Catatonia.

Catatonia is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by motor, affective and cognitive-behavioural signs, which lasts from hours to days. Intensive research over the past two decades has led to catatonia being recognized as an independent diagnosis in the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11) since 2022. Catatonia is found in 5-18% of inpatients on psychiatric units and 3.

A longitudinal study using B mode ultrasound and power Doppler as monitoring imaging tools in inclusion body myositis.

Objectives: There is growing interest in ultrasound (US) as an outcome measure in IBM. Our study aimed to determine the ability of B mode US and power Doppler (PD) to detect changes in affected muscles over time and if US domains correlate with disease progression.

Methods: Participants attended on four occasions over a median follow-up period of 26 months.

From one to many: Hypertonia in schizophrenia spectrum psychosis an integrative review and adversarial collaboration report.

Different types of resistance to passive movement, i.e. hypertonia, were described in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) long before the introduction of antipsychotics.

The role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in long-term neurodegenerative processes following traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be a devastating and debilitating disease to endure. Due to improvements in clinical practice, declining mortality rates have led to research into the long-term consequences of TBI. For example, the incidence and severity of TBI have been associated with an increased susceptibility of developing neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease.

[An outline of the catatonia concept of the Wernicke-Kleist-Leonhard school of psychiatry].

Following Wernicke and Kleist's footsteps, Karl Leonhard developed a detailed nosology of psychomotor disturbances occurring in endogenous/functional psychoses. In Leonhard's classification the good prognosis cycloid motility psychosis is distinguished from the group of systemic and non-systemic catatonic schizophrenias. The diag - no sis of both types of catatonic schizophrenias is based on the recognition of a specific catatonic sign/symptom coupled with less specific, yet relatively stable other psychiatric symptoms forming unique Gestalts of psychiatric syndromes, or disease entities.

Comparative Assessment of the Proteolytic Stability and Impact of Poly-Arginine Peptides R18 and R18D on Infarct Growth and Penumbral Tissue Preservation Following Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in the Sprague Dawley Rat.

Poly-arginine peptides R18 and R18D have previously been demonstrated to be neuroprotective in ischaemic stroke models. Here we examined the proteolytic stability and efficacy of R18 and R18D in reducing infarct core growth and preserving the ischaemic penumbra following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in the Sprague Dawley rat. R18 (300 or 1000 nmol/kg), R18D (300 nmol/kg) or saline were administered intravenously 10 min after MCAO induced using a filament.

Effect of Polyarginine Peptide R18D Following a Traumatic Brain Injury in Sprague-Dawley Rats.

Background: Despite extensive studies, there are still no clinically available neuroprotective treatments for traumatic brain injury.

Objectives: In previous studies we demonstrated beneficial treatment effects of polyarginine peptides R18 (18-mer of arginine; 300 nmol/kg) and R18D (18-mer of D-arginine; 1000 nmol/kg) in a rat model of impact-acceleration closed-head injury.

Methods: We examined the efficacy of R18D when intravenously administered at a low (100 nmol/kg) and high (1000 nmol/kg) dose, 30 minutes after a closed-head injury in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Assessment of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) toxicity in cultured neural cells and subsequent treatment with poly-arginine peptide R18D.

Thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) in ischaemic stroke has been associated with neurotoxicity, blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption and intra-cerebral hemorrhage. To examine rtPA cellular toxicity we investigated the effects of rtPA on cell viability in neuronal, astrocyte and brain endothelial cell (bEnd.3) cultures with and without prior exposure to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD).

Poly-Arginine Peptide-18 (R18) Reduces Brain Injury and Improves Functional Outcomes in a Nonhuman Primate Stroke Model.

Poly-arginine peptide-18 (R18) is neuroprotective in different rodent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) stroke models. In this study, we examined whether R18 treatment could reduce ischemic brain injury and improve functional outcome in a nonhuman primate (NHP) stroke model. A stroke was induced in male cynomolgus macaques by MCAO distal to the orbitofrontal branch of the MCA through a right pterional craniotomy, using a 5-mm titanium aneurysm clip for 90 min.

Recovery of cognitive functioning following abstinence from ketamine.

Background: Acute and adverse effects of ketamine on cognitive functioning have been documented. No longitudinal study has examined whether cognitive deficits can be reversed following ketamine abstinence although it has been suggested in some cross-sectional studies. This study aimed to investigate the changes in cognitive functioning among ketamine users following a 12-week abstinence from ketamine.

Poly-Arginine Peptides R18 and R18D Improve Functional Outcomes After Endothelin-1-Induced Stroke in the Sprague Dawley Rat.

We have previously demonstrated that R18 and its d-enantiomer, R18D, are neuroprotective at 24 hours following intraluminal filament occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) in the rat. This study examined R18 and R18D effectiveness in improving functional outcomes at up to 56 days poststroke following endothelin-1-induced MCAO. Peptides were administered intravenously at doses of 100, 300, or 1000 nmol/kg, 60 minutes after MCAO.

Sleep disturbance and its relationship with quality of life in older Chinese adults living in nursing homes.

Purpose: To examine sleep disturbances in older adults in Macau and Guangzhou, China and their associated factors.

Design And Methods: Four-hundred and thirty seven subjects in Guangzhou and 244 subjects in Macau were interviewed.

Findings: In total, 681 older adults participated in the study, and 27.

A qualitative evaluation of a Young Parents Program (YPP) - Parent and facilitator perspectives.

Issue Addressed: Young parents (<25 years) have lower engagement with health and community services and are more likely to experience negative outcomes in the perinatal period compared to older parents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the short to medium-term outcomes of the Young Parents Program (YPP), specifically designed to engage and support young parents, using responsive and codesign strategies in a community setting.

Methods: A qualitative case study used data from interviews with participating parents (n = 20) and a focus group with YPP facilitators (n = 5).

Mitochondria and neuroprotection in stroke: Cationic arginine-rich peptides (CARPs) as a novel class of mitochondria-targeted neuroprotective therapeutics.

Stroke is the second leading cause of death globally and represents a major cause of devastating long-term disability. Despite sustained efforts to develop clinically effective neuroprotective therapies, presently there is no clinically available neuroprotective agent for stroke. As a central mediator of neurodamaging events in stroke, mitochondria are recognised as a critical neuroprotective target, and as such, provide a focus for developing mitochondrial-targeted therapeutics.

The Prevalence of Sleep Disturbances and Sleep Quality in Older Chinese Adults: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis.

: This is a meta-analysis of the pooled prevalence of insomnia-specific sleep disturbances (sleep disturbances thereafter) and sleep quality in older Chinese adults. : Both English (PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO) and Chinese (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI], WanFang and SinoMed) databases were systematically searched. Data extraction and quality assessment were independently performed by two investigators.

Prevalence of Workplace Violence Against Health-Care Professionals in China: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of Observational Surveys.

Background: In China, workplace violence (WPV) toward health-care professionals has been a major concern, but no meta-analysis on this topic has been published. This study is a meta-analysis of the pooled prevalence of WPV against health-care professionals in China and its associated risk factors.

Method: English- (PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase) and Chinese-language (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, and SinoMed) databases were systematically searched.

Assessment of R18, COG1410, and APP96-110 in Excitotoxicity and Traumatic Brain Injury.

Cationic arginine-rich and poly-arginine peptides (referred to as CARPs) have potent neuroprotective properties in in vitro excitotoxicity and in vivo models of stroke. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) shares many pathophysiological processes as stroke, including excitotoxicity. Therefore, we evaluated our lead peptide, poly-arginine R18, with the COG1410 and APP96-110 peptides, which have neuroprotective actions following TBI.

Delayed 2-h post-stroke administration of R18 and NA-1 (TAT-NR2B9c) peptides after permanent and/or transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat.

Following positive results with the poly-arginine peptide R18 when administered intravenously 30 or 60min after permanent and/or transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO; 90min) in the rat, we examined the effectiveness of the peptide when administered 2h after MCAO. R18 was administered intravenously (1000nmol/kg via jugular vein) after permanent MCAO or a transient 3-h MCAO or when administered intra-arterially (100nmol/kg via internal carotid artery) immediately after reperfusion following a transient 2-h MCAO. In the transient MCAO studies, the neuroprotective NA-1 peptide was used as a positive control.

Assessment of the Neuroprotective Effects of Arginine-Rich Protamine Peptides, Poly-Arginine Peptides (R12-Cyclic, R22) and Arginine-Tryptophan-Containing Peptides Following In Vitro Excitotoxicity and/or Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats.

We have demonstrated that arginine-rich and poly-arginine peptides possess potent neuroprotective properties with arginine content and peptide positive charge being particularly critical for neuroprotective efficacy. In addition, the presence of other amino acids within arginine-rich peptides, as well as chemical modifications, peptide length and cell-penetrating properties also influence the level of neuroprotection. Against this background, we have examined the neuroprotective efficacy of arginine-rich protamine peptides, a cyclic (R12-c) poly-arginine peptide and a R22 poly-arginine peptide, as well as arginine peptides containing tryptophan or other amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, glycine or leucine) in in vitro glutamic acid excitotoxicity and in vivo rat permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion models of stroke.

Peptide Pharmacological Approaches to Treating Traumatic Brain Injury: a Case for Arginine-Rich Peptides.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has a devastating effect on victims and their families, and has profound negative societal and economic impacts, a situation that is further compounded by the lack of effective treatments to minimise injury after TBI. The current strategy for managing TBI is partly through preventative measures and partly through surgical and rehabilitative interventions. Secondary brain damage remains the principal focus for the development of a neuroprotective therapeutic.

Neuroprotective efficacy of poly-arginine R18 and NA-1 (TAT-NR2B9c) peptides following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat.

We examined the efficacy of R18 in a transient MCAO model and compared its effectiveness to the well-characterized neuroprotective NA-1 peptide. R18 and NA-1 peptides were administered intravenously (30, 100, 300, 1000nmol/kg), 60min after the onset of 90min of MCAO. Infarct volume, cerebral swelling and functional outcomes (neurological score, adhesive tape and rota-rod) were measured 24h after MCAO.