Indian Ayurvedic medicine: Overview and application to brain cancer.

Ayurveda is the traditional medicine system of India, and has been in practice for millennia. It is a traditional approach that uses 1000's of different plant preparations in various combinations for treatment of human ailments, including cancer. Ethnopharmacological and phytochemical analyses are now elucidating the bioactive constituents of the different plant species and herbal formulations, including ashwagandha, curcumin, guduchi, triphala, and others.

Short- and Long-Term Outcomes of Suboptimal Medication Adherence in Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Literature Review.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with severe and life-long consequences. Adolescents and young adults represent a particularly vulnerable subgroup because of the unique demands of their developmental stage. Despite the well-known efficacy of medication treatment for ADHD, there remains a notable concern regarding poor medication adherence in this population.

Antiepileptic Strategies for Patients with Primary and Metastatic Brain Tumors.

Seizure activity is common in patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors, affecting more than 50% of cases over the course of their disease. Several mechanisms contribute to brain tumor-related epilepsy (BTRE), including a pro-inflammatory environment, excessive secretion of glutamate and an increase in neuronal excitatory tone, reduction of GABAergic inhibitory activity, and an increase in 2-hydroxygluturate production in isocitrate dehydrogenase mutant tumors. After a verified seizure in a brain tumor patient, the consensus is that BTRE has developed, and it is necessary to initiate an antiepileptic drug (AED).

Modification of an Intervention to Improve Adherence in Adolescents and Young Adults With Bipolar Disorder.

Objective: Managing bipolar disorder (BD) is particularly challenging for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) ages 16 to 21. Few interventions exist that address self-management in AYAs with BD. Thus, this study aimed to modify the customized adherence enhancement behavioral intervention for AYAs through an iterative, patient-centered process.

Distinction between epileptic and non-epileptic arousal by heart rate change.

Objective: We investigated the difference in heart rate (HR) change between epileptic and non-epileptic arousals in adult patients with epilepsy (PWE).

Methods: This is a case-control study conducted at the University Hospitals of Cleveland Medical Center. Inclusion criteria are (1) adult (≥18 years old) PWE who had arousal related to a focal aware or impaired awareness automatism seizure with or without focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure during an Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (EMU) admission between January 2009 and January 2021 or (2) adult PWE who had a non-epileptic arousal during an EMU admission between July 2020 and January 2021.

Earlier Use of Long-Acting Injectable Paliperidone Palmitate Versus Oral Antipsychotics in Patients With Schizophrenia: An Integrated Patient-Level Post Hoc Analysis.

To assess the efficacy and safety of paliperidone palmitate (PP) long-acting injectable antipsychotic (LAI) versus oral antipsychotic (OAP) treatment in adult patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (per or criteria) and varying duration of illness (0-3 years and > 3 years). Patient-level data from the PRIDE, PROSIPAL, and DREaM studies were included in a post hoc analysis. Efficacy and safety outcomes, including relapse assessments, Personal and Social Performance scale scores, Medication Satisfaction Questionnaire total scores, and treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), were measured systematically.

Health Disparities among Rural Individuals with Mental Health Conditions: A Systematic Literature Review.

There is growing concern about the availability of healthcare services for rural patients. This systematic literature review evaluates original research on health disparities among rural and urban populations with mental health conditions in North America. Using PRISMA guidelines, we used four electronic databases (Pubmed, Cochrane, PsychInfo, Web of Science) and hand searches and included original research conducted in the United States or Canada before July 2021 that compared health outcomes of patients with any mental health disorder in rural versus non-rural areas.

Inflammation associated with left ventricular hypertrophy in bipolar disorder: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: Inflammation has received increasing attention as a contributor to the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) and cardiac hypertrophy into heart failure (HF). Accordingly, we chose BD-related inflammatory markers to investigate their relationships with cardiac left ventricular function and structure in BD.

Methods: Sixty physically healthy and euthymic patients with bipolar I disorder were recruited to compare with 50 healthy normal controls.

Prediction of postnatal circulation in pulmonary atresia/critical stenosis with intact ventricular septum: systematic review and external validation of models.

Objective: A favorable postnatal prognosis in cases of pulmonary atresia/critical stenosis with intact ventricular septum (PA/CS-IVS) is generally equated with the possibility of achieving biventricular (BV) repair. Identification of fetuses that will have postnatal univentricular (UV) circulation is key for prenatal counseling, optimization of perinatal care and decision-making regarding fetal therapy. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of published models for predicting postnatal circulation in PA/CS-IVS using a large internationally derived validation cohort.

A Case Study of Hidradenitis Suppurativa.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a complex, chronic, inflammatory skin disease that is often unrecognized or misdiagnosed. Patients frequently present to with painful nodules, inflammatory papules, sinus tracts, and scarring to intertriginous areas seeking care to alleviate symptoms. There is a paucity of information available specifically aimed to educate emergency nurse practitioners on how to recognize, diagnose, and treat this population.

Effective engagement of a stakeholder advisory board in severe mental illness (SMI) research: A case study of a clinical trial to improve adherence among people with SMI and hypertension.

Objective: Poor adherence to antihypertensive medication occurs in 50-80% of patients. An ongoing randomized controlled trial (RCT) is evaluating a personalized mobile-health intervention in poorly adherent hypertensive persons with bipolar disorder. To enhance efficacy, the ongoing trial elicited guidance from a Stakeholder Advisory Board (SAB) comprised of patients, family members, clinicians, and health system administrators.

Premature discontinuation among individuals with epilepsy participating in epilepsy self-management research interventions.

Objective: The Managing Epilepsy Well (MEW) Network conducts epilepsy self-management (ESM) intervention development, testing, and archival clinical trials data analyses in the MEW Network Integrated Database (MEW-DB). However, not all trial participants fully benefit from ESM due to prematurely discontinuing program participation. This analysis sought to identify demographic and clinical predictors of premature discontinuation (PD) of ESM interventions available in the MEW-DB.

Pre COVID-19 Pandemic Use of Telemedicine for Adherence Promotion in Patients with Psychotic Disorders: A Literature Review.

Introduction: Given the increasing use of telepsychiatry and to serve as a reference point informing future research, our team evaluated the literature on the use of telepsychiatry for medication adherence promotion prior to the COVID-19 pandemic among patients with psychotic disorders.

Methods: A search of PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsycINFO was conducted using PRISMA guidelines to identify telepsychiatry interventions to enhance medication adherence in patients with primary psychotic disorders. Both quantitative and qualitative data were extracted from the identified articles including study characteristics, interventions, and outcomes.

Association between status epilepticus and cardiorespiratory comorbidity in patients with epilepsy: A population-based study.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between status epilepticus (SE) and cardiorespiratory comorbidity in patients with epilepsy.

Methods: We conducted a population-based study using cloud-based aggregated electronic medical records from >53 million patients in the US (Explorys, IBM Watson; January 1999 to November 2020). During the study period, we identified patients with epilepsy with SE.

Vaccine-preventable disease hospitalized patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

Background: Over five million Americans suffer from heart failure (HF), and this is associated with multiple chronic comorbidities and recurrent decompensation. Currently, there is an increased incidence in vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). We aim to investigate the impact of HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in patients hospitalized with VPDs.

Biomechanics of the Distal Tibiofibular Syndesmosis: A Systematic Review of Cadaveric Studies.

Background: This investigation's purpose was to perform a systematic review of the literature examining the biomechanics of the ligaments comprising the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis with specific attention to their resistance to translational and rotational forces. Although current syndesmosis repair techniques can achieve an anatomic reduction, they may not reapproximate native ankle biomechanics, resulting in loss of reduction, joint overconstraint, or lack of external rotation resistance. Armed with a contemporary understanding of individual ligament biomechanics, future operative strategies can target key stabilizing structure(s), translating to a repair better equipped to resist anatomic displacing forces.

Barriers to telemedicine among physicians in epilepsy care during the COVID-19 pandemic: A national-level cross-sectional survey in Japan.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the unwillingness of physicians involved in epilepsy care to continue telemedicine during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Japan.

Method: This was a national-level cross-sectional survey initiated by Japan Young Epilepsy Section (YES-Japan) which is a national chapter of The Young Epilepsy Section of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE-YES). We asked physicians who conducted telemedicine in patients with epilepsy (PWE) during the COVID-19 pandemic at four clinics and 21 hospitals specializing in epilepsy care in Japan from March 1 to April 30, 2021.

Risk factors for psychological distress in electroencephalography technicians during the COVID-19 pandemic: A national-level cross-sectional survey in Japan.

Objective: To identify the risk factors for psychological distress in electroencephalography (EEG) technicians during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Method: In this national-level cross-sectional survey initiated by Japan Young Epilepsy Section (YES-Japan), which is a national chapter of The Young Epilepsy Section of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE-YES), a questionnaire was administered to 173 technicians engaged in EEG at four clinics specializing in epilepsy care and 20 hospitals accredited as (quasi-) epilepsy centers or epilepsy training facilities in Japan from March 1 to April 30, 2021. We collected data on participants' profiles, information about work, and psychological distress outcome measurements, such as the K-6 and Tokyo Metropolitan Distress Scale for Pandemic (TMDP).

Association between telemedicine and incidence of status epilepticus during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the association between telemedicine and the incidence of status epilepticus (SE) in patients with epilepsy (PWE) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic using a large population database in the United States.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of a private, cloud-based healthcare platform (Explorys Inc., Cleveland, Ohio, USA).