Cashew reject meal in diets of laying chickens: nutritional and economic suitability.

The present study investigated the nutritional and economic suitability of cashew reject meal (full fat and defatted) as replacement for groundnut cake (GNC) in the diets of laying chickens. A total of eighty four brown shavers at 25 weeks of age were randomly allotted into seven dietary treatments each containing 6 replicates of 2 birds each. The seven diets prepared included diet 1, a control with GNC at 220gkg(-1) as main protein source in the diet.

Physico-chemical properties of instant ogbono (Irvingia gabonensis) mix powder.

The main objective of the research is to develop a recipe of instant dry soup mix for easy preparation of ogbono soup. Instant ogbono mix powder was processed using common locally ingredients. Dika kernel powder, dried ugwu leaf, crayfish, stock fish, and a mixture of locust bean, onion, seasoning and Cameroon powder were formulated at different ratios to find the best acceptable ogbono mix powder.

Capacity Building and Financing Oral Health in the African and Middle East Region.

Many low- and middle-income countries do not yet have policies to implement effective oral health programs. A reason is lack of human and financial resources. Gaps between resource needs and available health funding are widening.

Molecular epidemiology of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Africa: a systematic review.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are a serious global problem, with considerable impact on patients and substantial health care costs. This systematic review provides an overview on the clonal diversity of MRSA, as well as the prevalence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive MRSA in Africa. A search on the molecular characterization of MRSA in Africa was conducted by two authors using predefined terms.

Nutritional composition of "gari" analog produced from cassava (Manihot esculenta) and cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) tuber.

Physicochemical properties ofgari analog produced from coprocessing of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and Cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) were investigated. Cassava tuber and cocoyam were coprocessed at different percentages before frying separately. Proximate composition, mineral content, antinutritional factors, and sensory evaluation of various samples were determined.

Sharing perspectives and experiences of doctoral fellows in the first cohort of Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa: 2011-2014.

Background: Resolution of public health problems in Africa remains a challenge because of insufficient skilled human resource capacity. The Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (CARTA) was established to enhance capacity in multi-disciplinary health research that will make a positive impact on population health in Africa.

Objective: The first cohort of the CARTA program describes their perspectives and experiences during the 4 years of fellowship and puts forward suggestions for future progress and direction of research in Africa.

Novel IRF6 mutations in families with Van Der Woude syndrome and popliteal pterygium syndrome from sub-Saharan Africa.

Orofacial clefts (OFC) are complex genetic traits that are often classified as syndromic or nonsyndromic clefts. Currently, there are over 500 types of syndromic clefts in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database, of which Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is one of the most common (accounting for 2% of all OFC). Popliteal pterygium syndrome (PPS) is considered to be a more severe form of VWS.

Hypotensive and vasorelaxant effects of (E) - methyl isoeugenol: a naturally occurring food flavour.

Application of naturally occurring (E) - methyl isoeugenol (MIE) as food flavour has been widely accepted despite the growing concerns over cardiovascular issue. Hence, we sought to investigate hypotensive property of MIE and the involvement of central and/or peripheral mechanism (s). Variation in mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), baroreflex sensitivity of normotensive rats and vascular reactivity were recorded.

Effect of gamma irradiation on physicochemical properties of stored pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) flour.

The effect of gamma irradiation at various doses (5, 10, 15, 20 kGy) was observed on pigeon pea flour stored for 3 months on proximate composition, functional properties, and peroxide value. Sensory evaluation was also carried out on bean cake (moinmoin) made from nonirradiated and irradiated pigeon pea flour. The results showed that stored gamma-irradiated samples had significantly lower (P < 0.

Iron status and benefit of the use of parenteral iron therapy in pre-dialysis Chronic Kidney disease patients.

Aims And Objectives: Anaemia is a major cardiovascular risk factor in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Treatment and correction of anaemia leads to improvement of cardiovascular status and quality of life of patients with CKD. This interventional open labeled randomised controlled study comparing the effect of intravenous and oral iron therapy in improving red cell indices and iron status in anaemic pre-dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease was carried out to determine iron status in anaemic pre-dialysis CKD patients to assess the benefit of parenteral iron supplementation as against empirical oral iron in CKD patients with iron deficiency.

Health instruction in Nigerian schools: what are the missing links?

Introduction: School health instruction (SHI) is the instructional aspects of school health programme. It provides information on key health issues to school children who are in their formative years.

Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study of all the primary schools in a focal Local Government Area in Nigeria was carried out to ascertain the implementation of SHI with regards to the contents, methods of delivery and teachers preparation for health teaching using an evaluation checklist for SHI.

Giant fibroadenoma presenting like fungating breast cancer in a Nigerian teenager.

Background: Giant fibroadenoma of the breast is a rare benign breast tumour which seldom grows to a giant size, it is even rarer for this benign tumour to grow rapidly, ulcerate spontaneously and present like a fungating breast tumour in a way mimicking breast cancer.

Case Presentation: This is a presentation of a 14 year old premenarchal girl with a massive ulcerating and fungating left breast mass that was initially thought to be a fungating locally advanced breast carcinoma on clinical examination. Further examination of the morphology of the resected surgical specimen and histological examination confirmed it to be giant fibroadenoma of the breast.

Physicochemical properties and acute toxicity studies of a lectin from the saline extract of the fruiting bodies of the shiitake mushroom, Lentinula edodes (Berk).

A lectin (LEL) was isolated from the fresh fruiting bodies of the shiitake mushroom Lentinula edodes by a combination of gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-150 and affinity chromatography on an N-acetyl-Dgalactosamine-Sepharose 4B column. Its molecular mass, as determined by gel filtration, was estimated to be 71, 000 Daltons and its structure is homotetrameric with subunit molecular weight of approximately 18,000 Daltons. LEL agglutinated non-specifically red blood cells from the human ABO system as well as rabbit erythrocytes and in haemagglutination inhibition assays, exhibited sugar-binding specificity toward N-acetyl-D-galactosamine.

Awareness of menstrual abnormality amongst college students in urban area of ile-ife, osun state, Nigeria.

Background: Disturbances of menstrual bleeding are major social and medical problem for women and account for high percentage of gynecological visit.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to document menstrual abnormalities experienced by female college students, their awareness and health seeking behavior.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional survey was undertaken, 400 students were selected using stratified sampling technique and interviewed using semi-structured self-administered questionnaire.

Prune belly syndrome in an adult Nigerian: case report.

Prune Belly Syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by deficient anterior abdominal wall musculature, bilateral cryptorchidism, bilateral megaureters and often unilateral or bilateral vesico-ureteric junction obstruction. The report of prune belly syndrome in the adult is scanty. We report a case of prune belly syndrome in a 24 year old Nigerian who presented with 3 year history of recurrent right loin pain.

A retrospective analysis of aetiology and management of epistaxis in a south-western Nigerian teaching hospital.

Background: Epistaxis is a common otolaryngological emergency and is often due to lesions within or around the nose and systemic conditions. Controlling epistaxis presents a challenge in the underdeveloped, resource-poor centres where there are limited facilities.

Objective: To describe the aetiopatogenesis of epistaxis in our hospitals.

A middle aged woman presenting with massive empyema of the gallbladder: a case report.

Empyema of gallbladder is generally a rare disease and it is even rarer in the traditional African population where incidence of cholelithiasis is much lower compared with the Caucasian population. This is a presentation to highlight massive empyema of the gallbladder in a 58 year old woman who had no prior history of gallstone disease and who was treated with open cholecystectomy. The outcome was successful and she was followed up for a year.

Awareness of malocclusion and desire for orthodontic treatment in 11 to 14 year-old Nigerian schoolchildren and their parents.

Objectives: To investigate Nigerian children's and their parents' satisfaction with the children's facial and dental appearances and their desire for orthodontic treatment, and to compare their assessments of treatment need with those determined by an orthodontist.

Methods: The subjects were 242 11-14 year-old schoolchildren randomly selected from private and public schools in the Ife Central Local Government area, Nigeria. A questionnaire was used to obtain information from the children and their parents of their liking of the facial and dental appearances of the children and the need and desire for orthodontic treatment.

Natal and neonatal teeth: a review.

The presence of teeth in newborn is uncommon. Sometimes it occurs, appearing in about one in every 2,000 to 3,000 live births. Natal teeth are teeth already present at time of birth, neonatal teeth erupt during the first 30 days after birth.

The response of students to malaria and malaria therapy in a university in southwest Nigeria.

Background: Malaria is both a social and a behavioral problem that may prompt individuals' demonstration of culturally prescribed behavioral patterns, which in turn, may contribute to their perception and treatment of the disease.

Objectives: The study examines the problems associated with the ways in which students of a Nigerian university perceive malarial infection, seek treatment for the infection, and respond to available treatment options.

Methods: Data were collected using a questionnaire that was administered to 600 male and female undergraduate students in final year classes in 6 fields of study at Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife: technology, environmental sciences, social sciences, humanities, health sciences, and pharmacy.

Development and poverty: a symbiotic relationship and its implication in Africa.

Poverty is present everywhere but the kind in Africa is of great magnitude both in its spread and destitutive dimension. In other places any manifestation of poverty is a challenge to move forward but in Africa, the reverse is the case. Therefore the continent and international community are not happy about it, hence various programmes and strategies were put in place.

Biodiversity, globalisation and poverty.

The erosion of the stock of biodiversity on earth developed historically with the so-called voyages of discovery (and their antecedents), colonial conquests and the accompanying movements of natural products and peoples, i.e. movements of populations and genetic materials.

Neocortical neurodegeneration in young adult Wistar rats prenatally exposed to ethanol.

This study was aimed to determine the persistence of neurodegeneration in the cerebral cortex of adult Wistar rats following prenatal ethanol exposure. Timed pregnant rats maintained on standard mouse chow (Ladokun Feeds, Ibadan, Nigeria) and water ad libitum were used for the study. The rats were divided randomly into groups A and B (n-6) and C (n = 4).

Motorcycle-related maxillofacial injuries among Nigerian intracity road users.

Purpose: We sought to determine the etiology and pattern of motorcycle-related maxillofacial injuries among intracity road users in Nigeria.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a prospective review of all patients presenting at the maxillofacial surgery units of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Ile-Ife and Usmanu Dan Fodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto with motorcycle-related injuries.

Results: One hundred seven patients were included in the study.