostasis. The thiazolidinediones family is reported to influence amyloid-beta aggregations. However, research on drug-based stimulation of insulin signaling to alleviate Islet amyloid aggregations is lacking.