Sample efficient approaches in time-resolved X-ray serial crystallography and complementary X-ray emission spectroscopy using drop-on-demand tape-drive systems.

Dynamic structural biology enables studying biological events at the atomic scale from 10's of femtoseconds to a few seconds duration. With the advent of X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs) and 4th generation synchrotrons, serial crystallography is becoming a major player for time-resolved experiments in structural biology. Despite significant progress, challenges such as obtaining sufficient amounts of protein to produce homogeneous microcrystal slurry, remain.

Kinematic coding: Measuring information in naturalistic behaviour.

Recent years have seen an explosion of interest in naturalistic behaviour and in machine learning tools for automatically tracking it. However, questions about what to measure, how to measure it, and how to relate naturalistic behaviour to neural activity and cognitive processes remain unresolved. In this Perspective, we propose a general experimental and computational framework - kinematic coding - for measuring how information about cognitive states is encoded in structured patterns of behaviour and how this information is read out by others during social interactions.

Possibilities, usage and needs of an app-based health prevention among seafarers.

The present study analyses the technical requirements as well as the user behaviour of seafarers for an app-based health prevention, including apps for wellness, prevention, fitness, medical care and mental well-being. In a maritime field study 976 seafarers on 65 merchant ships participated in the survey carried out with a questionnaire. The vast majority (98.

Impact of Overnight Storage of Human Atrial Myocytes on Intracellular Calcium Homeostasis and Electrophysiological Utility.

Human atrial myocytes afford an attractive experimental model to investigate mechanisms underlying electrophysiological alterations in cardiovascular disease. However, this model presents limitations, such as the availability of human atrial tissue and a variable yield of myocytes isolation. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether overnight storage can increase the time window where the electrophysiological properties of human atrial myocytes can be determined.

Key Proteins for Regeneration in : Transcriptomic Insights From Aged and Juvenile Limbs.

The axolotl, known for its remarkable regenerative abilities, is an excellent model for studying regenerative therapies. Nevertheless, the precise molecular mechanisms governing its regenerative potential remain uncertain. In this study, we collected samples from axolotls of different ages, including 8-year-old individuals and 8-month-old juveniles, obtaining their blastemas 10 days after amputation.

Iron transport pathways in the human malaria parasite revealed by RNA-sequencing.

Host iron deficiency is protective against severe malaria as the human malaria parasite depends on bioavailable iron from its host to proliferate. The essential pathways of iron acquisition, storage, export, and detoxification in the parasite differ from those in humans, as orthologs of the mammalian transferrin receptor, ferritin, or ferroportin, and a functional heme oxygenase are absent in . Thus, the proteins involved in these processes may be excellent targets for therapeutic development, yet remain largely unknown.

An analysis of intersectional disparities in alcohol consumption in the US.

Alcohol is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths in the United States (US). Prior research has demonstrated that alcohol consumption and related mortality are socially patterned; however, no study has investigated intersectional disparities in alcohol consumption, i.e.

Plasma p-tau181 and GFAP reflect 7T MR-derived changes in Alzheimer's disease: A longitudinal study of structural and functional MRI and MRS.

Background: Associations between longitudinal changes of plasma biomarkers and cerebral magnetic resonance (MR)-derived measurements in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain unclear.

Methods: In a study population (n = 127) of healthy older adults and patients within the AD continuum, we examined associations between longitudinal plasma amyloid beta 42/40 ratio, tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau181), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and 7T structural and functional MR imaging and spectroscopy using linear mixed models.

Results: Increases in both p-tau181 and GFAP showed the strongest associations to 7T MR-derived measurements, particularly with decreasing parietal cortical thickness, decreasing connectivity of the salience network, and increasing neuroinflammation as determined by MR spectroscopy (MRS) myo-inositol.

General and dermatological population's use and acceptance of digital health in Germany - a representative survey.

Background And Objectives: Adoption and acceptance of digital health services (DHS) in the German population and in persons with skin diseases is unclear. Both factors were analyzed in this survey.

Methods: A standardized survey with items on digital competences and attitudes, use and acceptance of DHS was applied to a representative sample of the German adult population.

Evaluating Seismocardiography as a Non-Exercise Method for Estimating Maximal Oxygen Uptake.

Background: The value of maximal oxygen uptake (VO) is a key health indicator. Usually, VO is determined with cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), which is cumbersome and time-consuming, making it impractical in many testing scenarios. The aim of this study is to validate a novel seismocardiography sensor (Seismofit, VentriJect DK, Hellerup, Denmark) for non-exercise estimation of VO.

Socioeconomic disparities in Plasmodium falciparum infection risk in Southern Malawi: mediation analyses.

This study investigated the mediators of the association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) infection in Southern region of Malawi. We utilized data from the 2014 International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research (ICEMR) surveys from Malawi in which blood samples of all individuals from selected households in Blantyre, Thyolo and Chikhwawa were tested for Pf parasitemia. We assessed household SEP and potential mediators - housing quality, food security, education status of household heads, and use of long-lasting Insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) and nutritional status.

Identification of Cannabidiolic and Cannabigerolic Acids as MTDL AChE, BuChE, and BACE-1 Inhibitors Against Alzheimer's Disease by In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Studies.

Cannabidiolic (CBDA) and cannabigerolic (CBGA) acids are naturally occurring compounds from Cannabis sativa plant, previously identified by us as dual PPARα/γ agonists. Since the development of multitarget-directed ligands (MTDL) represents a valuable strategy to alleviate and slow down the progression of multifactorial diseases, we evaluated the potential ability of CBDA and CBGA to also inhibit enzymes involved in the modulation of the cholinergic tone and/or β-amyloid production. A multidisciplinary approach based on computational and biochemical studies was pursued on selected enzymes, followed by behavioral and electrophysiological experiments in an AD mouse model.

Efficient enzyme-free isolation of brain-derived extracellular vesicles.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained significant attention as pathology mediators and potential diagnostic tools for neurodegenerative diseases. However, isolation of brain-derived EVs (BDEVs) from tissue remains challenging, often involving enzymatic digestion steps that may compromise the integrity of EV proteins and overall functionality. Here, we describe that collagenase digestion, commonly used for BDEV isolation, produces undesired protein cleavage of EV-associated proteins in brain tissue homogenates and cell-derived EVs.

Initial construct stability of long cephalomedullary nails with superior locking for a complex trochanteric fracture model AO31A2.2- a biomechanical study.

Background: Complex fractures of the trochanteric region, as well as fractures located in the directly subtrochanteric region, are controversially discussed around the world regarding the nail type to be used. A long nail is recommended by manufacturers but requires longer surgical and fluoroscopy times. A possible solution could be a nail with an appropriate length which can be locked in a minimally invasive manner by the main aiming device.

Cortical norepinephrine-astrocyte signaling critically mediates learned behavior.

Updating behavior based on feedback from the environment is a crucial means by which organisms learn and develop optimal behavioral strategies. Norepinephrine (NE) release from the locus coeruleus (LC) has been shown to mediate learned behaviors such that in a task with graded stimulus uncertainty and performance, a high level of NE released after an unexpected outcome causes improvement in subsequent behavior. Yet, how the transient activity of LC-NE neurons, lasting tens of milliseconds, influences behavior several seconds later, is unclear.