A Systematic Review Looking at the Current Best Practices as well as Primary Care Practitioner's Views on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Childhood Obesity.

Childhood obesity is a significant and growing issue, with the WHO recognising worldwide childhood obesity rates as an epidemic. Primary care is often the first point for monitoring a child's development over time, hence could play an integral part in recognising and addressing childhood obesity. As a result, our systematic review has two objectives.

Bone mineral density in patients diagnosed with giant cell arteritis taking glucocorticoids: a case-control study.

Objective: The standard treatment for GCA is high-dose glucocorticoids (GCs). It is unknown whether GCs are more detrimental to BMD at the spine or the hip. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of GCs on BMD at the lumbar spine and hip in patients with GCA being treated with GCs.

Imaging of Cartilage and Chondral Defects: An Overview.

A healthy articular cartilage is paramount to joint function. Cartilage defects, whether acute or chronic, are a significant source of morbidity. This review summarizes various imaging modalities used for cartilage assessment.

Multidisciplinary management of laryngeal pathology identified in patients with COVID-19 following trans-laryngeal intubation and tracheostomy.

Background: COVID-19 disease often requires invasive ventilatory support. Trans-laryngeal intubation of the trachea may cause laryngeal injury, possibly compounded by coronavirus infection. Fibreoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) provides anatomical and functional assessment of the larynx, guiding multidisciplinary management.

Protein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Monoclonal Antibodies (PCSK9mab) in Clinical Practice at Secondary Care - Real World Multicentre Experience.

Background and Aims Protein convertase subtilisin/Kexin type 9 monoclonal antibodies (PCSK9mab) are a novel addition to the therapeutic options for managing hyperlipidemia. Various guidelines have advocated the addition of these agents if the target low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( LDL-C) is not achieved by maximum lipid-lowering therapy. They have shown a robust and consistent reduction in LDL-C in clinical trials.

On-site treatment of avalanche victims: Scoping review and 2023 recommendations of the international commission for mountain emergency medicine (ICAR MedCom).

Introduction: The International Commission for Mountain Emergency Medicine (ICAR MedCom) developed updated recommendations for the management of avalanche victims.

Methods: ICAR MedCom created Population Intervention Comparator Outcome (PICO) questions and conducted a scoping review of the literature. We evaluated and graded the evidence using the American College of Chest Physicians system.

Clinimetric Properties of Outcome Measures in Bronchiectasis.

There is a lack of outcome measures with robust clinimetric properties in bronchiectasis. To determine the clinimetric properties (reliability over 1 year during clinical stability and responsiveness over the course of antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbation) of objective and patient-reported outcome measures. This multicenter cohort study included adults with bronchiectasis from seven hospitals in the United Kingdom.

Can artificial intelligence pass the Fellowship of the Royal College of Radiologists examination? Multi-reader diagnostic accuracy study.

Objective: To determine whether an artificial intelligence candidate could pass the rapid (radiographic) reporting component of the Fellowship of the Royal College of Radiologists (FRCR) examination.

Design: Prospective multi-reader diagnostic accuracy study.

Setting: United Kingdom.

A scoping review of clinical practices and adherence to UK national guidance related to the placement and position confirmation of adult nasogastric feeding tubes.

Introduction: The administration of nutrition or medication into the lungs or pleura via a misplaced nasogastric feeding tube is considered a never event. Despite guidance from the National Patient Safety Agency and NHS Improvement this never event is regularly reported. Confirmation of correct placement and correct use of nasogastric tubes requires appropriate actions and decisions by a multidisciplinary team.

Complications associated with lumbar discectomy surgical techniques: a systematic review.

Background: Open discectomy (OD) and microdiscectomy (MD) are routine procedures for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS), such as micro-endoscopic discectomy (MED) and full endoscopic discectomy (FED), offers potential advantages (less pain, less bleeding, shorter hospitalisation and earlier return to work), but their complications have not yet been fully evaluated. The aim of this paper was to identify the frequency of these complications with a focus on MIS in comparison to OD/MD.

Safety and Efficacy of the NVX-CoV2373 Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine at Completion of the Placebo-Controlled Phase of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The recombinant protein-based vaccine, NVX-CoV2373, demonstrated 89.7% efficacy against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a phase 3, randomized, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled trial in the United Kingdom. The protocol was amended to include a blinded crossover.

Anti-cholinergic drug burden in patients with dementia increases after hospital admission: a multicentre cross-sectional study.

Background: Anticholinergic medications are drugs that block cholinergic transmission, either as their primary therapeutic action or as a secondary effect. Patients with dementia may be particularly sensitive to the central effects of anticholinergic drugs. Anticholinergics also antagonise the effects of the main dementia treatment, cholinesterase inhibitors.

Periprocedural safety profile of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM)-a retrospective analysis of adverse events according to two different classifications.

Background: Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is nowadays a standard method for treatment of achalasia; nevertheless, it remains an invasive intervention with corresponding risk of adverse events (AEs). The classification and grading of AEs are still a matter of discussion. The aim of our retrospective study was to assess the occurrence of all "undesirable" events and "true" adverse events in patients undergoing POEM and to compare the outcomes when either Clavien-Dindo classification (CDC) or American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) lexicon classification applied.

Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage: A systematic review.

Background: Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography is a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure that involves inserting a needle into the biliary tree, followed by the immediate insertion of a catheter. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) is a novel technique that allows BD by echoendoscopy and fluoroscopy using a stent from the biliary tree to the gastrointestinal tract.

Aim: To compare the technical aspects and outcomes of percutaneous transhepatic BD (PTBD) and EUS-BD.

The efficacy of preliminary clinical evaluation for emergency department chest radiographs with trauma presentations in pre- and post-training situations.

Introduction: The chest X-ray (CXR) is the most frequently performed radiographic examination. This study evaluates radiographers' ability to localise traumatic CXR pathology and provide a preliminary clinical evaluation (PCE) for these cases.

Methods: This observer study was performed in a district general hospital in the United Kingdom (UK).

Results of shared learning of a new magnetic seed localisation device - A UK iBRA-NET breast cancer localisation study.

Introduction: Shared learning is imperative in the assessment and safe implementation of new healthcare interventions. Magnetic seeds (Magseed®) potentially offer logistical benefit over wire localisation for non-palpable breast lesions but few data exist on outcomes comparing these techniques. A national registration study (iBRA-NET) was conducted to collate device outcomes.

Allied health professionals' perceptions of research in the United Kingdom national health service: a survey of research capacity and culture.

Background: With growing recognition of the importance of research in allied healthcare, the new Health Education England (HEE) research strategy articulates a need to transform Allied Health Professional (AHP) identities, culture and roles. An understanding of current AHP research capacity and culture is first required.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey targeted AHPs working in NHS health and social care settings across the United Kingdom.

Oxytocin: An Old Hormone, a Novel Psychotropic Drug and its Possible Use in Treating Psychiatric Disorders.

Background: Oxytocin is a nonapeptide synthesized in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus. Historically, this molecule has been involved as a key factor in the formation of infant attachment, maternal behavior and pair bonding and, more generally, in linking social signals with cognition, behaviors and reward. In the last decades, the whole oxytocin system has gained a growing interest as it was proposed to be implicated in etiopathogenesis of several neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Calcaneocuboid capsuloligamentous soft-tissue entrapment: a rare cause of acquired equinovarus deformity.

Acquired equinovarus deformity is rare, with most cases related to congenital disorders such as clubfoot. We describe a unique case of traumatic capsuloligamentous soft-tissue entrapment within the calcaneocuboid joint in a 13-year-old girl, causing an acquired equinovarus deformity. This required surgical exploration and joint fixation.