4,260 results match your criteria: "University Hospital of Zurich.[Affiliation]"

Background: There is some evidence of reduced major cardiovascular event (MACE) rates associated with moderate coffee consumption in the general population. However, there is concern about the potential risks of coffee consumption in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between coffee consumption and MACE in AF patients.

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Background: World Health Organization (WHO) tuberculosis (TB) screening guidelines recommend computer-aided detection (CAD) software for chest radiograph (CXR) interpretation. However, studies evaluating their diagnostic and prognostic accuracy are limited.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of household contacts of rifampicin-resistant TB in South Africa.

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While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized modern oncology, they are also associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Previous histopathological descriptions of organ-related inflammatory changes do not consider systemic effects of ICIs, because of an absence of comprehensive autopsy studies. We performed a retrospective study on 42 whole-body autopsies of patients treated with ICIs from January 2011 to March 2024 to determine frequency, organ distribution and morphology of ICIs-associated inflammatory changes as well as their clinical relevance.

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Mitral valve repair with the semirigid MEMO 4D annuloplasty ring: early clinical and echocardiographic outcomes from the MANTRA study.

Interdiscip Cardiovasc Thorac Surg

December 2024

Klinik für Herz-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany.

Objectives: Memo 4D is a semi-rigid ring with an exclusive saddle shape and progressive increased anteroposterior diameter. This preliminary analysis reports 30-day clinical and haemodynamic outcomes of the MANTRA Memo 4D sub-study.

Methods: MANTRA is an "umbrella" prospective, multicentre, worldwide post-market study to collect real-life safety and performance data on the Corcym devices.

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Annually, 30 million children are affected by newborn conditions, most in low-income countries, with long-term implications for survivors. We aimed to evaluate neonatal intracranial pathologies identifiable on cranial ultrasound (CUS) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This systematic review and meta-analysis explored the spectrum of neonatal intracranial pathology, in nine databases, using the Joanna Briggs Institute Systematic Review Tools.

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Underrepresentation of women in surgical specialties persists, especially in academic leadership roles. Efforts to better understand disparities and support women cardiothoracic surgeons are ongoing.

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Effects of very early hyperoxemia on neurologic outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A secondary analysis of the TTM-2 trial.

Resuscitation

December 2024

Anesthesia and Critical Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience, Genoa, Italy; Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy. Electronic address:

Purpose: Hyperoxemia is common in patients resuscitated after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and may increase the risk of mortality. However, the effect of hyperoxemia on functional outcome, specifically related to the timing of exposure to hyperoxemia, remains unclear.

Methods: The secondary analysis of the Target Temperature Management 2 (TTM-2) randomized trial.

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Article Synopsis
  • Extremity fractures frequently occur in polytrauma patients, often involving soft tissue, vessels, and nerves, termed mangled extremities, and the decision for limb salvage depends on overall patient condition and limb status.
  • A study analyzed data from 32,572 patients with severe limb injuries admitted to a trauma center from 2009 to 2019, focusing on incidence and management; the majority of fractures occurred in the humerus and femur, with motor vehicle accidents as the leading cause of injury.
  • The study found that patients with severe chest trauma were more likely to undergo surgical amputation, but those who had amputations exhibited lower 24-hour mortality rates compared to non-amputated patients.
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Specialised pre-trained language models are becoming more frequent in Natural language Processing (NLP) since they can potentially outperform models trained on generic texts. BioBERT (Sanh et al., Distilbert, a distilled version of bert: smaller, faster, cheaper and lighter.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to determine if a dilatation of the common bile duct (CBD) can be seen in postmortem CT scans of individuals who died from opiate/opioid intoxication and if this dilatation can also be measured for other drug groups.* -
  • Researchers analyzed 125 cases of lethal intoxication using postmortem CT and compared them to 88 control cases without toxic substances, finding a significant difference in CBD diameters between the intoxication group and controls.* -
  • The results showed that only opiate and opioid cases had a significantly wider CBD, suggesting dilatation may indicate lethal opioid intoxication, but this should be considered alongside other evidence in postmortem investigations.*
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Accuracy of an nnUNet neural network for the automatic segmentation of intracranial aneurysms, their parent vessels and major cerebral arteries from magnetic resonance imaging-Time of flight (MRI-TOF).

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

November 2024

From the Department of Neurosurgery and Clinical Neurocenter, University Hospital of Zürich, Switzerland (EC, LPR, TPCvD), The Image Sciences Institute, Division of Imaging and Oncology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands (MdB, LWB).

Article Synopsis
  • - The study aimed to create a machine-learning algorithm to automatically identify cerebral arteries and unruptured intracranial aneurysms using a dataset of manually segmented MRI-TOF scans.
  • - The nnUNet algorithm was trained on 62 MRITOF scans, showing strong performance metrics with a median Dice Similarity Coefficient of 0.86 and an 80% sensitivity for detecting aneurysms.
  • - The results indicate that the algorithm can effectively and quickly extract relevant anatomical features, with future plans to enhance its training dataset and apply it to 3D imaging tools for better treatment predictions.
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Pro-inflammatory macrophages suppress HIV replication in humanized mice and co-cultures.

Front Immunol

November 2024

Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University of Zurich, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Introduction: Very little is known about the role of macrophages as immune mediators during natural HIV infection. Humanized mice are an extremely valuable model for studying HIV pathogenesis. However, the presence of murine mononuclear phagocytes in these models represents a significant limitation for studying their human counterpart.

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Cardiac amyloidosis.

Swiss Med Wkly

November 2024

Amyloidosis Network Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Article Synopsis
  • * Symptoms resemble heart failure, and diagnosis relies on imaging tests like echocardiography and tissue biopsies to detect amyloid deposits.
  • * Treatment varies based on the type and severity, requiring a team of specialists for effective management and improved patient outcomes.
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Intraventricular antibiotics for severe central nervous system infections: a case series.

Sci Rep

November 2024

Neurocritical Care Unit, Institute for Intensive Care, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Article Synopsis
  • * A study analyzed 27 patients over 10 years to assess clinical features, outcomes, and antibiotic use, finding that gram-positive bacteria were more common in community-acquired infections, while healthcare-associated infections had more gram-negative bacteria.
  • * The results showed that 64% of patients had favorable outcomes, which were linked to a rapid decline in white blood cell count in cerebrospinal fluid after starting IVT, indicating that faster recovery rates could lead to better long-term results despite initial severe symptoms. *
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Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly those similar to ChatGPT, have significantly influenced the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP). While these models excel in general language tasks, their performance in domain-specific downstream tasks such as biomedical and clinical Named Entity Recognition (NER), Relation Extraction (RE), and Medical Natural Language Inference (NLI) is still evolving. In this context, our study investigates the potential of instruction tuning for biomedical language processing, applying this technique to two general LLMs of substantial scale.

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Background: The multi tyrosine kinase inhibitor regorafenib is active in metastatic colorectal cancer. Improvement in clinical outcome by adding regorafenib to long-course chemoradiotherapy (LcCRT) was investigated in molecularly undefined LARC.

Methods: Patients with T3-4 and/or N+ but M0 rectal cancer were included.

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Objective: To create a machine-learning predictive model combining prostate imaging-reporting and data system (PI-RADS) score, PSA density, and clinical variables to predict clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa).

Methods: We evaluated a cohort of patients who underwent prostate biopsy for suspected prostate cancer (PCa) in New Zealand, Australia, and Switzerland. We collected data on age, body mass index (BMI), PSA level, prostate volume, PSA density (PSAD), PI-RADS scores, previous biopsy, and corresponding histology results.

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A Rare Case of Hyponatremia Caused by Urinary Retention.

Eur J Case Rep Intern Med

October 2024

Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.

Unlabelled: An elderly man was hospitalized after a fall following an episode of dizziness. During the initial examination, he was found to have a distended bladder, caused by urinary retention. Moreover, he was diagnosed with severe hypoosmotic hyponatremia.

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