Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Decoding Their Structural Variability, Health Benefits, and the Evolution of Infant Nutrition.

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), the third most abundant solid component in human milk, vary significantly among women due to factors such as secretor status, race, geography, season, maternal nutrition and weight, gestational age, and delivery method. In recent studies, HMOs have been shown to have a variety of functional roles in the development of infants. Because HMOs are not digested by infants, they act as metabolic substrates for certain bacteria, helping to establish the infant's gut microbiota.

Fucosidosis: A Review of a Rare Disease.

Fucosidosis is a rare lysosomal storage disease caused by α-L-fucosidase deficiency following a mutation in the gene. This enzyme is responsible for breaking down fucose-containing glycoproteins, glycolipids, and oligosaccharides within the lysosome. Mutations in result in either reduced enzyme activity or complete loss of function, leading to the accumulation of fucose-rich substrates in lysosomes.

Bovine Colostrum in Pediatric Nutrition and Health.

Bovine colostrum (BC), the first milk secreted by mammals after birth, is a trending alternative source for supplementing infants and children, offering benefits for gut and immune health. Its rich components, such as proteins, immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, and glycans, are used to fortify diets and support development. Preterm development is crucial, especially in the maturation of essential systems, and from 2010 to 2020, approximately 15% of all premature births occurred at less than 32 weeks of gestation worldwide.

Unveiling the Tumor Microenvironment Through Fibroblast Activation Protein Targeting in Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine: A Didactic Review on Biological Rationales and Key Imaging Agents.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a dynamic and complex medium that plays a central role in cancer progression, metastasis, and treatment resistance. Among the key elements of the TME, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are particularly important for their ability to remodel the extracellular matrix, promote angiogenesis, and suppress anti-tumor immune responses. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP), predominantly expressed by CAFs, has emerged as a promising target in both cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.

Seroprevalence and associated factors of HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C infections among sex workers in Chiangmai, Thailand during easing of COVID-19 lockdown measures.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, sex workers (SW) were one of the vulnerable groups affected by lockdown measures. COVID-19 had also disrupted HIV/Sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing and treatment services for sex workers due to numerous restrictions in specialist medical care. This study aims to assess the seroprevalence of HIV, syphilis, HBV, and HCV and associated factors among SW as COVID-19 restrictions were lifted.

Lactoferrin as a Versatile Agent in Nanoparticle Applications: From Therapeutics to Agriculture.

Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a potent choice for various applications, from drug delivery to agricultural studies, serving as an alternative and promising methodology for future advancements. They have been widely explored in delivery systems, demonstrating immense promise and high efficiency for the delivery of numerous biomolecules such as proteins and anticancer agents, either solely or modified with other compounds to enhance their capabilities. In addition, the utilization of NPs extends to antimicrobial studies, where they are used to develop novel antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral formulations with advanced characteristics.

Phytochemical profiling and fractionation of extract versus silver nanoparticle-modified extract: assessment of photoprotective, anti-hemolytic, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties.

Introduction: This study investigates the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using Helianthemum lippii extract and evaluates their photoprotective, anti-hemolytic, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties compared to various extract fractions, including total aqueous extract (AE), flavonoid monoglycosides (FMG), flavonoid diglycosides/triglycosides (FDG/FTG), tannins (TN), and anthocyanins (AC). Helianthemum lippii is rich in bioactive compounds such as caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, and gallic acid, known for their therapeutic potential. This study aims to determine whether embedding these phytochemicals into Ag NPs enhances their biomedical applications compared to the natural extract fractions.

Evidence of the contribution of molecular fluorophores to the luminescence of carbon entities formed by solvothermal treatment of trinitropyrene.

Carbon dots are a subset of carbon nanomaterials with fluorescent properties that render them attractive for various potential applications such as bioimaging and sensing. The past years saw significant progress being made in the understanding of the formation and the underlying fluorescent property. Nevertheless, efforts are still necessary to unravel the formation of carbon dots and the origin of their luminescence, especially for new types of precursor material such as polycyclic aromatic compounds.

Virtual Reality to Improve the Psychological and Physical Well-Being in Cancer Patients: An Umbrella Review.

Background/objectives: Cancer patients often experience psychological and physical symptoms that can significantly impact their quality of life and treatment outcomes. Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a promising complementary approach to standard cancer care. Due to the rapidly evolving nature of VR research in oncology, it seems essential to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge in this field.

Phytochemical profiling and evaluation of compounds targeting Leishmania N-myristoyltransferase: molecular docking, drug-likeness, and toxicity analyses.

Background: has long been recognized for its therapeutic properties against various diseases. Among these is leishmaniasis, a parasitic infection that remains a global health challenge. Targeting Leishmania N-myristoyltransferase (NMT), a crucial enzyme for parasite survival, represents a promising therapeutic approach.

Clinical and Biometric Factors Associated with Prediction Errors Related to Lens Position in Vitrectomized Patients.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate clinical and biometric factors leading to a prediction error related to lens position in pars plana vitrectomy.

Methods: This study was conducted as a consecutive retrospective case series at the Department of Ophthalmology, Montpellier University Hospital. All medical files and PCI biometrical reports from a single surgeon were reviewed from 2017 to 2019.

Neurofeedback for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Importance: Neurofeedback has been proposed for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) but the efficacy of this intervention remains unclear.

Objective: To conduct a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) using probably blinded (ie, rated by individuals probably or certainly unaware of treatment allocation) or neuropsychological outcomes to test the efficacy of neurofeedback as a treatment for ADHD in terms of core symptom reduction and improved neuropsychological outcomes.

Data Sources: PubMed (MEDLINE), Ovid (PsycInfo, MEDLINE, Embase + Embase Classic), and Web of Science, as well as the reference lists of eligible records and relevant systematic reviews, were searched until July 25, 2023, with no language limits.

Ultra-high-resolution 40 keV virtual monoenergetic imaging using spectral photon-counting CT in high-risk patients for coronary stenoses.

Objectives: To assess the image quality of ultra-high-resolution (UHR) virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) at 40 keV compared to 70 keV, using spectral photon-counting CT (SPCCT) and dual-layer dual-energy CT (DECT) for coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA).

Methods And Materials: In this prospective IRB-approved study, 26 high-risk patients were included. CCTA was performed both with an SPCCT in UHR mode and with one of two DECT scanners (iQOn or CT7500) within 3 days.

Multifunctional Dy Complexes with Triphenylmethanolates: Structural Diversity, Luminescence, and Magnetic Relaxation.

The coordination environment of magneto-luminescent Dy-based Single-Molecule Magnets (SMM) is a crucial factor influencing both magnetic and luminescent properties. In this work, we explore how triphenylmethanolate (PhCO), in combination with other ligands, can modulate the structure and, therefore, the magnetic properties of Dy-based SMM. Using triphenylmethanolate in combination with THF and pyridine (Py) as co-ligands, we synthesized a series of mononuclear -[Dy(OCPh)(THF)][BPh]·(2,6-MeCHN) (), -Dy(OCPh)(THF) (), -Dy(OCPh)(py) () and dinuclear [(PhCO)Dy(THF){(μ-Cl)Li(THF)}μ-Cl] () complexes where the Dy ion presents five- or six-coordinate geometries.

Gold Nanoparticles in Nanomedicine: Unique Properties and Therapeutic Potential.

Gold nanoparticles (NPs) have demonstrated significance in several important fields, including drug delivery and anticancer research, due to their unique properties. Gold NPs possess significant optical characteristics that enhance their application in biosensor development for diagnosis, in photothermal and photodynamic therapies for anticancer treatment, and in targeted drug delivery and bioimaging. The broad surface modification possibilities of gold NPs have been utilized in the delivery of various molecules, including nucleic acids, drugs, and proteins.

Gold Nanoparticles: Multifunctional Properties, Synthesis, and Future Prospects.

Gold nanoparticles (NPs) are among the most commonly employed metal NPs in biological applications, with distinctive physicochemical features. Their extraordinary optical properties, stemming from strong localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), contribute to the development of novel approaches in the areas of bioimaging, biosensing, and cancer research, especially for photothermal and photodynamic therapy. The ease of functionalization with various ligands provides a novel approach to the precise delivery of these molecules to targeted areas.

Enhancing therapeutic reasoning: key insights and recommendations for education in prescribing.

Background: Despite efforts to improve undergraduate clinical pharmacology & therapeutics (CPT) education, prescribing errors are still made regularly. To improve CPT education and daily prescribing, it is crucial to understand how therapeutic reasoning works. Therefore, the aim of this study was to gain insight into the therapeutic reasoning process.

Modeling MBR fouling: A critical review analysis towards establishing a framework for good modeling practices.

This study critically analyses filtration process modeling in membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology. More specifically, the variety of approaches and assumptions considered within a curated selection of resistance-in-series (RIS) filtration models found in the literature is critically assessed. Aimed to move towards good filtration process modeling practices, the basis for establishing a unified framework rooted in the fundamentals of membrane fouling is defined in this work, considering fouling classifications, process dynamics, and underlying processes used by different authors for elucidating membrane fouling phenomena.

Sex Pheromone Mediates Resource Partitioning Between and .

The spotted-wing drosophila, and the cosmopolitan vinegar fly feed on soft fruit and berries and widely overlap in geographic range. The presence of reduces egg-laying in , possibly because outcompetes larvae feeding in the same fruit substrate. Flies use pheromones to communicate for mating, but pheromones also serve a role in reproductive isolation between related species.

Antioxidant, Anti-Alzheimer's, anticancer, and cytotoxic properties of peanut oil: , in silico, and GC-MS analysis.

Introduction: Peanut oil is valued for its mild flavor, rich phytochemical content, therapeutic potential, and associated health benefits. This study aims to analyze the chemical composition, antioxidant properties, and anti-Alzheimer's potential of Algerian peanut oil using both experimental and computational approaches. The goal is to evaluate its suitability for pharmaceutical applications, particularly for its antioxidant, anti-Alzheimer, and anticancer properties.