Neurological complications of immune checkpoint inhibitors: a practical guide.

Immune checkpoint inhibition unleashes the power of the immune system against tumour cells. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) block the inhibitory effects of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4, programmed death protein 1, programmed death ligand 1 and lymphocyte activation gene 3 molecules on T-cells, and so enhance physiological cytotoxic effects. ICIs can significantly improve survival from cancers, including those previously associated with poor treatment response, such as metastatic melanoma.

Correction to "Effectiveness of an unguided modular online intervention for highly anxious parents in preventing anxiety in their children: a parallel group randomised controlled trial" [The Lancet Regional Health - Europe, Volume 45, October 2024, 101038].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.

RECENT TRENDS IN THE USE OF CELL SALVAGER FOR ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA AND ELECTIVE SURGERIES-A NARRATIVE REVIEW.

Intraoperative blood loss management is a critical concern in orthopaedic surgeries, particularly in trauma and complex elective procedures. Traditionally, allogeneic blood transfusions have been used to manage significant blood loss, but they carry risks such as transfusion reactions, infections, and increased healthcare costs. Cell salvage, or autotransfusion, offers a safer alternative by collecting, processing, and reinfusing the patient's own blood during surgery.

Virtual reality technology for pain management in advanced cancer.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: Primarily, to determine the effectiveness of a virtual reality (VR) intervention compared to an alternative or no intervention for people living with advanced cancer: on pain intensity, adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs); and secondarily, on additional pain properties (e.g.

Timing of Aortic Valve Intervention in the Management of Aortic Stenosis.

Aortic stenosis (AS) affects about 12% of people aged ≥75 years. Accumulating evidence on the prognostic importance of cardiac damage in patients with asymptomatic and less than severe AS supports the proposition of advancing aortic valve replacement (AVR) to earlier disease stages. Potential benefits of earlier treatment, including prevention of cardiac damage progression and reduced cardiovascular hospitalizations, need to be balanced against the earlier procedural risk and subsequent lifetime management after AVR.

A novel multisite model to facilitate hepatitis C virus elimination in people experiencing homelessness.

Background & Aims: Only a handful of countries are on target to achieve elimination of HCV by 2030. People experiencing homelessness (PEH) remain an important HCV reservoir. The END C study evaluated clinical, patient reported, and health economic outcomes of a decentralised integrated model.

Impact of a hub-and-spoke approach to hospital antimicrobial stewardship programmes on antibiotic use in Zambia.

Background: Antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASPs) aim to optimize antibiotic use and prevent antimicrobial resistance.

Objective: This study assessed the impact of ASPs, initiated using a hub-and-spoke approach, on antibiotic use in Zambian public hospitals.

Methods: A pre-post study was conducted in 10 ASP-naive hospitals across Zambia using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s hospital-based ASP core elements (i.

Impact of parathyroidectomy on quality of life in primary hyperparathyroidism.

Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) frequently report symptoms that are associated with the disease and impact on their quality of life (QoL). While parathyroidectomy corrects calcium and PTH levels, its impact on improving patients' QoL is not clear. In this single centre prospective study, we aimed to assess the impact of a parathyroidectomy on PHPT patients' pre and post parathyroidectomy QoL over a period of three years and nine months.

Perspectives of people with HIV on implementing long acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine in clinics and community settings in the UK: results from the anti-sexist, anti-racist, anti-ageist ILANA study.

Introduction: The equity-focused ILANA study evaluated feasibility, acceptability, appropriateness of delivering on-label two-monthly cabotegravir and rilpivirine (CAB+RPV) injections for HIV-1 therapy in clinics and community settings.

Methods: The study, which mandated inclusive recruitment, was conducted May-December 2022 at six UK sites. Injections were delivered in clinic (months 1-6), and in clinic or community setting according to patient choice (months 6-12).

Mimic of massive pulmonary embolism: heparin-induced thrombocytopaenia (HIT)-associated anaphylactoid reactions following subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin.

A female in her 60s was admitted via the emergency department following a respiratory collapse at home. She was profoundly hypoxic and hypertensive. For 1 week prior, she had been self-administering subcutaneous (SC) low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for a small postoperative pulmonary embolism (PE) and reported worsening, self-resolving episodes of breathlessness 1 hour post-injection.

Assessing the sensitivity and acceptability of the Royal Marsden Palliative Care Referral "Triggers" Tool for outpatients with cancer.

Purpose: To evaluate the use, acceptability, and experience of a seven-item palliative care referral screening tool in an outpatient oncology setting.

Methods: A two-phase convergent parallel mixed-methods study. Patient participants who met any of the "Royal Marsden Triggers Tool" criteria were compared with those who did not in terms of demographic data, palliative care needs (Integrated Palliative Outcome Scale, IPOS) and quality of life indicators (EORTC-QLQ-C30).

Modified Transepithelial Phototherapeutic Keratectomy for Band Keratopathy.

To report the outcomes of novel modified transepithelial phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) in treating band keratopathy (BK). A retrospective analysis was performed on patients who underwent PTK for BK at the Sussex Eye Laser Clinic, Nuffield Health, Brighton. Patients with BK obscuring the visual axis, affecting visual acuity, or causing discomfort were considered for PTK.

An International Survey of the Diagnosis and Management of Ménière's Disease Amongst Otolaryngology Consultants.

Ménière's Disease (MD) is a disease that may be difficult to diagnose and manage. Our UK survey showed variability in the practice of UK Otolaryngology consultants. We hence surveyed Otolaryngology consultants internationally, to assess their confidence levels in diagnosing MD, their use of the AAO-HNS guidelines and current diagnostic and treatment modalities.