Inhaled GM-CSF administered during ongoing pneumovirus infection alters myeloid and CD8 T cell immunity without affecting disease outcome.

Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a pleiotropic cytokine, able to promote both myelopoiesis and activation of immune cells. Particularly in the lung, GM-CSF plays an important homeostatic role in the development and maintenance of alveolar macrophages, and is therefore considered to play a role in respiratory virus infections such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2, although the benefits of GM-CSF treatment in clinical studies remain inconclusive. To address this, we tested inhaled GM-CSF treatment in the Pneumonia Virus of Mice (PVM) mouse model.

Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Vitamin D in Kawasaki Disease and Its Interplay with the COVID-19.

Several studies have reported outbreaks of Kawasaki disease among children amid the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Vitamin D possesses high utility in modulating the immune system to repair and prevent severe inflammation in COVID-19. This study aims to explore the association between Kawasaki disease and vitamin D levels in pediatric patients and describe the potential role of vitamin D in promoting recovery and preventing complications associated with Kawasaki disease in pediatric patients with COVID-19.

International expert consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (arginine vasopressin resistance).

Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI; also known as arginine vasopressin resistance) is a rare inherited disorder of water homeostasis, caused by insensitivity of the distal nephron to arginine vasopressin. Consequently, the kidney loses its ability to concentrate urine, which leads to polyuria, polydipsia and the risk of hypertonic dehydration. The diagnosis and management of NDI are very challenging and require an integrated, multidisciplinary approach.

Cardiovascular Risk Scores and Migraine Status.

Importance: A previous cohort study in the US found that women with higher cardiovascular risk were more likely to have a history of migraine but less likely to have active migraine. Extrapolating these results to men and European individuals is crucial to understanding the complex association between migraine activity status and vascular health in other populations.

Objective: To evaluate the association pattern between a cardiovascular risk score, the most recent European version of the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation 2 (SCORE2) risk estimation system, and migraine activity status in Dutch men and women.

The biological basis for current treatment strategies for granulomatous disease in common variable immunodeficiency.

Purpose Of Review: The pathogenesis of granulomatous disease in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is still largely unknown, which hampers effective treatment. This review describes the current knowledge on the pathogenesis of granuloma formation in CVID and the biological basis of the current treatment options.

Recent Findings: Histological analysis shows that T and B cells are abundantly present in the granulomas that are less well organized and are frequently associated with lymphoid hyperplasia.

Clinical characteristics and survival outcomes of patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma treated with high-dose methotrexate-based polychemotherapy and consolidation therapies.

Given the rarity of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), evaluations of different high-dose methotrexate-(HD-MTX)-based treatment regimens is sparse. This retrospective, multicenter study evaluates clinical characteristics and outcomes (progression-free, overall and disease-specific survival) after five HD-MTX-based polychemotherapeutic regimens and two consolidation therapies. 346 patients with histologically confirmed PCNSL, treated with ≥ 1 cycle HD-MTX-based strategies (≥3g/m/cycle) were included.

A Core set of patient-reported outcome measures to measure quality of life in obesity treatment research.

The lack of standardization in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) has made measurement and comparison of quality of life (QoL) outcomes in research focused on obesity treatment challenging. This study reports on the results of the second and third global multidisciplinary Standardizing Quality of life measures in Obesity Treatment (S.Q.

Early childhood family threat and longitudinal amygdala-mPFC circuit development: Examining cortical thickness and gray matter-white matter contrast.

Early threat-associated cortical thinning may be interpreted as accelerated cortical development. However, non-adaptive processes may show similar macrostructural changes. Examining cortical thickness (CT) together with grey/white-matter contrast (GWC), a proxy for intracortical myelination, may enhance the interpretation of CT findings.

5/6 Nephrectomy impairs acute kaliuretic responses and predisposes to postprandial hyperkalemia.

The susceptibility of patients with chronic kidney disease to develop postprandial hyperkalemia suggests alterations in normal kidney sodium (Na) and potassium (K) handling, but the exact nature of these changes is largely unknown. To address this, we analyzed the natriuretic and kaliuretic responses to diuretics and acute K loading in rats who underwent 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6Nx) and compared this with the response in sham-operated rats. The natriuretic and kaliuretic responses to furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, and amiloride were largely similar between 5/6Nx and sham rats except for a significantly reduced kaliuretic response to hydrochlorothiazide in 5/6Nx rats.

Reference formulas for chest CT-derived lobar volumes in the lung-healthy general population.

Introduction: Lung hyperinflation, a key contributor to dyspnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), can be quantified via chest computed tomography (CT). Establishing reference equations for lobar volumes and total lung volume (TLV) can aid in evaluating lobar hyperinflation, especially for targeted lung volume reduction therapies.

Methods: The Imaging in Lifelines study (ImaLife) comprises 11,729 participants aged 45 and above with analyzed inspiratory low-dose thoracic CT scans.

Co-creation and implementation of a healthy lunch at Dutch primary schools in disadvantaged neighbourhoods: design of a cluster randomised cross-over effectiveness study.

Introduction: The majority of children fails to have a healthy diet. Providing a healthy lunch at school is a way to target all children, regardless of ethnic and socioeconomic background. This study aims to investigate the effectivity and feasibility of a co-created healthy school lunch in disadvantaged neighbourhoods of the city of Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Impact of Serum Phosphate on Hemoglobin Level: A Longitudinal Analysis on a Large Cohort of Dialysis Patients.

: Phosphate is a macro-element involved in all cellular energetic processes. As about 90% of the phosphate filtered by the glomerulus is excreted by kidneys, the impairment of renal function and the consequent over-secretion of parathyroid hormone and fibroblast growth factor 23 results in the increase in the serum phosphate levels. The association between phosphate and hemoglobin is controversial, as both direct and indirect relationships have been reported.