The British Orthopaedic Surgery Surveillance study: slipped capital femoral epiphysis: the epidemiology and two-year outcomes from a prospective cohort in Great Britain.

Aims: The aim of this study was to inform the epidemiology and treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE).

Methods: This was an anonymized comprehensive cohort study, with a nested consented cohort, following the the Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, Long-term study (IDEAL) framework. A total of 143 of 144 hospitals treating SCFE in Great Britain participated over an 18-month period.

The British Orthopaedic Surgery Surveillance study: Perthes' disease: the epidemiology and two-year outcomes from a prospective cohort in Great Britain.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology and treatment of Perthes' disease of the hip.

Methods: This was an anonymized comprehensive cohort study of Perthes' disease, with a nested consented cohort. A total of 143 of 144 hospitals treating children's hip disease in the UK participated over an 18-month period.

Interventions for treating distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS) in cystic fibrosis.

Background: Cystic fibrosis is the most common life-limiting autosomal recessive genetic disorder in white populations. Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS) is an important morbidity in cystic fibrosis. It is the result of the accumulation of viscid faecal material within the bowel which combines with thick, sticky mucus produced in the intestines of people with cystic fibrosis.

Interventions for preventing distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS) in cystic fibrosis.

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common, life-limiting, genetically inherited disease. It affects multiple organs, particularly the respiratory system. However, gastrointestinal problems such as constipation and distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS) are also important and well-recognised complications in CF.

Inadequate postpartum screening for type 2 diabetes in women with previous gestation diabetes mellitus: A retrospective audit of practice over 17 years.

Introduction: Women with gestational diabetes (GDM) are at greatly increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The UK guidance recommends screening for T2DM at around 6-week postpartum and annually thereafter. We evaluated conformity to this guidance in two separate time periods.

DNA methylation across the genome in aged human skeletal muscle tissue and muscle-derived cells: the role of HOX genes and physical activity.

Skeletal muscle tissue demonstrates global hypermethylation with age. However, methylome changes across the time-course of differentiation in aged human muscle derived cells, and larger coverage arrays in aged muscle tissue have not been undertaken. Using 850K DNA methylation arrays we compared the methylomes of young (27 ± 4.

Intravascular Imaging and 12-Month Mortality After Unprotected Left Main Stem PCI: An Analysis From the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society Database.

Objectives: The authors used the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society (BCIS) national percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) database to explore temporal changes in the use of intravascular imaging for unprotected left main stem PCI (uLMS PCI), defined the associates of imaging use, and correlate clinical outcomes including survival with imaging use.

Background: Limited registry data support the use of intravascular imaging during uLMS PCI to improve outcomes.

Methods: Data were analyzed from 11,264 uLMS PCI procedures performed in England and Wales between 2007 and 2014.

Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction.

Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is a rare disorder characterized by an impairment of coordinated propulsive activity in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which clinically mimics mechanical intestinal obstruction. CIPO is the most severe and debilitating form of GI dysmotility. CIPO may be primary or be secondary to pathology at any level of the brain-gut axis as well as systemic disease.

Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of opioid-induced constipation.

Opioids are potent analgesics used for the treatment of acute and chronic pain. Side-effects are common and among the most bothersome are those associated with opioid-induced bowel dysfunction, which includes opioid-induced constipation. In this Review, we provide a summary of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of opioid-induced constipation, which can be defined as a change in baseline bowel habit or defecatory patterns following initiation, alteration, or increase of opioid therapy.

The Role of Esophageal Hypersensitivity in Functional Esophageal Disorders.

The Rome IV diagnostic criteria delineates 5 functional esophageal disorders which include functional chest pain, functional heartburn, reflux hypersensitivity, globus, and functional dysphagia. These are a heterogenous group of disorders which, despite having characteristic symptom profiles attributable to esophageal pathology, fail to demonstrate any structural, motility or inflammatory abnormalities on standard clinical testing. These disorders are associated with a marked reduction in patient quality of life, not least considerable healthcare resources.

Ibuprofen in paediatrics: pharmacology, prescribing and controversies.

Ibuprofen, a propionic acid derivative, is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. The oral formulation is widely used in paediatric practice and after paracetamol it is one of the most common drugs prescribed for children in hospital. The treatment of fever with antipyretics such as ibuprofen is controversial as fever is the normal response of the body to infection and unless the child becomes distressed or symptomatic, fever alone should not be routinely treated.

Systematic review with meta-analysis: the prevalence of bile acid malabsorption in the irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea.

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome is a widespread disorder with a marked socioeconomic burden. Previous studies support the proposal that a subset of patients with features compatible with diarrhoea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) have bile acid malabsorption (BAM).

Aim: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prevalence of BAM in patients meeting the accepted criteria for IBS-D.