Inflammatory biomarkers profiles and cognition among older adults.

Inflammation plays a major role in cognitive aging. Most studies on peripheral inflammation and cognitive aging focused on selected major inflammatory biomarkers. However, inflammatory markers are regulated and influenced by each other, and it is therefore important to consider a more comprehensive panel of markers to better capture diverse immune pathways and characterize the overall inflammatory profile of individuals.

Metabolism-driven chromatin dynamics: Molecular principles and technological advances.

Cells integrate metabolic information into core molecular processes such as transcription to adapt to environmental changes. Chromatin, the physiological template of the eukaryotic genome, has emerged as a sensor and rheostat for fluctuating intracellular metabolites. In this review, we highlight the growing list of chromatin-associated metabolites that are derived from diverse sources.

A tale of two strands: Decoding chromatin replication through strand-specific sequencing.

DNA replication, a fundamental process in all living organisms, proceeds with continuous synthesis of the leading strand by DNA polymerase ε (Pol ε) and discontinuous synthesis of the lagging strand by polymerase δ (Pol δ). This inherent asymmetry at each replication fork necessitates the development of methods to distinguish between these two nascent strands in vivo. Over the past decade, strand-specific sequencing strategies, such as enrichment and sequencing of protein-associated nascent DNA (eSPAN) and Okazaki fragment sequencing (OK-seq), have become essential tools for studying chromatin replication in eukaryotic cells.

Revitalizing Innovation: Addressing the Effects of the Downturn in Venture Capital for Cardiovascular Devices.

Venture capital (VC) plays a critical role in driving advancements in medical device innovations through its investment in early-stage companies. However, a concerning trend has emerged over the past decade: a decline in interest from VC funds toward investing in medical devices. Particularly alarming is the more than 50% decrease in investment in early-stage medical device development over the span of 2 decades.

A Framework for Behavioral Health Integration in the Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE).

Background: The Program of All-inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) is a comprehensive care model that aims to promote aging in the home and community for older adults who are nursing-home eligible needs-wise. Older adults experience age-related barriers to accessing behavioral health (BH) services. PACE programs play an important role in providing all-inclusive health care for individuals over 55 who are dually eligible for Medicaid and Medicare.

Intentions to Use PrEP Among a National Sample of Transgender and Gender-Expansive Youth and Emerging Adults: Examining Gender Minority Stress, Substance Use, and Gender Affirmation.

Transgender and gender-expansive young people, ages 13-24 years, experience disproportionate HIV risk yet are among those with the lowest US PrEP uptake rates (< 10%). Factors influencing PrEP outcomes for this population are poorly understood. This study examines the effects of gender minority stressors, gender affirmation, and heavy substance use on their PrEP outcomes using data from the CDC's 2018 START study (N = 972).

Recommendations for mitochondria transfer and transplantation nomenclature and characterization.

Intercellular mitochondria transfer is an evolutionarily conserved process in which one cell delivers some of their mitochondria to another cell in the absence of cell division. This process has diverse functions depending on the cell types involved and physiological or disease context. Although mitochondria transfer was first shown to provide metabolic support to acceptor cells, recent studies have revealed diverse functions of mitochondria transfer, including, but not limited to, the maintenance of mitochondria quality of the donor cell and the regulation of tissue homeostasis and remodelling.

Racial discrimination among women seeking breast cancer care.

Discrimination can contribute to worse health outcomes, but its prevalence in breast cancer is not well studied. We aimed to understand how women with stage I-III breast cancer faced discrimination in health care and everyday settings through the Everyday Discrimination Scale, cross-sectional survey. 296 women, 178 (60%) Non-Hispanic White (NHW), 76 (26%) Non-Hispanic Black (NHB), and 42 (14%) Hispanic participated.

PET/CT with Myocardial Blood Flow Assessment Is Prognostic of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy Progression and Clinical Outcomes.

Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) causes impaired blood flow in both epicardial vessels and microvasculature and remains a leading cause of posttransplant morbidity and mortality. This study examined the prognostic value and outcomes of CAV, assessed by N-ammonia PET/CT myocardial perfusion imaging in heart transplant recipients. PET/CT and invasive coronary angiography (ICA) were graded using validated scales.

Muscle-derived myostatin is a major endocrine driver of follicle-stimulating hormone synthesis.

Myostatin is a paracrine myokine that regulates muscle mass in a variety of species, including humans. In this work, we report a functional role for myostatin as an endocrine hormone that directly promotes pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) synthesis and thereby ovarian function in mice. Previously, this FSH-stimulating role was attributed to other members of the transforming growth factor-β family, the activins.

Dietary Inflammatory Score and Incident Heart Failure in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study.

Background: Inflammation plays a key role in the development of heart failure (HF), and diet is a known modifiable factor that modulates systemic inflammation. The dietary inflammatory score (DIS) is a tool to quantify the inflammatory components of diet. We sought to determine whether the DIS is associated with incident HF events.

The role of the hippocampus in working memory and word reading: Novel neural correlates of reading among youth living in the context of economic disadvantage.

A left-lateralized cortical reading circuit underlies successful reading and fails to engage in individuals with reading problems. Studies identifying this circuit included youth from economically advantaged backgrounds and focused on cortical, not subcortical, structures. However, among youth with low scores on reading tests who are living in the context of economic disadvantage, this brain network is actively engaged during reading, despite persistent reading problems.

Infant regulatory problems and the quality of dyadic emotional connection-a proof-of-concept study in a multilingual sample.

Background And Aims: Close autonomic emotional connections with others help infants reach and maintain homoeostasis. In recent years, infant regulatory problems (RPs, i.e.

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the universal Welch Emotional Connection Screen using primary and bilingual Spanish-speaking coders of videotaped mother-child interactions.

Introduction: Using clear explicit translatable language, we translated the Welch Emotional Connection Screen into a new universal language instrument, the . In this study, we had two aims: Aim 1 was to establish of the uWECS by comparing scores coded by primary Spanish-speaking coders using the Spanish translation of the uWECS to scores coded by bilingual, secondary Spanish-speaking coders using the oWECS. Aim 2 was to establish the in terms of oWECS and uWECS performance in tracking change in autonomic emotional connection (AEC) during the course of an intervention among preschool aged children.

Intranasally administrated fusion-inhibitory lipopeptides block SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice and enable long-term protective immunity.

We have assessed antiviral activity and induction of protective immunity of fusion-inhibitory lipopeptides derived from the C-terminal heptad-repeat domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein in transgenic mice expressing human ACE2 (K18-hACE2). The lipopeptides block SARS-CoV-2 infection in cell lines and lung-derived organotypic cultures. Intranasal administration in mice allows the maintenance of homeostatic transcriptomic immune profile in lungs, prevents body-weight loss, decreases viral load and shedding, and protects mice from death caused by SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Psychometric Evaluation of the Scleroderma Skin Questionnaire: A Novel Patient Reported Outcome for Skin Disease in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis.

Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Scleroderma Skin Questionnaire (SSQ), a novel patient-reported outcome (PRO) to assess systemic sclerosis (SSc) related skin symptoms.

Methods: The SSQ was administered to 799 adults (mean age 52.7; 82% female) enrolled in the SSc Collaborative National Quality and Efficacy Registry (CONQUER).

A Live Video Resiliency Dyadic Intervention for Persons With Dementia and Their Care-Partners Early After Diagnosis: Protocol for Open Pilot of Resilient Together for Dementia.

Background: Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRDs) are increasingly common progressive conditions that have a substantial impact on individuals and their primary care partners-together described as a dyad. The stressors experienced by dyad members at around the time of ADRD diagnosis commonly produce clinically elevated emotional distress (ie, depression and anxiety symptoms), which can become chronic and negatively impact health, relationships, and the overall quality of life. Dyads commonly report unmet needs for early support to address these challenges early after diagnosis.

Multimodal hierarchical classification of CITE-seq data delineates immune cell states across lineages and tissues.

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is invaluable for profiling cellular heterogeneity and transcriptional states, but transcriptomic profiles do not always delineate subsets defined by surface proteins. Cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes (CITE-seq) enables simultaneous profiling of single-cell transcriptomes and surface proteomes; however, accurate cell-type annotation requires a classifier that integrates multimodal data. Here, we describe multimodal classifier hierarchy (MMoCHi), a marker-based approach for accurate cell-type classification across multiple single-cell modalities that does not rely on reference atlases.

A Novel Preoperative Scoring System to Accurately Predict Cord-Level Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Data Loss During Spinal Deformity Surgery: A Machine-Learning Approach.

Background: An accurate knowledge of a patient's risk of cord-level intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) data loss is important for an informed decision-making process prior to deformity correction, but no prediction tool currently exists.

Methods: A total of 1,106 patients with spinal deformity and 205 perioperative variables were included. A stepwise machine-learning (ML) approach using random forest (RF) analysis and multivariable logistic regression was performed.

Evolutionary lineage-specific genomic imprinting at the ZNF791 locus.

Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic process that results in parent-of-origin effects on mammalian development and growth. Research on genomic imprinting in domesticated animals has lagged due to a primary focus on orthologs of mouse and human imprinted genes. This emphasis has limited the discovery of imprinted genes specific to livestock.