Regular nicotine intake increased tooth movement velocity, osteoclastogenesis and orthodontically induced dental root resorptions in a rat model.

Orthodontic forces have been reported to significantly increase nicotine-induced periodontal bone loss. At present, however, it is unknown, which further (side) effects can be expected during orthodontic treatment at a nicotine exposure corresponding to that of an average European smoker. 63 male Fischer344 rats were randomized in three consecutive experiments of 21 animals each (A/B/C) to 3 experimental groups (7 rats, 1/2/3): (A) cone-beam-computed tomography (CBCT); (B) histology/serology; (C) reverse-transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)/cotinine serology-(1) control; (2) orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) of the first and second upper left molar (NiTi closed coil spring, 0.

Meloxicam medication reduces orthodontically induced dental root resorption and tooth movement velocity: a combined in vivo and in vitro study of dental-periodontal cells and tissue.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are used to alleviate pain sensations during orthodontic therapy but are also assumed to interfere with associated pseudo-inflammatory reactions. In particular, the effects of partially selective COX-2 inhibition over the constitutively expressed COX-1 (11:1) on periodontal cells and tissue, as induced by the NSAID meloxicam, remain unclear. We investigate possible adverse side-effects and potentially useful beneficial effects during orthodontic therapy and examine underlying cellular and tissue reactions.

Interactive effects of periodontitis and orthodontic tooth movement on dental root resorption, tooth movement velocity and alveolar bone loss in a rat model.

Background: Many adult orthodontic patients suffer from chronic periodontitis with recurrent episodes of active periodontal inflammation. As their number is steadily increasing, orthodontists are more and more frequently challenged by respective treatment considerations. However, little is currently known regarding interactive effects on undesired dental root resorption (DRR), tooth movement velocity, periodontal bone loss and the underlying cellular and tissue reactions.

Successful treatment of multiple bilateral impactions - a case report.

Background: Successful treatment of patients with multiple bilateral impactions can be an orthodontic challenge, but few reports on treatment planning and execution exist.

Case Presentation: In this case report, we describe the successful orthodontic treatment of a 16.3-year old female patient without systemic or genetic disease with initially nine persisting deciduous and nine impacted permanent teeth with complete root formation and closed apices in both jaws.

Efficacy of fluoride varnish for preventing white spot lesions and gingivitis during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances-a prospective randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: The development of white spot lesions around orthodontic brackets and gingivitis is a common problem during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. This prospective randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial investigated the preventive efficacy of a one-time application of two commonly used fluoride varnishes in patients with low to moderate caries risk.

Materials And Methods: Ninety adolescent orthodontic patients with a low to moderate caries risk were prospectively randomized to three groups of 30 patients each: (1) standardized dental hygiene with fluoride toothpaste and one-time application of placebo varnish (control) or (2) of elmex® fluid or (3) of Fluor Protector S on all dental surfaces at the start of fixed therapy.

Reference genes for valid gene expression studies on rat dental, periodontal and alveolar bone tissue by means of RT-qPCR with a focus on orthodontic tooth movement and periodontitis.

Objectives: To obtain valid results in relative gene/mRNA-expression analyses by RT-qPCR, a careful selection of stable reference genes is required for normalization. Currently there is little information on reference gene stability in dental, periodontal and alveolar bone tissues of the rat, especially regarding orthodontic tooth movement and periodontitis. We therefore aimed to identify the best selection and number of reference genes under these experimental as well as physiological conditions.

Short-term effects of systematic premolar extraction on lip profile, vertical dimension and cephalometric parameters in borderline patients for extraction therapy--a retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: The belief of many orthodontists that premolar extraction therapy leads to a loss of vertical dimension and an aggravated facial profile often predetermines a non-extraction approach. We investigated the short-term effects of systematic premolar extraction in borderline cases for extraction therapy on dentofacial parameters, especially vertical dimension and facial profile.

Materials And Methods: Of 50 juvenile borderline cases for extraction treatment with a distinct sagittal overjet of 6-9 mm and dental crowding of >6 mm, 25 had all first premolars extracted, whereas the 25 control patients received non-extraction orthodontic treatment with corresponding fixed and removable appliances.

Methodological accuracy of digital and manual model analysis in orthodontics - A retrospective clinical study.

Introduction: Computer-based digital orthodontic models are available for clinicians, supplemented by dedicated software for performing required diagnostic measurements. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of measurements made on three-dimensional digital models obtained with a CBCT-scanner (DigiModel™, OrthoProof(®), Nieuwegin, The Netherlands).

Methods: 66 orthodontic dental casts of primary and early mixed dentitions were selected.

Standardization of laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: a structured international expert consensus.

Objective: To establish a structured international expert consensus on a detailed technical description of the laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (TME).

Background: Laparoscopic TME is a common surgical approach for the treatment of rectal cancer, but there is little agreement on technical details and standards.

Methods: Sixty leading surgical experts from 5 different world regions with a median overall experience of 250 laparoscopic TME participated in this study.

Association of dentoskeletal morphology with incisor inclination in angle class II patients: a retrospective cephalometric study.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to identify possible dentoskeletal parameters associated with variation of anterior tooth inclination in Angle Class II subdivisions.

Methods: Pre-treatment lateral radiographs of 144 Class II patients (68 males, 76 females) aged 9 to 17 years were classified for upper incisor inclination into three groups (proclined, normally inclined, retroclined) homogeneous for gender and skeletal jaw relationship. The effect of age on the 22 cephalometric variables was controlled by covariance analysis.

Diclofenac inhibits lactate formation and efficiently counteracts local immune suppression in a murine glioma model.

Lactate formation in highly proliferative tumors such as malignant gliomas is associated with poor survival and contributes to the suppression of local immunity. Here, we report that diclofenac used at nontoxic concentrations significantly decreased lactate production in murine glioma cells and inhibited the expression of lactate dehydrogenase-A in vitro. Lactate reduction was accompanied by a dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth and a cell cycle arrest at the G2/M checkpoint.

An Investigation about the Influence of Bleaching on Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets and on Enamel Colour.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of bleaching on the colouration of tooth enamel and shear bond strength of orthodontic ceramic brackets based upon current whitening practice. The bleaching and bonding techniques were performed on extracted bovine teeth for the investigation of their colorimetric spectrum and the adhesive bond strength on surface enamel. One group was designated as the control group with no pre-treatment.

Effect of excessive methionine on the development of the cranial growth plate in newborn rats.

Objective: Methionine is an essential amino acid and pivotal for normal growth and development. However, previous animal studies have shown that excessive maternal intake of methionine causes growth restrictions, organ damages, and abnormal growth of the mandible in newborn animals. However, the effect of excessive methionine on the development of the cranial growth plate is unknown.

Evaluation of alternative polymer bracket materials.

Introduction: Polymer brackets still have some disadvantages because of decreased wear resistance and hardness. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanical properties of alternative bracket polymers; urethane-dimethacrylate, high-density polyethylene, and an experimental bracket polymer (EBP) consisting of polyethylene and a copolymer were tested. Polycarbonate and polyoxymethylene brackets served as controls.

Polymorphisms within epithelial receptors: NOD2/CARD15.

Genetic risk assessment in the setting of allogeneic stem cell transplantation is one of the major goals to optimise future prophylaxis and treatment of patients: our group has focused on analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the intracytoplasmatic receptor NOD2/CARD15, which recognizes the bacterial cell wall compound muramyl-dipeptide and induces nuclear factor-kappaB-mediated inflammation. By performing TaqMan PCR of the three major SNPs also identified as risk factors in Crohn's disease in donors and recipients, we were able to demonstrate a major association of NOD2/CARD15 SNPs with the occurrence of severe graft-vs-host disease and resulting treatment-related mortality following human leukocyte antigen-identical sibling transplantation. Although these data need confirmation in further prospective trials, this association may not only be used for risk assessment but also point to a major pathophysiological interaction of dysregulated activation of the innate immune system and specific alloreaction.