ECG Patterns of Occlusion Myocardial Infarction: A Narrative Review.

The traditional management of acute coronary syndrome has relied on the identification of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) as a proxy of acute coronary occlusion. This conflation of STEMI with acute coronary occlusion has historically overshadowed non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), despite evidence suggesting 25% to 34% of NSTEMI cases may also include acute coronary occlusion. Current limitations in the STEMI/NSTEMI binary framework underscore the need for a revised approach to chest pain and acute coronary syndrome management.

Self-inflicted oral-dental mutilations (SIODMs) in paediatric patients: a systematic review of case reports and case series.

Aim: Self-inflicted oral-dental mutilations (SIODMs) are the result of an intentional or unintentional action that leads to anatomical and functional damage to the soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity. In paediatric patients they can be associated with both organic and functional diseases. A systematic review was conducted aiming to consolidate and integrate the existing knowledge on SIODM in paediatric patients.

Promotion of Cardiovascular Health in Africa: The Alliance for Medical Research in Africa (AMedRA) Expert Panel.

This proposed scientific statement is focused on providing new insights regarding challenges and opportunities for cardiovascular health (CVH) promotion in Africa. The statement includes an overview of the current state of CVH in Africa, with a particular interest in the cardiometabolic risk factors and their evaluation through metrics. The statement also explains the main principles of primordial prevention, its relevance in reducing noncommunicable disease and the different strategies that have been effective worldwide.

Predicting Success: The Crucial Role of Preoperative Data in Refractive Surgery Outcomes.

Refractive surgery, which includes techniques such as Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK), Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK) and Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE), has revolutionized ophthalmology by offering advanced solutions for vision correction. However, the choice of the technique to be used in the individual patient is highly dependent on a thorough preoperative evaluation. This retrospective study aims to investigate how preoperative parameters, including corneal thickness, topography, and refraction, affect long-term post-operative clinical outcomes.

Donor-derived GD2-specific CAR T cells in relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma.

Allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting disialoganglioside-GD2 (ALLO_GD2-CART01) could be a therapeutic option for patients with relapsed or refractory, high-risk neuroblastoma (r/r HR-NB) whose tumors did not respond to autologous GD2-CART01 or who have profound lymphopenia. We present a case series of five children with HR-NB refractory to more than three different lines of therapy who received ALLO_GD2-CART01 in a hospital exemption setting. Four of them had previously received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Lower Diversity of Amylase-Trypsin Inhibitors and -Released Opioid-Containing Peptides in Ancestral Compared to Modern Wheat Varieties Assessed by Proteomics and Peptidomics.

This study focused on identifying amylase-trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) in seven Norwegian-cultivated wheat varieties, including common wheat and ancestral species, and identifying potentially harmful opioid peptides within the digesta of these wheats. LC-MS/MS analysis of tryptic peptides from ATI fractions revealed that the common wheat variety Børsum exhibited the highest diversity of ATIs ( = 24), while they were less represented in tetraploid emmer ( = 11). Hexaploid wheat Bastian showed low diversity and relative abundance of ATIs.

Effectiveness and Safety of Adalimumab in Patients With Very Early-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Retrospective Study on Behalf of the Porto Inflammatory Bowel Disease Working Group of European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition.

Background And Aims: Patients with very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD), with an age of onset < 6 years, can present with severe manifestations and may require biologic therapy. Infliximab and adalimumab are approved for induction and maintenance in pediatric IBD patients but are licensed only above the age of 6 years. Effectiveness and safety data on adalimumab in this patient population are lacking.

Bipolar vs. monopolar sealer in decreasing blood loss and transfusion rate in patients undergoing two-stage exchange in infected total knee arthroplasty: propensity score-matched study.

Background: Two-stage revision in infected total knee arthroplasty increases the risk of blood loss and the need for transfusion. The present study aimed to test the hemostatic efficacy of a bipolar sealer to reduce blood loss and transfusion requirements after the first stage in patients affected by peri-prosthetic knee infections.

Methods: Twenty-four patients undergoing 2-stage arthroplasty for infected TKA using a bipolar sealer (Haemodiss, Kylix, Naples, IT) were compared with 24 patients of a historical control group in which conventional electrocautery was used.

Critical Issues in the Management of CRMS/CFSPID Children: A National Real-World Survey.

Background: Notwithstanding guidance from the European Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Society (ECFS) neonatal screening (NBS) working group, significant variation persists in the evaluation and management of Cystic Fibrosis Screen Positive, Inconclusive Diagnosis (CFSPID) subjects, leaving many aspects of care under debate. This study reports the results of a national survey investigating management and treatment approaches of pre-school CFSPIDs in Italy.

Methods: In February 2024, a comprehensive questionnaire was distributed to all Italian CF centers.

Impact of optimal secondary cytoreductive surgery on survival outcomes in women with recurrent endometrial carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Management of recurrent endometrial carcinoma (EC) represents a challenge. Although a complete resection of visible disease at secondary surgery (R0) is recommended, the impact of R0 on survival outcomes is unclear and pooled data are lacking.

Objective: To quantitatively assess the impact of R0 on survival outcomes in women with EC recurrence.

Unlocking the power of empagliflozin: Rescuing inflammation in hyperglycaemia- exposed human cardiomyocytes through comprehensive multi-level analysis.

Aims: Hyperglycaemic conditions increase cardiac stress, a common phenomenon associated with inflammation, aging, and metabolic imbalance. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, a class of anti-diabetic drugs, showed to improve cardiovascular functions although their mechanism of action has not yet been fully established. This study investigated the effects of empagliflozin on cardiomyocytes following high glucose exposure, specifically focusing on inflammatory and metabolic responses.

Very low-calorie ketogenic diet reduces central blood pressure and cardiometabolic risk in post-menopausal women with essential hypertension and obesity: a single-center, prospective, open-label, clinical study.

Background And Aims: Obesity represents a crucial modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular complications. Two dietary approaches, Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic (VLCKD) and Intermittent Fasting (IFD) diets, have demonstrated to reduce blood pressure (BP) and produce cardiovascular and metabolic advantages. We aimed to evaluate the effects of VLCKD or IFD compared to Free Diet (FD) on office brachial and central systolic BP levels.

Liver GPBAR1 Associates With Immune Dysfunction in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Its Activation Attenuates Cholestasis in Abcb4-/- Mice.

Background And Aims: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease characterised by progressive biliary inflammation and fibrosis, leading to liver cirrhosis and cholangiocarcinoma. GPBAR1 (TGR5) is a G protein-coupled receptor for secondary bile acids. In this study, we have examined the therapeutic potential of BAR501, a selective GPBAR1 agonist in a PSC model.

Multimodality Imaging in the Diagnostic Work-Up of Patients With Cardiac Masses: State-of-the-Art Review.

Cardiac masses encompass a diverse range of benign and malignant tumors as well as pseudotumors. Accurate histologic identification is essential for guiding appropriate treatment, yet the diagnostic process remains challenging. Although biopsy is traditionally the diagnostic gold standard, its invasive nature and associated risks limit its application.

Laparoscopic versus open resection for hepatocellular carcinoma according to the procedure's complexity: real-world weighted data from a national register.

Background: Minimal access liver surgery (MALS) is considered superior to open liver resection (OLR) in reducing the perioperative risk in patients affected by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). No national-level comparisons exist based on procedure complexity. This study aims to compare postoperative complications, postoperative ascites (POA), and major complications (MC) between MALS and OLR.

Predictive factors of health related quality of life in children and adolescents with celiac disease: An Italian multicenter study on behalf of the SIGENP.

Background: In pediatric patients, celiac disease (CD) may influence the health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Aims: The study aimed to assess HRQoL and further characterise the clinical factors associated with reduced HRQoL, in a large multicenter pediatric cohort with CD.

Methods: The disease-specific questionnaire CD Dutch Questionnaire (CDDUX) and the generic questionnaire Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) were used to assess the HRQoL.

β-Catenin/c-Myc Axis Modulates Autophagy Response to Different Ammonia Concentrations.

Ammonia a by-product of nitrogen containing molecules is detoxified by liver into non-toxic urea and glutamine. Impaired ammonia detoxification leads to hyperammonemia. Ammonia has a dual role on autophagy, it acts as inducer at low concentrations and as inhibitor at high concentrations.

Macular Pigment Changes and Visual Recovery Following Successful Full-Thickness Macular Hole Closure Using the Inverted Flap Technique.

: This study aimed to assess the role of macular pigment optical density (MPOD) in patients with a full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) compared to healthy controls, evaluating postoperative changes in MPOD and exploring potential correlations with visual outcomes. : This prospective, cross-sectional, comparative study included 16 eyes from FTMH patients who achieved anatomical hole closure following pars plana vitrectomy with the inverted ILM flap technique. Each eye underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, including BCVA and intraocular pressure measurements, anterior segment evaluation, fundus examination, and macular assessment with Enhanced Depth Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography (EDI-OCT, Spectralis, Heidelberg Engineering Inc.

Bayesian Sequential Pragmatic Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial Design for PrEventive Effect of MEditerranean Diet in Children: PEMED Trial Research Protocol.

Childhood nutrition plays an important role in the promotion of long-term health. Introducing solid foods in alignment with the Mediterranean Diet during weaning fosters a preference for healthy foods early in life. However, access to nutritious diets remains a challenge in underserved communities.

Echocardiography in the Ventilated Patient: What the Clinician Has to Know.

Heart and lung sharing the same anatomical space are influenced by each other. Spontaneous breathing induces dynamic changes in intrathoracic pressure, impacting cardiac function, particularly the right ventricle. In intensive care units (ICU), mechanical ventilation (MV) and therefore positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) are often applied, and this inevitably influences cardiac function.

The Role of Simpson Grading System in Spinal Meningioma Surgery: Institutional Case Series, Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Although its validity has recently been questioned since its introduction, the Simpson grade has remained one of the most relevant factors in estimating the recurrence risk of intracranial meningiomas. This study aims to assess its role in spinal meningiomas through a retrospective analysis of a mono-institutional surgical series and literature meta-analysis.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature from 1980 to 2023, complemented by a mono-institutional series of 74 patients treated at "Santa Maria delle Grazie" hospital.

Efficacy and Satisfaction of a Chemically Characterized L. Extract-Based Food Supplement for Functional Constipation in Healthy Consumers: Preliminary Results of a Questionnaire-Based Survey.

Background/objectives: L. is rich in mucilage and is traditionally used for the management of numerous ailments including gastrointestinal disorders. Functional constipation (FC) is a gastrointestinal condition characterized by defecation anomalies such as infrequent stools, difficulty in stool passage, or both in the absence of pathological abnormalities.