The Psychosocial Burden of Pediatric Food Allergy in the United States: A Population-Based Survey.

Background: Food allergy (FA) affects approximately one in 12 US children, with prevalence increasing. Aside from considerable health care utilization, accumulating research suggests heightened psychosocial burden among this population.

Objective: To characterize FA-related psychosocial burden among a large, nationally representative pediatric sample, and its correlates, including sociodemographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, allergy severity, allergic symptoms, number and type of allergens, and healthcare utilization.

BAY 81-8973 Demonstrates Long-Term Safety and Efficacy in Children With Severe Haemophilia A: Results From the LEOPOLD Kids Extension Study.

Objectives: To report the long-term safety and efficacy of BAY 81-8973 in the LEOPOLD Kids extension phase.

Methods: Patients received BAY 81-8973 (25-50 IU/kg) at least twice weekly. The primary endpoint was safety, assessed in all patients who entered the extension phase (n = 82).

Reducing Disparities in Breastfeeding: "Breast for Success" Excels a Second Time.

Breastfeeding is a key public health priority with known racial inequities. Despite the well-described and far-reaching health benefits of breastfeeding for mothers and infants, rates of breastfeeding initiation, continuation, and exclusivity lag meaningfully among African American and Black (AA/B) women compared with other racial and ethnic groups due in main to current and historical structural racism. The study objective was to assess the replicability of Breast for Success (BFS) on breastfeeding rates among home-visited low-income predominantly AA/B mothers.

An international survey on retinopathy of prematurity practice patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic and lessons for future management.

Purpose: To assess retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) practice patterns during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods: A survey on ROP practice patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic was sent to the American Academy of Ophthalmic Executives, the International Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Council members, and to various national societies on May 19, 2020. The survey closed on the 31st of June 2020.

Outpatient Management of Fever and Neutropenia in Low-risk Children with Solid Tumors: A Quality Improvement Initiative.

Background: Management of febrile neutropenia in pediatric oncology usually requires inpatient parenteral antibiotics after initial evaluation, but some patients at lower risk of sepsis could be safely managed outpatient. We describe a quality improvement project to increase outpatient management of fever and neutropenia.

Methods: We designed a standardized algorithm for children with a solid tumor diagnosis and low risk for bacteremia.

Clinical utility and psychometric properties of tools for early detection of developmental concerns and disability in young children: A scoping review.

Aim: To explore the clinical utility and psychometric properties of standardized tools for the early detection of developmental concerns or disability in young children.

Method: Systematic reviews and clinical practice guidelines containing psychometric data on tools appropriate for use with children from birth to 5 years 11 months were searched for in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and PsycINFO for the years 2000 to 2023, with no language restrictions.

Results: Eighty-six systematic reviews and six clinical practice guidelines guided identification of tools.

Self-reported chronic therapy use after 24-weeks of follow-up by participants who completed the simplify randomized, controlled trial.

Background: Highly effective CFTR modulator therapy (HEMT) has improved the health of many people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF), offering opportunities to discontinue burdensome therapies. SIMPLIFY included randomized, controlled trials that confirmed non-inferiority of discontinuing versus continuing dornase alfa (DA) or hypertonic saline (HS) for 6 weeks in pwCF on HEMT. In this study of post-trial treatment use by SIMPLIFY participants, we hypothesized that randomization to discontinue DA or HS during the trial would be associated with a higher likelihood of non-use of each medication during follow-up.

Additive value of invasive haemodynamic assessment for predicting post-operative outcomes after Fontan.

Routine pre-Fontan cardiac catheterization remains standard practice at most centres. However, with advances in non-invasive risk assessment, an invasive haemodynamic assessment may not be necessary for all patients.Using retrospective data from patients undergoing Fontan palliation at our institution, we developed a multivariable model to predict the likelihood of a composite adverse post-operative outcome including prolonged length of stay ≥ 30 days, hospital readmission within 6 months, and death and/or transplant within 6 months.

The association between amblyopia and the risks of hearing loss: A propensity matched analysis.

Introduction: Amblyopia occurs due to an imbalance in the visual input between the eyes. This can induce structural changes in the central nervous system and, if left untreated, eventually lead to permanent blindness in the affected eye. As these changes may also impact the auditory system, which closely interacts with the visual system, this study aimed to investigate the risk of hearing loss in patients with amblyopia.

Evaluation of Tibial Slope on Radiographs in Pediatric Patients With Tibial Spine Fractures: An Age- and Sex-Matched Study.

Background: A recent study has reported that the radiographic measurement of posterior tibial slope (PTS) is larger in male pediatric patients with tibial spine fractures (TSF) than in controls. However, they found no difference in PTS between female patients and controls.

Purpose: (1) To identify whether PTS is larger in female pediatric patients with TSF than in female controls and (2) to validate the relationship between PTS and pediatric TSF in male patients.

Alpha Angle and Anterior Femoral Neck Offset Identify Different Cohorts of Cam Morphology: An Osteologic Study.

Purpose: To explore differences in cam morphology defined by alpha angle (AA) and anterior femoral neck offset (AFNO) in the context of other anthropometric parameters in an osteologic collection to further elucidate whether each measurement tool is identifying the same underlying pathology.

Methods: Anthropometric measurements of 992 cadaveric hips from the Hamann-Todd Osteological Collection were analyzed. Femurs with cam morphology were identified by AA >55° or AFNO <7 mm.

Characterization of hearing loss in pediatric patients with osteogenesis imperfecta.

Introduction: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a common heritable disorder affecting type 1 collagen. The sequelae of OI vary, but hearing loss is a significant complication with 46-58 % of patients having some degree of hearing loss. Previous studies have suggested patients with OI may have conductive, sensorineural, or mixed hearing loss.

Parental political engagement and self-efficacy: An exploratory study.

Political engagement (PE) is associated with a sense of empowerment. PE by parents affects children's lives. This study explored parents' attitudes about inclusion of political engagement discussion in well-child care.

Analyzing Pelvic Asymmetry by Sex and Ancestry: Insights From an Osteological Collection.

Introduction: Pelvic asymmetry has been noted in pelvic imaging, and might influence the development of various spinal pathologies, most notably scoliosis. There is a limited understanding of the relationship between pelvic asymmetry and sex and ancestry, and limited use of 3D modeling. The purpose of this study was to identify pelvic asymmetry and morphology differences between sex and ancestry utilizing 3D modeling on young adults in an osteological collection.

Highly comparative time series analysis of oxygen saturation and heart rate to predict respiratory outcomes in extremely preterm infants.

Highly comparative time series analysis (HCTSA) is a novel approach involving massive feature extraction using publicly available code from many disciplines. The Prematurity-Related Ventilatory Control (Pre-Vent) observational multicenter prospective study collected bedside monitor data from>700extremely preterm infants to identify physiologic features that predict respiratory outcomes..

Nonperfusion of the Far Peripheral Retina in Highly Myopic Stickler Syndrome.

To describe the clinical course of 3 patients with Stickler syndrome found on fluorescein angiography (FA) to have nonperfusion of the peripheral retina. Three patients with confirmed Stickler syndrome were examined under anesthesia. Genetic testing and FA were performed.

Reducing ambulatory central line-associated bloodstream infections: A family-centered approach.

Background: Ambulatory central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) cause significant morbidity and mortality, especially in pediatric oncology. Few studies have had interventions directed toward caregivers managing central lines (CL) at home to reduce ambulatory CLABSI rates. We aimed to reduce and sustain our ambulatory CLABSI rate by 25% within 3 years of the start of a quality improvement intervention.

Combined genetic-pharmacologic inactivation of tightly linked ADAMTS proteases in temporally specific windows uncovers distinct roles for versican proteolysis and glypican-6 in cardiac development.

Extracellular matrix remodeling mechanisms are understudied in cardiac development and congenital heart defects. We show that matrix-degrading metalloproteases ADAMTS1 and ADAMTS5, are extensively co-expressed during mouse cardiac development. The mouse mutants of each gene have mild cardiac anomalies, however, their combined genetic inactivation to elicit cooperative roles is precluded by tight gene linkage.

Emergency department pediatric readiness of United States trauma centers in 2021: Trauma center facility characteristics and opportunities for improvement.

Background: Emergency department (ED) pediatric readiness has been associated with lower mortality for injured children but has historically been suboptimal in nonpediatric trauma centers. Over the past decade, the National Pediatric Readiness Project (NPRP) has invested resources in improving ED pediatric readiness. This study aimed to quantify current trauma center pediatric readiness and identify associations with center-level characteristics to target further efforts to guide improvement.