Persistent dysfunctions of brain metabolic connectivity in long-covid with cognitive symptoms.

Purpose: Our study examines brain metabolic connectivity in SARS-CoV-2 survivors during the acute-subacute and chronic phases, aiming to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the persistence of neurological symptoms in long-COVID patients.

Methods: We perfomed a cross-sectional study including 44 patients (pts) with neurological symptoms who underwent FDG-PET scans, and classified to timing infection as follows: acute (7 pts), subacute (17 pts), long-term (20 pts) phases. Interregional correlation analysis (IRCA) and ROI-based IRCA were applied on FDG-PET data to extract metabolic connectivity in resting state networks (ADMN, PDMN, EXN, ATTN, LIN, ASN) of neuro-COVID pts in acute/subacute and long-term groups compared with healthy controls (HCs).

Gut microbiota research nexus: One Health relationship between human, animal, and environmental resistomes.

The emergence and rapid spread of antimicrobial resistance is of global public health concern. The gut microbiota harboring diverse commensal and opportunistic bacteria that can acquire resistance via horizontal and vertical gene transfers is considered an important reservoir and sink of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this review, we describe the reservoirs of gut ARGs and their dynamics in both animals and humans, use the One Health perspective to track the transmission of ARG-containing bacteria between humans, animals, and the environment, and assess the impact of antimicrobial resistance on human health and socioeconomic development.

MiR-181a targets STING to drive PARP inhibitor resistance in BRCA- mutated triple-negative breast cancer and ovarian cancer.

Background: Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are approved for the treatment of BRCA-mutated breast cancer (BC), including triple-negative BC (TNBC) and ovarian cancer (OvCa). A key challenge is to identify the factors associated with PARPi resistance; although, previous studies suggest that platinum-based agents and PARPi share similar resistance mechanisms.

Methods: Olaparib-resistant (OlaR) cell lines were analyzed using HTG EdgeSeq miRNA Whole Transcriptomic Analysis (WTA).

Dynamic patterns of histone lactylation during early tooth development in mice.

Histone lactylation on its lysine (K) residues has been reported to have indispensable roles in lung fibrosis, embryogenesis, neural development, inflammation, and tumors. However, little is known about the lactylation activity towards histone lysine residue during tooth development. We investigated the dynamic patterns of lactate-derived histone lysine lactylation (Kla) using a pan-Kla antibody during murine tooth development, including lower first molar and lower incisor.

Augmentation of BMP Signaling in Cranial Neural Crest Cells Leads to Premature Cranial Sutures Fusion through Endochondral Ossification in Mice.

Craniosynostosis is a congenital anomaly characterized by the premature fusion of cranial sutures. Sutures are a critical connective tissue that regulates bone growth; their aberrant fusion results in abnormal shapes of the head and face. The molecular and cellular mechanisms have been investigated for a long time, but knowledge gaps remain between genetic mutations and mechanisms of pathogenesis for craniosynostosis.

Augmentation of bone morphogenetic protein signaling in cranial neural crest cells in mice deforms skull base due to premature fusion of intersphenoidal synchondrosis.

Craniofacial anomalies (CFAs) are a diverse group of disorders affecting the shapes of the face and the head. Malformation of the cranial base in humans leads CFAs, such as midfacial hypoplasia and craniosynostosis. These patients have significant burdens associated with breathing, speaking, and chewing.

A standalone incompatible insect technique enables mosquito suppression in the urban subtropics.

The strong suppression of Aedes albopictus on two Guangzhou islands in China has been successfully achieved by releasing males with an artificial triple-Wolbachia infection. However, it requires the use of radiation to sterilize residual females to prevent population replacement. To develop a highly effective tool for dengue control, we tested a standalone incompatible insect technique (IIT) to control A.

Facial implant gingival level and thickness changes following maxillary anterior immediate tooth replacement with scarf-connective tissue graft: A 4-13-year retrospective study.

Objective: A scarf-shaped connective tissue graft can be placed at the facial and proximal aspect of the peri-implant soft tissue zone during immediate implant placement and provisionalization (IIPP) procedures in the esthetic zone to optimize implant esthetics without the need of flap reflection. This retrospective study evaluated soft tissue stability after scarf-connective tissue graft (S-CTG) in conjunction with IIPP procedures in the esthetic zone.

Materials And Methods: Patients who received IIPP with S-CTG with a minimum 1-year follow-up were evaluated.

Solutions for surrogacy validation with longitudinal outcomes for a gene therapy.

Valid surrogate endpoints S can be used as a substitute for a true outcome of interest T to measure treatment efficacy in a clinical trial. We propose a causal inference approach to validate a surrogate by incorporating longitudinal measurements of the true outcomes using a mixed modeling approach, and we define models and quantities for validation that may vary across the study period using principal surrogacy criteria. We consider a surrogate-dependent treatment efficacy curve that allows us to validate the surrogate at different time points.

Effect of short-term exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter on repeated lung function measures in infancy: A South African birth cohort.

Background: The developing lung is highly susceptible to environmental toxicants, with both short- and long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants linked to early childhood effects. This study assessed the short-term exposure effects of nitrogen dioxide (NO) and particulate matter (PM) on lung function in infants aged 6 weeks, 6, 12 and 24 months, the early developmental phase of child growth.

Methods: Lung function was determined by multiple breath washout and tidal breathing measurement in non-sedated infants.

Pilot trial using mass field-releases of sterile males produced with the incompatible and sterile insect techniques as part of integrated Aedes aegypti control in Mexico.

Background: The combination of Wolbachia-based incompatible insect technique (IIT) and radiation-based sterile insect technique (SIT) can be used for population suppression of Aedes aegypti. Our main objective was to evaluate whether open-field mass-releases of wAlbB-infected Ae. aegypti males, as part of an Integrated Vector Management (IVM) plan led by the Mexican Ministry of Health, could suppress natural populations of Ae.

How does transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease compare to hematopoietic cell transplantation-associated graft-versus-host disease?

Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD) is a rare life-threatening complication of blood transfusion caused by donor T cells that escape rejection by the recipient immune system. These donor T cells drive recipient tissue damage in response to host antigens. On the other hand, GVHD occurring after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT-GVHD) is also caused by donor T cells, but its pathophysiology is more complex and differs due to the effects of tissue damage caused by pre-HCT conditioning and profound immunosuppression.

Identification of a biological form in the Anopheles stephensi laboratory colony using the odorant-binding protein 1 intron I sequence.

Background: Anopheles stephensi Listen (1901) is a major vector of malaria in Asia and has recently been found in some regions of Africa. The An. stepehnsi species complex is suspected to have three sibling species: type, intermediate, and mysorensis, each with its own vector competence to the malaria parasite and ecology.

Recent Advances of Acute Kidney Injury in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) and is associated with non-relapse mortality (NRM) and quality of life (QOL). Multiple factors may contribute to AKI during allo-HCT and are often present at the same time making it difficult to determine the cause of AKI in each patient. Nephrotoxic drugs, infections, thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), and sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) are well described causes of AKI during allo-HCT.

The visual ecology of selective predation: Are unhealthy hosts less stealthy hosts?

Predators can strongly influence disease transmission and evolution, particularly when they prey selectively on infected hosts. Although selective predation has been observed in numerous systems, why predators select infected prey remains poorly understood. Here, we use a mathematical model of predator vision to test a long-standing hypothesis about the mechanistic basis of selective predation in a -microparasite system, which serves as a model for the ecology and evolution of infectious diseases.

AI in medical physics: guidelines for publication.

The Abstract is intended to provide a concise summary of the study and its scientific findings. For AI/ML applications in medical physics, a problem statement and rationale for utilizing these algorithms are necessary while highlighting the novelty of the approach. A brief numerical description of how the data are partitioned into subsets for training of the AI/ML algorithm, validation (including tuning of parameters), and independent testing of algorithm performance is required.

Female Representation and Academic Leadership in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

Objectives/hypothesis: Despite increasing the numbers of women entering the field, underrepresentation of women in otolaryngology has been reported. In the subspecialty of facial plastic and reconstructive surgery (FPRS), female representation and academic leadership have not been formally characterized. Our study aims to identify female representation and academic leadership roles in FPRS.

The Effect of Radiation on the Gut Bacteriome of .

The sterile insect technique (SIT) has been developed as a component of area-wide integrated pest management approaches to control the populations of , a mosquito vector capable of transmission of dengue, Zika and chikungunya viruses. One of the key factors for the success of SIT is the requirement of high biological quality sterile males, which upon their release would be able to compete with wild males for matings with wild females in the field. In insects, gut bacteriome have played a catalytic role during evolution significantly affecting several aspects of their biology and ecology.

Reinnervation with Selective Nerve Grafting from Multiple Donor Nerves.

Nerve substitution is an important tool in facial reanimation. The goal is to reinnervate the distal facial nerve and musculature using an alternative cranial nerve in order to achieve facial movement, symmetry, and tone. Multiple donor nerves have been used for nerve transfer procedures, the most common being hypoglossal, masseteric, and cross-facial nerve graft.

Abundance and Seasonality of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Two Suburban Localities of South Mexico, With Implications for Wolbachia (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae)-Carrying Male Releases for Population Suppression.

We conducted a baseline characterization of the abundance and seasonality of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762)-a vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika-in two suburban localities of Yucatan, Mexico, as the first step in the implementation of an integrated vector management (IVM) plan combining 'traditional Aedes control' (source reduction/truck-mounted ultra-low volume [ULV] spraying) and incompatible insect technique/sterile insect technique for population suppression in Yucatan, Mexico. Weekly entomological collections with ovitraps and BG-sentinel traps were performed in 1-ha quadrants of both localities for 1 yr. Three distinct periods/phases were identified, closely associated with precipitation: 1) a phase of low population abundance during the dry season (weekly average of Aedes eggs per ovitrap and adults per BG trap = 15.

Addressing the Pandemic Training Deficiency: Filling the Void with Simulation in Facial Reconstruction.

Objective/hypothesis: To assess the use of a three-dimensional (3D) printed, multilayer facial flap model for use in trainee education as an alternative method of teaching surgical techniques of facial reconstruction.

Study Design: Cohort study.

Methods: A 3D printed facial flap simulator was designed from a computed tomography scan and manufactured out of silicone for low-cost, high-fidelity simulation.