Molecular determinants of resurgent sodium currents mediated by Navβ4 peptide and A-type FHFs.

Introduction: Resurgent current ( ) generated by voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) plays an essential role in maintaining high-frequency firing of many neurons and contributes to disease pathophysiology such as epilepsy and painful disorders. Targeting may present a highly promising strategy in the treatment of these diseases. Navβ4 and A-type fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs) have been identified as two classes of important mediators; however, their receptor sites in VGSCs remain unknown, which hinders the development of novel agents to effectively target .

Mechanotransduction pathways regulating YAP nuclear translocation under Yoda1 and vibration in osteocytes.

Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a mechanosensitive protein crucial for bone remodeling. Although research has identified pathways and components involved in YAP regulation, the precise mechanisms of its localization during Piezo1 activation or vibration remain unclear. Piezo1, a mechanosensitive ion channel, allows calcium ions to flow into cells upon activation.

Associations Between Sexual Orientation Dimensions and Cardiometabolic Diseases: Data From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III).

Objective: Sexual orientation can be measured across identity, attraction, and behavior. Sexual minorities are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes; however, it is not known whether cardiometabolic disease risk varies across these dimensions.

Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from 36,309 adults who participated in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III; 2012-2013).

On the chemistry of sunlight-induced DNA lesions: A perspective on the alkaline chemical-induced reactivities of photo-damaged pyrimidine intra-strand dimers.

Photoexcitation of cellular as well as isolated DNAs upon exposure to the UV portion of sunlight or other UV sources can lead to the covalent dimerization of adjacent intra-strand stacked pyrimidine nucleobase rings (i.e., at 5'-Py-p-Py-3' sites).

MammOnc-DB, an integrative breast cancer data analysis platform for target discovery.

Breast cancer (BCa) is one of the most common malignancies among women worldwide. It is a complex disease that is characterized by morphological and molecular heterogeneity. In the early stages of the disease, most BCa cases are treatable, particularly hormone receptor-positive and HER2-positive tumors.

Coarse entropy of metric spaces.

Coarse geometry studies metric spaces on the large scale. The recently introduced notion of coarse entropy is a tool to study dynamics from the coarse point of view. We prove that all isometries of a given metric space have the same coarse entropy and that this value is a coarse invariant.

A multiscale inflammatory map: linking individual stress to societal dysfunction.

As populations worldwide show increasing levels of stress, understanding emerging links among stress, inflammation, cognition, and behavior is vital to human and planetary health. We hypothesize that inflammation is a multiscale driver connecting stressors that affect individuals to large-scale societal dysfunction and, ultimately, to planetary-scale environmental impacts. We propose a 'central inflammation map' hypothesis to explain how the brain regulates inflammation and how inflammation impairs cognition, emotion, and action.

Conductance fluctuations in cobalt valence tautomer molecular thin films.

The conductivity changes associated with optical excitations and changing temperature in cobalt valence tautomer molecular thin films were investigated. Conductance switching in the presence of illumination is observed, with occasional locking in a higher conductance state, depending on the temperature, the photon energy of the illumination, and the bias voltage. Light of sufficiently short wavelengths is needed to ensure the light enhanced conductance switching, consistent with the optical absorption, but bias voltage clearly plays a role as well.

Hierarchical neural processing in γ oscillations for syntactic and semantic operations accounts for first- and second-language epistemology.

Introduction: We discuss event-related power differences (ERPDs) in low- and broadband-γ oscillations as the embedded-clause edge is processed in -dependencies such as in first (L1) and second language (L2) French speakers.

Methods: The experimental conditions manipulated whether pronouns appeared in modifiers (Mods; ) or in noun complements (Comps; ) and whether they matched or mismatched a matrix-clause subject in gender.

Results: Across L1 and L2 speakers, we found that anaphora-linked ERPDs for Mods vs.

Measurement of Patients' Acceptable Symptom Levels and Priorities for Symptom Improvement in Advanced Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: Limited research has evaluated the success criteria and priorities for symptom improvement of patients with cancer to inform patient-centered care. In this study, we adapted and tested a measure of these constructs, the Patient-Centered Outcomes Questionnaire (PCOQ), for patients with advanced prostate cancer. We compared acceptable symptom severity levels following symptom treatment across 10 symptoms and identified patient subgroups based on symptom importance.

The influence of assistance in home-based exercise programmes for individuals with intellectual disabilities.

Background: Regular physical activity (PA) decreases the risk of comorbidities associated with a sedentary lifestyle in individuals with intellectual disabilities (IDs). They also may experience additional barriers that may prevent PA, including access, proper instruction and support. At-home PA programming is a feasible alternative to long-term adherence.

Ethical issues in lethal insect monitoring.

Animal monitoring involves acquiring information about animals or their activities. Changes in available monitoring technologies, global biodiversity, and sociocultural norms have raised novel ethical challenges for biologists engaged in animal monitoring, including efforts aimed at monitoring insects. A growing amount of attention has been paid to the ethical challenges associated with lethal insect monitoring to include unclear environmental risks, welfare harms to insects, concerns about taking life, and more.

Improving Outcomes for ICU Family Members: The Role of Spiritual Care.

Having a family member hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) can be a stressful experience for family members, encompassing both psychological and spiritual distress. With over 5 million ICU admissions annually in the United States, it is imperative to enhance the experiences and coping mechanisms of ICU family members. In particularly challenging situations, some family members even face psychological effects known as post-intensive care syndrome-family, which includes anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress.

Dorsomedial striatal AMPA receptor antagonism increases alcohol binge drinking in selectively bred crossed high alcohol preferring mice.

Crossed high alcohol preferring (cHAP) mice have been selectively bred to consume considerable amounts of alcohol resulting in binge drinking. The dorsomedial striatum (DMS) is a brain region involved in goal-directed action selection, and dorsolateral striatum (DLS) is a brain region involved in habitual action selection. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) may involve a disruption in the balance between the DMS and DLS.

Deoxyhypusine synthase deficiency syndrome zebrafish model: aberrant morphology, epileptiform activity, and reduced arborization of inhibitory interneurons.

DHPS deficiency syndrome is an ultra-rare neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) which results from biallelic mutations in the gene encoding the enzyme deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS). DHPS is essential to synthesize hypusine, a rare amino acid formed by post-translational modification of a conserved lysine in eukaryotic initiation factor 5 A (eIF5A). DHPS deficiency syndrome causes epilepsy, cognitive and motor impairments, and mild facial dysmorphology.

Clinician Willingness to Prescribe Medications for Opioid Use Disorder to Adolescents in Indiana.

Importance: Prescribing medications for opioid use disorders (MOUD), including buprenorphine, naltrexone, and methadone, to adolescents remains an underused evidence-based strategy for reducing harms associated with opioid use.

Objective: To identify potential associations between clinician- and community-level characteristics regarding clinicians' self-reported willingness to prescribe MOUD to adolescents.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study included a phone survey of Indiana clinicians and spatial analysis of community-level characteristics.

A Faculty Growth Perspective on Peer Review of Teaching: An Institution-Wide, Customizable Approach to Peer Review.

As academic medical centers have moved away from using learner ratings of instruction as a demonstration of quality teaching in the promotion process, Indiana University School of Medicine sought to create a peer review of teaching system. We created our system in 2010 and have engaged in continuous quality improvement since. In these efforts, we sought to answer the question, "How can we create a system of peer review of teaching that provides high-quality feedback to faculty and encourages autonomy and growth?" Our peer review of teaching system includes a website, with a brief introduction to the concept of peer review, as well as a series of customizable forms that allows faculty and peer reviewers to choose items for observation and feedback based on teaching setting.

F-actin in the cuticular plate and junctions of auditory hair cells is regulated by ADF and cofilin to allow for normal stereocilia bundle patterning and maintenance.

Auditory hair cells, which convert sound-induced vibrations in the inner ear into neural signals, depend on multiple actin populations for normal function. Stereocilia are mechanosensory protrusions formed around a core of linear, crosslinked F-actin. They are anchored in the cuticular plate, which predominantly consists of randomly oriented actin filaments.

CHARMM at 45: Enhancements in Accessibility, Functionality, and Speed.

Since its inception nearly a half century ago, CHARMM has been playing a central role in computational biochemistry and biophysics. Commensurate with the developments in experimental research and advances in computer hardware, the range of methods and applicability of CHARMM have also grown. This review summarizes major developments that occurred after 2009 when the last review of CHARMM was published.