Longitudinal DNA methylation profiles in saliva of offspring from mothers with gestational diabetes: associations with early childhood growth patterns.

Background: The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is rising globally, particularly among children exposed to adverse intrauterine environments, such as those associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Epigenetic modifications, specifically DNA methylation, have emerged as mechanisms by which early environmental exposures can predispose offspring to metabolic diseases. This study aimed to investigate DNA methylation differences in children born to mothers with GDM compared to non-GDM mothers, using saliva samples, and to assess the association of these epigenetic patterns with early growth measurements.

Dry eye disease and morphological changes in the anterior chamber in people with cystic fibrosis.

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by variants in a gene that encodes a protein essential for water and ion transport in the epithelial cells of exocrine organs. Given the possible relationship of this protein and conjunctival and corneal epithelium, the aim of this study was to evaluate ophthalmologic alterations in people with CF.

Methods: Forty-five people with CF underwent pulmonary evaluation including inflammatory score (IS).

Impact of Omega-3 on Endocannabinoid System Expression and Function, Enhancing Cognition and Behavior in Male Mice.

: Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) support brain cell membrane integrity and help mitigate synaptic plasticity deficits. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is integral to synaptic plasticity and regulates various brain functions. While PUFAs influence the ECS, the effects of omega-3 on the ECS, cognition, and behavior in a healthy brain remain unclear.

Apocynin, a Selective NADPH Oxidase (Nox2) Inhibitor, Ameliorates Behavioural and Learning Deficits in the Fragile X Syndrome Mouse Model.

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is associated with intellectual disability, hyperactivity, social anxiety and signs of autism. Hyperactivation of NADPH oxidase has been previously described in the brain of the male -KO mouse. This work aims to demonstrate the efficacy of Apocynin, a specific NADPH oxidase inhibitor, in treating Fragile X mouse hallmarks.

Olfactory Dysfunction as a Biomarker for Early Diagnosis of Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review.

Olfactory dysfunction and cognitive impairment (CI) have been associated with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), but the mechanisms underlying this association are broadly unknown. This systematic review tends to investigate the relationship between the onset of olfactory dysfunction and CI in patients with T2DM and to explore the potential role of olfactory dysfunction as an early diagnosis biomarker of CI. We conducted a systematic review consulting PubMed and Scopus.

Pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy in microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair-deficient metastatic colorectal cancer: 5-year follow-up from the randomized phase III KEYNOTE-177 study.

Background: Results from the phase III KEYNOTE-177 study established pembrolizumab as a new first-line standard of care for microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair-deficient (MSI-H/dMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Previous results from KEYNOTE-177 showed a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) with pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy ± bevacizumab/cetuximab in MSI-H/dMMR mCRC. Results after >5 years of follow-up are reported.

Glycaemic Response to Acute Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise Performed in the Morning or Afternoon in Healthy Subjects: A Crossover Trial.

Background: The regular practice of physical activity is considered a health promoter and appears to be one of the main contributors to the prevention of chronic diseases. However, the potential effects of exercise on health depending on the time of day at which it is performed have not yet been fully elucidated.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of physical exercise (aerobic or anaerobic) and chronobiology (morning or afternoon) on the glycemic metabolism of healthy subjects.

Rheumatoid arthritis and PLA2R-associated mebranous nephropathy. Cause or coincidence?

Key Clinical Message: The coexistence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and PLA2R-associated membranous nephropathy (MN) is uncommon. It is difficult to demonstrate whether the mechanisms of renal pathology are triggered by RA, but it has been observed that the pro-inflammatory molecules present in RA increase the expression of PLA2R. Rituximab could be effective in both conditions.

Neutrophils as indicators of obesity-associated inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the suitability of routine blood neutrophil values as indicators of obesity-associated inflammation.

Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we assess absolute neutrophil counts (ANCs) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) values in subjects with and without obesity and analyze the weight of both parameters on the disease. Additionally, correlation studies between ANC and NLR with BMI, a parameter internationally accepted to define obesity are performed.

Serological Markers as Predictors of Anti-TNF Response in Children with Crohn's Disease.

Background: To advance personalized medicine in pediatric Crohn's disease (CD), we aimed to explore the utility of serological biomarkers in predicting response to anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF).

Methods: Children with CD were enrolled at initiation of anti-TNF and followed prospectively at 4 and 12 months thereafter, as well as at last follow-up. At baseline, 10 serological markers of the "PROMETHEUS® IBD sgi Diagnostic test" were measured, including pANCA, ASCA IgG and IgA, anti-CBir1, anti-OmpC, anti-A4-Fla2, anti-Fla-X, SAA, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1.

Utility of very high-pressure valves in persistent symptomatic shunt overdrainage.

Introduction: Shunt overdrainage is one of the long-term complications associated with ventriculoperitoneal shunts. Treatment of refractory cases may require further upgrading of both the valve opening pressure and antisiphon device. The aim of this paper is to describe the results of this combination in a selected group of patients.

Heterozygous BTNL8 variants in individuals with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare condition following SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with intestinal manifestations. Genetic predisposition, including inborn errors of the OAS-RNAseL pathway, has been reported. We sequenced 154 MIS-C patients and utilized a novel statistical framework of gene burden analysis, "burdenMC," which identified an enrichment for rare predicted-deleterious variants in BTNL8 (OR = 4.

Moderate haemophilia A: Recommendations from a Spanish panel of experts.

Introduction: Diagnosing moderate haemophilia A (MHA) solely based on deficient FVIII protein levels limits its optimal management and delays the initiation of prophylaxis. Updating protocols and incorporating new variables into its diagnosis could prevent underestimating disease severity, avoiding early arthropathies and impairing patients' quality of life.

Aim: To propose recommendations to improve the comprehensive management of people with MHA.

Value of Factor V in the diagnosis of early graft dysfunction after liver transplantation: Internal validation.

Primary graft dysfunction is a major early complication following liver transplantation, potentially leading to retransplantation or patient death. Coagulation Factor V (FV) and ALT have emerged as important biomarkers in assessing liver function, yet their role as early predictors of graft loss has not been fully validated. The aim of this study is to conduct an internal validation of published results on the applicability of FV and ALT for diagnosing graft dysfunction and its predictive ability for graft loss within the first 90 days.

Temporary clamping of the uterine arteries versus coventional technique for the prevention of postpartum hemorrage during cesarean section: a randomized controlled trial study.

Background: Cesarean sections are the most common abdominal surgical interventions worldwide, with increasing rates in both developed and developing countries. Postpartum (hemorrhage PPH) during cesarean sections can lead to maternal morbidity, prolonged hospital stays, and increased mortality rates. Although various non-surgical measures have been recommended for PPH prevention, surgical techniques such as uterine artery ligation and embolization have been used to manage PPH effectively.

Experience of caregivers and healthcare professionals using a telemedicine programme in a paediatric palliative care unit.

Background: Telemedicine is a means of providing efficient treatment for children with complex chronic conditions and/or subsidiary palliative paediatric care.

Aim: To evaluate how satisfied families and healthcare professionals are with a telemedicine programme.

Methodology: This is a qualitative study of narrative design.

Intranasal Versus Oral Treatments for Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.

Background: Treatments for allergic rhinitis include intranasal or oral medications.

Objective: To perform a systematic review with meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness of intranasal corticosteroids or antihistamines versus oral antihistamines or leukotriene receptor antagonists in improving allergic rhinitis symptoms and quality of life.

Methods: We searched four bibliographic databases and three clinical trial datasets for randomized controlled trials (1) assessing patients aged 12 years and older with seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis, and (2) comparing intranasal corticosteroids or antihistamines versus oral antihistamines or leukotriene receptor antagonists.

The transformation of Jordan's healthcare system in an area of conflict.

Background: The Jordanian healthcare system has evolved over the past decades expanding its services, technological, and educational resources. A comprehensive view of this system is lacking. The objective of this report is to describe the structure of the Jordanian healthcare system, the challenges facing it, and the current and recommended health policies.

Region-Specific Gene Expression Changes Associated with Oleoylethanolamide-Induced Attenuation of Alcohol Self-Administration.

Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is a lipid with anti-inflammatory activity that modulates multiple reward-related behaviors. Previous studies have shown that OEA treatment reduces alcohol self-administration (SA) while inhibiting alcohol-induced inflammatory signaling. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms that OEA targets to achieve these effects have not been widely explored.

Users remain overlooked: Shared decision-making processes for people with anxiety disorders.

Unlabelled: WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Patients do not always receive enough information about their diagnosis and their perceived participation in decision-making about their treatment is low. Some participants reported feeling very uncertain when the physician invited them to choose between these options. Others users expressed their satisfaction with the trend away from paternalistic attitudes in the health system.