Prediction of Deleterious Single Amino Acid Polymorphisms with a Consensus Holdout Sampler.

Background: Single Amino Acid Polymorphisms (SAPs) or nonsynonymous Single Nucleotide Variants (nsSNVs) are the most common genetic variations. They result from missense mutations where a single base pair substitution changes the genetic code in such a way that the triplet of bases (codon) at a given position is coding a different amino acid. Since genetic mutations sometimes cause genetic diseases, it is important to comprehend and foresee which variations are harmful and which ones are neutral (not causing changes in the phenotype).

The Road to Reintegration: Evaluating the Effectiveness of VA Healthcare in Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment Retention for Veterans with Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders.

Introduction: Veterans diagnosed with mental health and/or substance use disorders (SUD) often face significant barriers to employment and reintegration into civilian society. In the current study, we investigated whether how the VA healthcare system for mental health and/or SUD treatment predicted program enrollment into vocational rehabilitation, simultaneous mental health and/or SUD treatment while enrolled in vocational rehabilitation predicted employment at discharge, and mental health and/or SUD treatment continues and employment remain 60-days-post-vocational-rehabilitation discharge.

Methods: An outcome-based, summative program evaluation design to measure quality assurance of vocational rehabilitation services provided to 402 veteran patients enrolled in a VA healthcare located within the Great Lakes Health Care System - Veterans Integrated Services Network.

An effective Caenorhabditis elegans CRISPR training module for high school and undergraduate summer research experiences in molecular biology.

Engaging in research experiences as a high school or undergraduate student interested in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is pivotal for their academic and professional development. A structured teaching framework can help cultivate a student's curiosity and passion for learning and research. In this study, an eight-week training program was created to encompass fundamental molecular biology principles and hands-on laboratory activities.

Social anhedonia in the daily lives of people with schizophrenia: Examination of anticipated and consummatory pleasure.

Social anhedonia is a hallmark symptom of schizophrenia. Discrepancies in anticipated versus consummatory pleasure for non-social stimuli are well-documented. Thus, a similar emotional paradox may underlie social anhedonia.

Diagnostic Capability of OCTA-Derived Macular Biomarkers for Early to Moderate Primary Open Angle Glaucoma.

: To investigate macular vascular biomarkers for the detection of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). : A total of 56 POAG patients and 94 non-glaucomatous controls underwent optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) assessment of macular vessel density (VD) in the superficial (SCP), and deep (DCP) capillary plexus, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, perimeter, VD, choriocapillaris and outer retina flow area. POAG patients were classified for severity based on the Glaucoma Staging System 2 of Brusini.

CrossMP: Enabling Cross-Modality Translation between Single-Cell RNA-Seq and Single-Cell ATAC-Seq through Web-Based Portal.

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in profiling multiomic modalities within individual cells simultaneously. One such example is integrating combined single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data and single-cell transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq) data. Integrated analysis of diverse modalities has helped researchers make more accurate predictions and gain a more comprehensive understanding than with single-modality analysis.

Exploring the Influence of Inter-Trial Interval on the Assessment of Short-Interval Intracortical Inhibition.

Short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) is a common paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) measure used to assess primary motor cortex (M1) interneuron activity in healthy populations and in neurological disorders. Many of the parameters of TMS stimulation to most accurately measure SICI have been determined. However, one TMS parameter that has not been investigated is the time between SICI trials (termed inter-trial interval; ITI).

Discordant Care and Decision Quality: Patients' Reasons for Not Receiving Their Initial Test of Choice in Colorectal Cancer Screening.

Background: Concordance between a person's values and the test or treatment they ultimately receive is widely considered to be an essential outcome for good decision quality. There is little research, however, on why patients receive "discordant" care. A large, randomized trial of decision aids for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening provided an opportunity to assess why some patients received a different test than the one they preferred at an earlier time point.

Induction of the Mdm2 gene and protein by kinase signaling pathways is repressed by the pVHL tumor suppressor.

The tumor suppressor von Hippel-Lindau, pVHL, is a multifaceted protein. One function is to dock to the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF) and recruit a larger protein complex that destabilizes HIF via ubiquitination, preventing angiogenesis and tumor development. pVHL also binds to the tumor suppressor p53 to activate specific p53 target genes.

A primer for junior trainees: Recognition of RNA modifications by RNA-binding proteins.

The complexity of RNA cannot be fully expressed with the canonical A, C, G, and U alphabet. To date, over 170 distinct chemical modifications to RNA have been discovered in living systems. RNA modifications can profoundly impact the cellular outcomes of messenger RNAs (mRNAs), transfer and ribosomal RNAs, and noncoding RNAs.

Triple click chemistry for crosslinking, stiffening, and annealing of gelatin-based microgels.

Microgels are spherical hydrogels with physicochemical properties ideal for many biomedical applications. For example, microgels can be used as individual carriers for suspension cell culture or jammed/annealed into granular hydrogels with micron-scale pores highly permissive to molecular transport and cell proliferation/migration. Conventionally, laborious optimization processes are often needed to create microgels with different moduli, sizes, and compositions.

Urgency Theory in the context of broader emotion theories: a conceptual review.

Negative and positive urgency are two closely related personality traits that reflect the tendency for an individual to engage in maladaptive risk-taking in response to extreme negative and positive emotions, respectively. However, other prominent emotion theories describe how emotions contribute to adaptive, rather than maladaptive, decision-making. This conceptual review considers how Urgency Theory can be integrated with these broader existing emotion theories.

Accuracy, thoroughness, and quality of outpatient primary care documentation in the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.

Background: Electronic health records (EHRs) can accelerate documentation and may enhance details of notes, or complicate documentation and introduce errors. Comprehensive assessment of documentation quality requires comparing documentation to what transpires during the clinical encounter itself. We assessed outpatient primary care notes and corresponding recorded encounters to determine accuracy, thoroughness, and several additional key measures of documentation quality.

Unraveling iron oxides as abiotic catalysts of organic phosphorus recycling in soil and sediment matrices.

In biogeochemical phosphorus cycling, iron oxide minerals are acknowledged as strong adsorbents of inorganic and organic phosphorus. Dephosphorylation of organic phosphorus is attributed only to biological processes, but iron oxides could also catalyze this reaction. Evidence of this abiotic catalysis has relied on monitoring products in solution, thereby ignoring iron oxides as both catalysts and adsorbents.

How Membrane Phospholipids Containing Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Oxidation Products Orchestrate Lipid Raft Dynamics to Control Inflammation.

Background: Long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) influence varying aspects of inflammation. One mechanism by which they regulate inflammation is by controlling the size and molecular composition of lipid rafts. Lipid rafts are sphingolipid/cholesterol-enriched plasma membrane microdomains that compartmentalize signaling proteins and thereby control downstream inflammatory gene expression and cytokine production.

Exploration of weekly variation in naloxone possession and carriage among people who use opioids in New York City before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Naloxone is critical for reversing opioid-related overdoses. However, there is a dearth of research examining how naloxone possession and carriage are impacted by time-varying individual and social determinants, and if this differed during the height of the COVID-related mitigation measures (e.g.

Provider Implicit Racial Bias in Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease.

Background/objectives: This study is to (1) assess implicit racial bias among pediatric providers and (2) use virtual patient (VP) vignettes to determine the impact of implicit racial bias on clinical decision-making in pediatric sickle cell disease (SCD) pain care.

Design/methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a mid-sized, freestanding children's hospital in the northeast. Participants (N = 52) were pediatric SCD providers (87% cisgender female, 90% White, M age = 38.

Finite element simulation of treatment with locking plate for distal fibula fractures.

An improved Finite Element Model(FEM) is applied to compare the biomechanical stability of plates with three different options in the treatment of distal fibula fractures in this study. The Computed Tomography(CT) scan of the knee to ankle segment of a volunteer was performed. A 3D fibula FEM was reconstructed based on the CT data.

Health Equity and Perinatal Mental Health.

Purpose Of Review: Pregnancy and the postpartum period are vulnerable times to experience psychiatric symptoms. Our goal was to describe existing inequities in perinatal mental health, especially across populations, geography, and in the role of childbirth.

Recent Findings: People of color are at an increased risk for perinatal mental health difficulties and more likely to experience neglect, poor communication, and racial discrimination.

NRIMD, a Web Server for Analyzing Protein Allosteric Interactions Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulation.

Long-range allosteric communication between distant sites and active sites in proteins is central to biological regulation but still poorly characterized, limiting the development of protein engineering and drug design. Addressing this gap, NRIMD is an open-access web server for analyzing long-range interactions in proteins from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, such as the effect of mutations at distal sites or allosteric ligand binding at allosteric sites on the active center. Based on our recent works on neural relational inference using graph neural networks, this cloud-based web server accepts MD simulation data on any length of residues in the alpha-carbon skeleton format from mainstream MD software.

Peer Education as a Tool to Improve Health Knowledge for People Who Are Incarcerated: A Secondary Analysis of Data From the Indiana Peer Education Program ECHO.

Considerable health inequities occur among people who are incarcerated, with ripple effects into broader community health. The Indiana Peer Education Program uses the Extension for Community Health Outcomes (ECHO) model to train people who are incarcerated as peer health educators. This analysis sought to evaluate the effectiveness of this program and explore emergent themes not covered in survey instruments.

DFT/MM Simulations for Cycloreversion Reaction of Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer with Deprotonated and Protonated E283.

DNA photolyase targets the primary ultraviolet (UV)-induced DNA lesion─cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), attaches to it, and catalyzes its dissociation. The catalytic mechanism of DNA photolyase and the role of the conserved residue E283 remain subjects of debate. This study employs two-dimensional potential energy surface maps and minimum free energy paths calculated at the ωB97XD/6-31G/MM level to elucidate these mechanisms.