Association of urinary eosinophilic protein X at age 3 years and subsequent persistence of wheezing and asthma diagnosis in adolescence.

Background: Wheezing is common in early life, but most children stop wheezing by school age. However, the prediction of course of wheezing through childhood is difficult.

Objective: To investigate whether urinary EPX (a marker of eosinophil activation) in children at age 3 years may be useful for the prediction of wheeze persistence and future asthma diagnosis.

Postpartum Breast Cancer and Survival in Women With Germline BRCA Pathogenic Variants.

Importance: In young-onset breast cancer (YOBC), a diagnosis within 5 to 10 years of childbirth is associated with increased mortality. Women with germline BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants (PVs) are more likely to be diagnosed with BC at younger ages, but the impact of childbirth on mortality is unknown.

Objective: To determine whether time between most recent childbirth and BC diagnosis is associated with mortality among patients with YOBC and germline BRCA1/2 PVs.

Association between polymorphisms on chromosome 17q12-q21 and rhinovirus-induced interferon responses.

Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes on chromosome 17q12-q21 are associated with childhood-onset asthma and rhinovirus-induced wheeze. There are few mechanistic data linking chromosome 17q12-q21 to wheezing illness.

Objective: We investigated whether 17q12-q21 risk alleles were associated with impaired interferon responses to rhinovirus.

Predictive value and interrater reliability of mental status and mobility assessment in the emergency department.

Aim: To investigate the predictive value of both mental status, assessed with the AVPUC (Alert, responds to Voice, responds to Pain, Unresponsive, and new Confusion) scale, and mobility assessments, and their interrater reliability (IRR) between triage clinicians and a research team.

Method: Prospective study of consecutive patients who presented to an ED. Mental status and mobility were assessed by triage clinicians and by a dedicated research team.

"When," "Where," and "How" of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Affects the Human Cardiovascular System: A Narrative Review.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several explanations for the development of cardiovascular complications during and after acute COVID-19 infection have been hypothesized. The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has emerged as one of the deadliest pandemics in modern history.

Autonomic Responses During Acute Anterior Versus Inferior Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Autonomic responses elicited by myocardial infarction vary depending on the site of injury, but accurate assessment using heart rate variability during the acute phase is limited. We systematically searched PubMed without language restrictions throughout July 2023. We reviewed studies reporting autonomic indices separately for anterior and inferior infarcts, followed by a meta-analysis of those reporting the standard deviation of the inter-beat interval between normal sinus beats during the initial 24 hours after the onset of symptoms.

Staging by Thoracoscopy in potentially radically treatable Lung Cancer associated with Minimal Pleural Effusion (STRATIFY): protocol of a prospective, multicentre, observational study.

Introduction: Recurrence rate following radical therapy for lung cancer remains high, potentially reflecting occult metastatic disease, and better staging tools are required. Minimal pleural effusion (mini-PE) is associated with particularly high recurrence risk and is defined as an ipsilateral pleural collection (<1/3 hemithorax on chest radiograph), which is either too small to safely aspirate fluid for cytology using a needle, or from which fluid cytology is negative. Thoracoscopy (local anaesthetic thoracoscopy (LAT) or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)) is the gold-standard diagnostic test for pleural malignancy in patients with larger symptomatic effusions.

Results of the Meso-ORIGINS feasibility study regarding collection of matched benign-mesothelioma tissue pairs by longitudinal surveillance.

Objectives: To assess key elements of the design for Meso-ORIGINS (Mesothelioma Observational study of RIsk prediction and Generation of paired benign-meso tissue samples, Including a Nested MRI Substudy), an ambitious, UK-wide, prospective study that will collect ≥63 matched benign-mesothelioma tissue pairs through longitudinal surveillance and repeat biopsy of patients with asbestos-associated pleural inflammation (AAPI).

Design: A multicentre, mixed-methods feasibility study, comprising a prospective observational element, evaluating recruitment feasibility, technical feasibility of repeat local anaesthetic thoracoscopy (LAT) and patient acceptability, and a retrospective cohort study focused on AAPI-mesothelioma evolution rate, informing sample size.

Setting: 4 UK pleural disease centres (February 2019-January 2020).

[Ischemic heart scombroid syndrome: how to recognize what you know].

Mistreated fish products ingestion can lead to a histaminergic illness known as scombroid syndrome. The disease usually causes cutaneous rash, gastrointestinal, breathing disorders, hypotension with further histamine-related symptoms. Although cardiac complications are infrequent, some patients experienced chest pain consistent with an acute coronary syndrome on admission to hospital.

The use of Platelet rich Plasma in COVID-19 Induced Olfactory Dysfunction: Systematic Review.

Purpose: Different modalities of treatment have been suggested in the treatment for post COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction (OD). Starting with lifestyle modification, smoking cessation, for example, was shown to improve the symptoms for patients with OD. Intranasal and oral corticosteroids have been described in the literature for the treatment of OD.

Tissue Glucocorticoid Metabolism in Adrenal Insufficiency: A Prospective Study of Dual-release Hydrocortisone Therapy.

Background: Patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI) require life-long glucocorticoid (GC) replacement therapy. Within tissues, cortisol (F) availability is under the control of the isozymes of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD). We hypothesize that corticosteroid metabolism is altered in patients with AI because of the nonphysiological pattern of current immediate release hydrocortisone (IR-HC) replacement therapy.

Optimization of polygenic risk scores in BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant heterozygotes in epithelial ovarian cancer.

Purpose: A third of familial epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is explained by BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for BRCA1/2 heterozygotes associated with EOC have been created, but impact of combination with clinical and hormonal risk factors is unclear.

Methods: We genotyped 300 cases and 355 controls and constructed modified PRSs based on those validated by Barnes et al.

Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Metformin-Based Combination Therapy Versus Metformin Alone in Children and Adolescents With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis.

The aim of this meta-analysis is to synthesize and critically evaluate the available evidence on the comparison of the efficacy and safety of metformin-based combination therapy versus metformin alone in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We performed the present meta-analysis according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Eligible studies were identified using electronic searches for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and clinicaltrial.

A low-cost prosthetic orbital simulation model for endoscopic anterior ethmoid artery ligation.

Objective: This study aimed to develop and evaluate a low-cost orbital prosthesis for simulation of endoscopically assisted intra-orbital anterior ethmoidal artery ligation.

Methods: A low-cost orbital prosthesis was built and evaluated by ENT surgical trainees. Feedback was given following the assessment in the form of a face validity questionnaire.

Localization Techniques for Non-Palpable Breast Lesions: Current Status, Knowledge Gaps, and Rationale for the MELODY Study (EUBREAST-4/iBRA-NET, NCT 05559411).

Background: Surgical excision of a non-palpable breast lesion requires a localization step. Among available techniques, wire-guided localization (WGL) is most commonly used. Other techniques (radioactive, magnetic, radar or radiofrequency-based, and intraoperative ultrasound) have been developed in the last two decades with the aim of improving outcomes and logistics.