Physiological versus time based cord clamping in very preterm infants (ABC3): a parallel-group, multicentre, randomised, controlled superiority trial.

Background: Physiological-based cord clamping (PBCC) in preterm infants is beneficial for cardiovascular transition at birth and may optimize placental transfusion. Whether PBCC can improve clinical outcomes is unknown. The aim of the Aeration, Breathing, Clamping (ABC3) trial was to test whether PBCC results in improved intact survival in very preterm infants.

The influence of cardiac substructure dose on survival in a large lung cancer stereotactic radiotherapy cohort using a robust personalized contour analysis.

Background/purpose: Radiation-induced cardiac toxicity in lung cancer patients has received increased attention since RTOG 0617. However, large cohort studies with accurate cardiac substructure (CS) contours are lacking, limiting our understanding of the potential influence of individual CSs. Here, we analyse the correlation between CS dose and overall survival (OS) while accounting for deep learning (DL) contouring uncertainty, uncertainty and different modelling approaches.

Spotlight on the 2024 ESC/EACTS management of atrial fibrillation guidelines: 10 novel key aspects.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) remains the most common cardiac arrhythmia worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) have recently released the 2024 guidelines for the management of AF. This review highlights 10 novel aspects of the ESC/EACTS 2024 Guidelines.

Nosocomial transmission of NDM-1-containing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST147 in a Dutch pediatric oncology center associated with patients from Ukraine.

We studied nosocomial transmission of multidrug-resistant bla-containing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST147 in a Dutch pediatric oncology center. Whole-genome multilocus sequence typing revealed two genetic clusters consisting of 2 and 5 K. pneumoniae isolates, both from Ukrainian medical evacuees and Dutch patients.

Advancing the network theory of mental disorders: A computational model of panic disorder.

The network theory of psychopathology posits that mental disorders are systems of mutually reinforcing symptoms. This framework has proven highly generative but does not specify precisely how any specific mental disorder operates as such a system. Cognitive behavioral theories of mental disorders provide considerable insight into how these systems may operate.

Development of a Caco-2-based intestinal mucosal model to study intestinal barrier properties and bacteria-mucus interactions.

The intestinal mucosal barrier is a dynamic system that allows nutrient uptake, stimulates healthy microbe-host interactions, and prevents invasion by pathogens. The mucosa consists of epithelial cells connected by cellular junctions that regulate the passage of nutrients covered by a mucus layer that plays an important role in host-microbiome interactions. Mimicking the intestinal mucosa for assays, particularly the generation of a mucus layer, has proven to be challenging.

Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation guided by three-dimensional rotational angiography.

Objectives: To describe the workflow and value of three-dimensional rotational angiography (3DRA) in percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI).

Background: 3DRA offers visualization of the entire topography in the chest and may enhance safety and reduce the risk for complications in PPVI through improved pre-procedural planning and per-procedural guidance.

Methods: All PPVI procedures with the use of 3DRA performed between August 2011 and December 2022 were reviewed.

Surviving transition: A qualitative case study on how families adapt as their youth with medical complexity transitions from child to adult systems of care.

Background: A growing population of youth with medical complexity (YMC) are entering adult health care, education, and social systems in which their needs have been largely neglected. To better support YMC and their families, an understanding of how they manage the challenges of transitioning to adult services is needed. The aim of this study was to examine how families of YMC adapt to challenges and opportunities posed by the youth's transition to adulthood and transfer to adult services.

Country-Specific Roadmaps for Scaling Up Integrated Care in Belgium, Slovenia, and Cambodia - Lessons Learned from the SCUBY Project.

Introduction: The SCUBY project aimed to provide knowledge on the scaling-up of an Integrated Care Package (ICP) for type 2 diabetes and hypertension across three distinct health systems (Cambodia, Slovenia, and Belgium). Here, we analyse the different elements of the country-specific scale-up roadmaps to identify similarities and differences, and share lessons learned.

Methods: Thematic analysis was used to derive crucial roadmap elements from key SCUBY documents (n = 20), including policy briefs, interim reports, research outputs, and consortium meeting notes.

Unravelling the mechanisms causing murepavadin resistance in : lipopolysaccharide alterations and its consequences.

Introduction: Murepavadin is an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) in clinical development that selectively targets LptD and whose resistance profile remains unknown. We aimed to explore genomic modifications and consequences underlying murepavadin and/or colistin susceptibility.

Methods: To define genomic mechanisms underlying resistance, we performed two approaches: 1) a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a clinical collection (n=496), considering >0.

Changes in blood biomarkers correlate with changes in cardiac size and function in patients with tetralogy of Fallot.

Introduction: Patients after surgical correction of Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) often show adverse cardiac remodeling. To better understand the underlying biological processes, we studied the relation between changes in blood biomarkers and changes in biventricular size and function as assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR).

Methods: This study included 50 ToF patients, who underwent blood biomarker and CMR analysis at least twice between 2002 and 2018.

Robotic Versus Laparoscopic Liver Resection: A Nationwide Propensity Score Matched Analysis.

Objective: To compare nationwide outcomes of robotic liver resection (RLR) with laparoscopic liver resection (LLR).

Background: Minimally invasive liver resection is increasingly performed using the robotic approach as this could help overcome inherent technical limitations of laparoscopy. It is unknown if this translates to improved patient outcomes.

Rethinking Biomedical Titanium Alloy Design: A Review of Challenges from Biological and Manufacturing Perspectives.

Current biomedical titanium alloys have been repurposed from other industries, which has contributed to several biologically driven implant failure mechanisms. This review highlights the added value that may be gained by building an appreciation of implant biological responses at the onset of alloy design. Specifically, the fundamental mechanisms associated with immune response, angiogenesis, osseointegration and the potential threat of infection are discussed, including how elemental selection can modulate these pivotal systems.

A Deep Intronic Splice Variant in COL1A1 Causing Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type II.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare disease, hallmarked by bone fragility, multiple fractures, and deformities, and is commonly caused by pathogenic variants in the genes encoding type I collagen. Type II OI is the most severe form and is lethal in the perinatal period. Here, we report recurrence of perinatal lethal OI in two fetuses due to parental mosaicism for a deep intronic pathogenic variant at c.

A hitchhiker's guide to single-cell epigenomics: Methods and applications for cancer research.

Genetic mutations are well known to influence tumorigenesis, tumor progression, treatment response and relapse, but the role of epigenetic variation in cancer progression is still largely unexplored. The lack of epigenetic understanding in cancer evolution is in part due to the limited availability of methods to examine such a heterogeneous disease. However, in the last decade the development of several single-cell methods to profile diverse chromatin features (chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, DNA methylation, etc.

European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline for melanoma. Part 2: Treatment - Update 2024.

A unique collaboration of multi-disciplinary experts from the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO), the European Dermatology Forum (EDF), and the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) was formed to make recommendations on cutaneous melanoma diagnosis and treatment, based on systematic literature reviews and the experts' experience. Cutaneous melanomas are excised with one to two-centimeter safety margins. For a correct stage classification and treatment decision, a sentinel lymph node biopsy shall be offered in patients with tumor thickness ≥ 1.

Protocol for genome-wide analysis of somatic variants at single-cell resolution using primary template-directed DNA amplification.

The study of somatic mutations in single cells provides insights into aging and carcinogenesis, which is complicated by the dependency on whole-genome amplification (WGA). Here, we describe a detailed workflow starting from single-cell isolation to WGA by primary template-directed amplification (PTA), sequencing, quality control, and downstream analyses. A machine learning approach, the PTA Analysis Toolkit (PTATO), is used to filter the hundreds to thousands of artificial variants induced by WGA from true mutations at high sensitivity and accuracy.

Associations between momentary mental states and concurrent social functioning after remission from first episode psychosis: A HAMLETT ecological momentary assessment study.

Background: Symptom severity and social functioning are important outcomes after first episode psychosis (FEP), yet current evidence about associations between them is inconsistent and lacks (subclinical) momentary insights.

Methods: The current Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) study was conducted in 58 people in remission from FEP, as part of the HAMLETT (Handling Antipsychotic Medication: Long-term Evaluation of Targeted Treatment) trial. At baseline, participants were prompted to report momentary mental states and social context 10x/day for eight consecutive days, including psychotic experiences (PEs), motivation/drive and negative affect, that may indicate proxies of (subclinical) psychotic, negative and general affective symptoms, respectively.

Does the treatment modality affect nosocomial pneumonia and other in-hospital outcomes in patients with combined injuries to the ribs and clavicle? A propensity score weighted analysis of a retrospective cohort.

Objective: What is the effect of surgical or conservative treatment on the in-hospital outcomes of patients with combined fractures of the clavicle and ribs?

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Two level-1 trauma centers and academic teaching hospitals in Boston, Massachusetts.

Patients: All adult patients with a clavicle fracture and ≥3 rib fractures admitted from 2016 to 2021.

Development and validation of a gonadotropin dose selection model for optimized ovarian stimulation in IVF/ICSI: an individual participant data meta-analysis.

Background: The ovarian response to gonadotropin stimulation varies widely among women, and could impact the probability of live birth as well as treatment risks. Many studies have evaluated the impact of different gonadotropin starting doses, mainly based on predictive variables like ovarian reserve tests (ORT) including anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), antral follicle count (AFC), and basal follicle-stimulating hormone (bFSH). A Cochrane systematic review revealed that individualizing the gonadotropin starting dose does not affect efficacy in terms of ongoing pregnancy/live birth rates, but may reduce treatment risks such as the development of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS).

A novel 3D image registration technique for augmented reality vision in minimally invasive thoracoscopic pulmonary segmentectomy.

Purpose: In this feasibility study, we aimed to create a dedicated pulmonary augmented reality (AR) workflow to enable a semi-automated intraoperative overlay of the pulmonary anatomy during video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) or robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS).

Methods: Initially, the stereoscopic cameras were calibrated to obtain the intrinsic camera parameters. Intraoperatively, stereoscopic images were recorded and a 3D point cloud was generated from these images.

A Systematic Review of Challenges and Opportunities in the Implementation of Managed Entry Agreements for Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products.

Purpose: Managed Entry Agreements (MEAs) are agreements between firms and competent authorities for pricing and reimbursement, designed to enable coverage of new medicines while managing uncertainties around their financial impact or performance. Although these agreements can facilitate patient access, their complexity and costs seem to dampen enthusiasm for implementation. Nevertheless, MEAs remain a potential route, particularly for high-cost drugs with uncertain value claims.

Uncomplicated Type B Aortic Dissection - A European Multicentre Cross-Sectional Evaluation.

Objectives: A multicentre European randomized control trial - European Uncomplicated Type B Aortic Repair (EU-TBAR) is being developed to compare pre-emptive TEVAR with custom-made devices vs conventional OMT. The pre-trial set-up is confluent on different pillars, including evaluation of 1) European activity, trends, and governance, 2) outcome reporting, and 3) cost evaluation. This article aimed to demonstrate the observational cross-sectional survey results from participating centres and highlight the risk assessment, activity, practices, and governance of uncomplicated type B aortic dissection (uTBAD).

The role of the psychedelic experience in psilocybin treatment for treatment-resistant depression.

Objective: To determine the relationships between psilocybin dose, psychedelic experiences, and therapeutic outcome in treatment-resistant depression.

Methods: For treatment-resistant depression, 233 participants received a single dose of 25, 10, or 1 mg of COMP360 psilocybin (a proprietary, pharmaceutical-grade synthesized psilocybin formulation, developed by the sponsor, Compass Pathfinder Ltd.) with psychological support.

Generation and characterization of novel induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines derived from three symptomatic carriers of a pathogenic MYH11 variant and two non-carrier relatives.

A novel pathogenic variant in the MYH11 gene (c.4559+1G>A) leading to exon 32 skipping, is a rare cause of familial aortic aneurysms and dissections (fTAAD). The phenotype has proven highly variable with reduced penetrance.