Ethical Considerations in Complications of Surgical Procedures.

Surgical procedures carry certain risks of complications, which need to be considered and discussed when any procedure is suggested to a patient. In this article, some ethical problems will be discussed concerning the communication of problems after they have occurred. Some clinical case studies will serve to clarify the need for having standards of ethical behavior, even in difficult situations.

Inopinatus corneliae sp. nov. gen. nov. isolated from human skin: A newly discovered keratinophilic hyphomycete, order Onygenales.

Background: Fungi clinically relevant to human skin comprise prevalent commensals and well-known pathogens. Only rarely human skin harbours fungi that evade identification.

Objective: To characterise an enigmatic specimen isolated from a skin lesion.

Effects of aging on functional connectivity in a neurodegenerative risk cohort: resting state versus task measurement using near-infrared spectroscopy.

Changes in functional brain organization are considered to be particularly sensitive to age-related effects and may precede structural cognitive decline. Recent research focuses on aging processes determined by resting state (RS) functional connectivity (FC), but little is known about differences in FC during RS and cognitive task conditions in elderly participants. The purpose of this study is to compare FC within and between the cognitive control (CCN) and dorsal attention network (DAN) at RS and during a cognitive task using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

Expression of epidermal antimicrobial peptides is increased in tinea pedis.

Background: Tinea pedis is often chronic or recurrent, but not all individuals are equally susceptible to this infection. Dermatophytes are able to induce the expression of antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) in human keratinocytes and certain AMPs can inhibit the growth of dermatophytes.

Objective: The focus of this study was to analyse the secretion of relevant AMPs, especially RNase 7, human beta-defensin-2 (hBD-2) and the S-100 protein psoriasin (S100A7), in patients with confirmed tinea pedis.

Clinical isolates of Trichophyton rubrum are completely inhibited by photochemical treatment with a γ-cyclodextrin formulation of curcuminoids.

Introduction: It was shown previously that dermatophytes can markedly be inhibited by a photochemical treatment with curcumin. This kind of photo-inactivation needs to be improved, however, because curcumin is poorly water-soluble. Therefore, a new water-soluble γ-cyclodextrin formulation of curcuminoids was tested for its photochemical inactivation of Trichophyton (T.

A human subcutaneous infection by Microascus ennothomasiorum sp. nov.

A 60-year-old woman presented with a nodular granulomatous skin lesion on her right thumb. It had developed after inoculation of a splinter of wood. Because it was resistant to various therapies, the nodule was finally excised.

Educational training in laparoscopic gynecological surgery based on ethanol-glycerol-lysoformin-preserved body donors.

Purpose: Educational training of laparoscopic skills performed on body donors is considered the gold standard prior to surgery in living patients. Appropriate, safe, and feasible fixation of body donors, reflecting true-to-life conditions of tissues, is an essential prerequisite for training workshops.

Materials And Methods: Here we describe and evaluate a modified ethanol-glycerol-lysoformin-based fixation technique.

Arthroderma chiloniense sp. nov. isolated from human stratum corneum: Description of a new Arthroderma species.

A 68-year-old woman was submitted to our hospital because of erythematous and scaly skin lesions. To exclude tinea samples of stratum corneum were collected and used for mycological investigations. In this material, no fungal elements were detected microscopically, but inoculation on Sabouraud agar with cycloheximide yielded a presumptive dermatophyte fungus.

Photochemical inhibition of Trichophyton rubrum by different compoundings of curcumin.

Recently, we had shown that conidia-derived growth of many dermatophytes can be inhibited by curcumin plus exposure to visible light. This method of photo inactivation should be developed further aiming for an option to stop mycelial growth in superficial tinea. Wells of microtitre plates were inoculated with either mycelial or conidial elements collected from 5 strains of Trichophyton rubrum.

CDH1 mutation screen in a BRCA1/2-negative familial breast-/ovarian cancer cohort.

Purpose: Mutations in the CDH1 gene are linked both to diffuse gastric cancer and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). A high mutation rate is found in families fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for hereditary diffuse gastric cancer. Aim of this study was to clarify whether or not there is a significant contribution of CDH1 mutations in hereditary breast-/ovarian cancer (HBOC).

Xanthothecium peruvianum isolated from human stratum corneum: A case report, characterisation and short review that suggest emendation of Arachnomyces peruvianus.

From stratum corneum samples of a palmar eczema, a fungus was isolated that developed white colonies with a yellowish dark reverse, suggestive of dermatophytes. The isolate produced numerous chlamydospores and sparse aleuroconidia, was resistant to cycloheximide, grew well on human stratum corneum samples and was positive in tests for urease production and hair perforation, but no dermatophyte could be identified. After several weeks, cleistothecia with delicate asci and disc-shaped ascospores were formed, suggesting Arachnomyces spp.

Inhibition of dermatophytes by photodynamic treatment with curcumin.

Treatment of dermatophytoses with currently available antimycotic agents is often tedious and sometimes unsatisfactory. A search for better therapeutic methods-ideally with an immediate fungicidal effect-has, among others, lead to photodynamic procedures as a promising alternative, and recently curcumin was found to be a suitable agent for this application. In this study the effect of photodynamic treatment with curcumin on dermatophytes was tested in vitro.

Unusual strains of Microsporum audouinii causing tinea in Europe.

We comment on an unusual strain of Microsporum (M.) audouinii. It was isolated from tinea corporis of a boy who lived in Germany and most likely had acquired his infection during a stay on a farm with animal husbandry in Poland.

Morphological and physiological features of Arthroderma benhamiae anamorphs isolated in northern Germany.

The anamorph of Arthroderma benhamiae is an upcoming zoophilic dermatophyte that only in recent years has gained importance as a cause of tinea in humans. Its identification by conventional methods can cause problems. In this study we have subjected seven genetically confirmed strains of A.

Activation of intracellular angiotensin AT₂ receptors induces rapid cell death in human uterine leiomyosarcoma cells.

The presence of angiotensin type 2 (AT₂) receptors in mitochondria and their role in NO generation and cell aging were recently demonstrated in various human and mouse non-tumour cells. We investigated the intracellular distribution of AT₂ receptors including their presence in mitochondria and their role in the induction of apoptosis and cell death in cultured human uterine leiomyosarcoma (SK-UT-1) cells and control human uterine smooth muscle cells (HutSMC). The intracellular levels of the AT₂ receptor are low in proliferating SK-UT-1 cells but the receptor is substantially up-regulated in quiescent SK-UT-1 cells with high densities in mitochondria.

Visualization of small veins with susceptibility-weighted imaging for stereotactic trajectory planning in deep brain stimulation.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most significant complication of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS). To prevent ICH, stereotactic contrast enhanced T1-weighted images are used to visualize vessels as source of hemorrhage. Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging (SWI) is an MRI sequence with improved visualization of susceptibility differences between tissues, particularly sensitive for brain veins.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging of motor and language for preoperative planning of neurosurgical procedures adjacent to functional areas.

Objective: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for motor and language mapping is used for presurgical planning. This study aimed to evaluate the value of fMRI in clinical routine for preoperative planning of brain surgery adjacent to functional brain areas.

Methods: Thirty-seven consecutive patients with brain lesions adjacent to sensomotor and/or language functional areas underwent fMRI prior to planned brain surgery on a 3T MRI scanner for identification of motor in all and language functional areas in 29 patients.

The NF-κB pathway is rarely spontaneously activated in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cell lines and patient's samples.

In this study, we investigated the role of NF-κB (canonical and alternative pathways) in the survival or proliferation of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cell lines. P50/p65 complexes were detectable by EMSA assays in 4/5 cell lines. Stable expression of a dominant-negative form of IkBa had no effect on proliferation nor on apoptosis in EBV-negative cell lines.

Expression of antimicrobial peptides and toll-like receptors is increased in tinea and pityriasis versicolor.

In superficial tinea and pityriasis versicolor, the causative fungi are for the most part confined to the stratum corneum which is barely reached by leukocytes. Therefore, a role of non-cellular components in the epidermal antifungal defence was suggested. To investigate the presence of such factors in these infections, the expression of human beta defensins 2 and 3 (hBD-2, hBD-3), RNase 7, psoriasin, toll-like receptors 2, 4 and 9 (TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9) and dectin 2 was analysed by use of immunostainings in skin biopsies.

Acyclic sesquiterpenes released by Candida albicans inhibit growth of dermatophytes.

It is unresolved as to whether fungi that share a common skin habitat might in principal interact. In in vitro screening tests with Candida albicans, Trichophytum rubrum and other common dermatophytes, we found C. albicans releases volatile compounds that inhibit growth of the dermatophytes.

Effects of pimecrolimus compared with triamcinolone acetonide cream on skin barrier structure in atopic dermatitis: a randomized, double-blind, right-left arm trial.

Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) have an epidermal barrier dysfunction, which allows invasion of allergens to occur. Stratum corneum skin barrier is formed by corneocytes and extracellular lipids extruded from the epidermal lamellar bodies. In a controlled, randomized, double-blinded, right-left comparison study we investigated the effect of pimecrolimus (PIM) cream compared with triamcinolone acetonide cream (TA) on the skin barrier in 15 patients with symmetrical elbow lesions of AD.

Inhibition of dermatophytes by the antimicrobial peptides human β-defensin-2, ribonuclease 7 and psoriasin.

Previous studies have described some antibacterial effects of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) expressed in human skin, but little is known about their possible activity against dermatophytes. Therefore we have tested the effects of human β-defensin 2 (hBD-2), ribonuclease 7 (RNase 7) and psoriasin on the in vitro growth of four dermatophyte species. Germinating conidia of Trichophyton rubrum, T.

Treatment of acute radiodermatitis with an oil-in-water emulsion following radiation therapy for breast cancer: a controlled, randomized trial.

Background: A side effect of radiotherapy for breast cancer is acute radiodermatitis. It is a common practice to keep irradiated skin dry on account of data from the 1950s that suggested this regimen limits dermatitis. However, severe dryness of the skin induced by irradiation results in itching and discomfort.