Differences in coping strategies among young adults and the elderly with cancer.

Background: Coping with cancer and the oncologist-patient relationship can vary depending on the patient's age. Our aim is to examine and compare young and elderly adults with non-metastatic, resected cancer.

Methods: Two groups of patients were selected, young (< 40 years) and elderly (> 70) with a diagnosis of non-metastatic, resected cancer requiring adjuvant chemotherapy from a pre-exiting, national database (NEOCOPING Study).

Efficacy and safety of biological therapy compared to synthetic immunomodulatory drugs or placebo in the treatment of Behçet's disease associated uveitis: a systematic review.

The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of biological therapy with cyclosporin A (CsA), azathioprine (AZA), or placebo in uveitis flares and other ocular outcomes in patients with Behçet disease. A comprehensive and sensitive search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library was performed. We selected articles including: (1) adult patients with Behçet's and uveitis; (2) on biological therapies; (3) placebo or active control with CsA or AZA; (4) analyzing efficacy (number of uveitis flares, macular edema, etc.

Psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-5L in patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis: reliability, validity and responsiveness.

Purpose: To study the psychometric properties, including reliability, validity and responsiveness, of the Spanish EQ-5D-5L questionnaire for patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: We included 758 patients with hip or knee OA who completed the EQ-5D-5L and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) at baseline, of whom 644 also did 6 months later. The EQ-5D-5L contains five questions from which a utility index is derived.

New visual field indices of disharmony for early diagnosis of glaucoma, alone or associated with conventional parameters.

Purpose: To evaluate the specificity of new perimetric indices based on harmony, alone and in combination with structural data, for glaucoma detection.

Methods: In this prospective observational cross-sectional study, one eye of 105 healthy subjects and 97 early and suspect glaucomas were sequentially included and examined with Cirrus optical coherence tomography, twice with OCULUS Smartfield perimeter (SPARK strategy) and twice with Humphrey Analyzer (24-2 SITA-Fast) at the Ophthalmology Department from the University Hospital La Candelaria. Disharmony in the visual field was evaluated including vertical threshold symmetry, threshold rank), and homogeneity (threshold standard deviation from its maximum) using the patient himself/herself as a reference.

Intravitreal dexamethasone implants for diabetic macular edema.

Aim: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a dexamethasone (DEX) intravitreal implant for diabetic macular edema (DME).

Methods: Totally 113 eyes of 84 patients were divided in three subgroups: naive patients (=11), pseudophakic patients (=72) and phakic patients (=30). Inclusive criterion comprised adult diabetic patients with central fovea thickening and impaired visual acuity resulting from DME for whom previous standard treatments showed no improvement in both central macular thickness (CMT) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after at least 3mo of treatment.

A Simple Method to Measure Renal Function in Swine by the Plasma Clearance of Iohexol.

There is no simple method to measure glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in swine, an established model for studying renal disease. We developed a protocol to measure GFR in conscious swine by using the plasma clearance of iohexol. We used two groups, test and validation, with eight animals each.

A Quality Assessment of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Sexual Function in Neurologic Patients Using the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments Checklist: A Systematic Review.

Context: Impaired sexual function has a significant effect on quality of life. Various patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are available to evaluate sexual function. The quality of the PROMs to be used for neurologic patients remains unknown.

Early Colonoscopy Improves the Outcome of Patients With Symptomatic Colorectal Cancer.

Background: Long waiting times from early symptoms to diagnosis and treatment may influence the staging and prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. We analyzed the effect of colonoscopy timing on the outcome of these patients.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the outcome (tumoral staging and long-term survival) of patients with suspected colorectal cancer according to diagnostic colonoscopy timing.

Deciphering Tacrolimus-Induced Toxicity in Pancreatic β Cells.

β Cell transcription factors such as forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1), v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog A (MafA), pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1, and neuronal differentiation 1, are dysfunctional in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Posttransplant diabetes mellitus resembles T2DM and reflects interaction between pretransplant insulin resistance and immunosuppressants, mainly calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs). We evaluated the effect of tacrolimus (TAC), cyclosporine A (CsA), and metabolic stressors (glucose plus palmitate) on insulinoma β cells in vitro and in pancreata of obese and lean Zucker rats.

Influence of secondary diagnoses in the development of urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy.

Objective: To study whether there are factors related to secondary diagnoses (SDg) present in patients with prostate cancer that influence the development of urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy (RP).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective multicenter observational study was performed reviewing the medical records of 430 men who underwent RP due to organ-confined prostate cancer in 9 different hospitals. Two study groups were distinguished: Group A (GA): Patients without urinary incontinence after RP; Group B (GB): patients with any degree of post-surgical urinary incontinence.

An Overview of Errors and Flaws of Estimated GFR versus True GFR in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.

The determination of renal function is crucial in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), a population at risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be measured (mGFR) with gold standard methods or estimated (eGFR) with formulas. Since 1957, when Effersoe published the first formula, more than 50 equations have been developed to estimate GFR.

Iohexol plasma clearance, a simple and reliable method to measure renal function in conscious mice.

In mice, renal function evaluated by serum creatinine has limitations. Gold standard methods using radioactive markers are cumbersome. We aimed to develop the iohexol plasma clearance as a simple assessment of renal function in conscious mice.

Contribution of Cyclooxygenase End Products and Oxidative Stress to Intrahepatic Endothelial Dysfunction in Early Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome induces endothelial dysfunction, a surrogate marker of cardiovascular disease. In parallel, metabolic syndrome is frequently associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which may progress to cirrhosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate intrahepatic endothelial dysfunction related to cyclooxygenase end products and oxidative stress as possible mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of NAFLD.

Caenorhabditis elegans AGXT-1 is a mitochondrial and temperature-adapted ortholog of peroxisomal human AGT1: New insights into between-species divergence in glyoxylate metabolism.

In humans, glyoxylate is an intermediary product of metabolism, whose concentration is finely balanced. Mutations in peroxisomal alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (hAGT1) cause primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1), which results in glyoxylate accumulation that is converted to toxic oxalate. In contrast, glyoxylate is used by the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans through a glyoxylate cycle to by-pass the decarboxylation steps of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and thus contributing to energy production and gluconeogenesis from stored lipids.

Early Transthoracic Echocardiography after Cardiac Surgery Predicts Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation.

Purpose: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is frequent after cardiac surgery. We aimed to establish a predictive model of POAF based on postoperative transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) findings.

Methods: This study included 147 patients (aged 67 ± 11 years; 109 men) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and/or aortic valve replacement.

5-fluorouracil toxicity in the treatment of colon cancer associated with the genetic polymorphism 2846 A>G (rs67376798).

Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer in Europe. Most antineoplastic regimens in first-line treatment involve 5-fluorouracil or oral prodrug capecitabine, combined with other antineoplastic agents such as oxaliplatin or irinotecan. It is well known that 5-fluorouracil and capecitabine are agents that can be toxic in cases of decreased dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity because this enzyme is the main limiting factor in the metabolism of both agents.

Facial nerve reconstruction following radical parotidectomy and subtotal petrosectomy for advanced malignant parotid neoplasms.

Introduction: To describe the oncological management and functional outcome of patients with advanced parotid malignant tumors undergoing facial nerve reconstruction after radical parotidectomy and subtotal petrosectomy.

Materials And Methods: A combined approach was used to treat advanced stage parotid malignancies with intrapetrous involvement of the facial nerve main trunk or abutment on the stylomastoid foramen. Patients underwent facial nerve rehabilitation with cable graft reconstruction or with static techniques.

Infectious endocarditis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae in a cardiac surgery patient: a new form of clinical presentation.

High mortality associated with pneumococcal endocarditis is due to late diagnosis and the frequency of complications, which usually require early diagnostic and intensive therapeutic measures. We present the first reported case of pneumococcal endocarditis with simultaneous infection of an aortic prosthetic valve, native tricuspid valve, and permanent pacemaker lead.

Oral pharmacotherapy for overactive bladder in older patients: mirabegron as a potential alternative to antimuscarinics.

Objective: Overactive bladder (OAB) is a particular challenge to treat in older adults with co-morbid conditions taking multiple medications. Antimuscarinics (e.g.

Addition of Simvastatin to Standard Therapy for the Prevention of Variceal Rebleeding Does Not Reduce Rebleeding but Increases Survival in Patients With Cirrhosis.

Background & Aims: The combination of β-blockers and band ligation is the standard approach to prevent variceal rebleeding, but bleeding recurs and mortality is high. The lipid-lowering drug simvastatin decreases portal pressure, improves hepatocellular function, and might reduce liver fibrosis. We assessed whether adding simvastatin to standard therapy could reduce rebleeding and death after variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis.

ICS teaching module: Detrusor leak point pressures in patients with relevant neurological abnormalities.

Aims: This manuscript serves as a scientific background review; the evidence base, for the presentation made available on ICS website to summarize current knowledge and recommendations for the measurement and use of the DLPP.

Methods: This review has been prepared by a Working Group of The ICS Urodynamics Committee. The methodology used included comprehensive literature review, consensus formation by the members of the Working Group, and review by members of the ICS Urodynamics Committee core panel.

Urinary tract infections in women with stress urinary incontinence treated with transobturator suburethral tape and benefit gained from the sublingual polibacterial vaccine.

Introduction And Objectives: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTIs) are highly prevalent diseases. Our purpose was to investigate the relationship between RUTIs and surgical correction of SUI with transobturator suburethral tape (TOT) and to describe the benefit gained from a sublingual polibacterial preparation on RUTIs developed after TOT.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 420 women who underwent TOT surgery due to SUI between April 2003 and October 2011.

Summary of European Association of Urology (EAU) Guidelines on Neuro-Urology.

Context: Most patients with neuro-urological disorders require life-long medical care. The European Association of Urology (EAU) regularly updates guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of these patients.

Objective: To provide a summary of the 2015 updated EAU Guidelines on Neuro-Urology.