A New IL-6-Inducing Mechanism in Cancer with New Therapeutic Possibilities.

: Interleukin-6 is dysregulated in multiple pathological conditions, e.g., cancer and inflammatory diseases.

Combined portal and hepatic vein embolisation in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: Major hepatectomy in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) patients with a small future liver remnant (FLR) risks posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF). This study examines combined portal and hepatic vein embolisation (PVE/HVE) to increase preoperative FLR volume and potentially decrease PHLF rates.

Methods: In this retrospective, multicentre, observational study, data was collected from centres affiliated with the DRAGON Trials Collaborative and the EuroLVD registry.

Oncological outcomes of standard versus prolonged time to surgery after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal cancer in the multicentre, randomised, controlled NeoRes II trial.

Background: The optimal time to surgery (TTS) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) for oesophageal cancer is unknown and has traditionally been 4-6 weeks in clinical practice. Observational studies have suggested better outcomes, especially in terms of histological response, after prolonged delay of up to 3 months after nCRT. The NeoRes II trial is the first randomised trial to compare standard to prolonged TTS after nCRT for oesophageal cancer.

Practice patterns in diagnostics, staging, and management strategies of gallbladder cancer among Nordic tertiary centers.

Background And Objective: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a rare malignancy in the Nordic countries and no common Nordic treatment guidelines exist. This study aimed to characterize the current diagnostic and treatment strategies in the Nordic countries and disclose differences in these strategies.

Methods: This was a survey study with a cross-sectional questionnaire of all 19 university hospitals providing curative-intent surgery for GBC in Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Finland.

Get a New Perspective on EEG: Convolutional Neural Network Encoders for Parametric t-SNE.

t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) is a method for reducing high-dimensional data to a low-dimensional representation, and is mostly used for visualizing data. In parametric t-SNE, a neural network learns to reproduce this mapping. When used for EEG analysis, the data are usually first transformed into a set of features, but it is not known which features are optimal.

Compositional characteristics of neighbourhoods and of schools as correlates of youths' mental health: A cross-sectional study among Swedish adolescents.

Aims: The study aimed to analyse the association between neighbourhood- and school-level socio-demographic factors and self-reported mental health among adolescents.

Methods: The study population consisted of 3959 adolescents in southern and central Sweden (the KUPOL study), surveyed in the seventh grade (13 years old) and again in the ninth grade (15 years old). Cross-sectional associations were studied between socio-demographic indicators at neighbourhood level (proportion of adults with high education, without employment, of foreign-born residents) and at school level (proportion of students with at least one parent with high education, of students with a foreign background, mean qualification points in ninth grade) and mental health problems.

Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus.

We report a case of primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus.

Vagus Nerve Stimulation Reduces Indomethacin-Induced Small Bowel Inflammation.

Crohn's disease is a chronic, idiopathic condition characterized by intestinal inflammation and debilitating gastrointestinal symptomatology. Previous studies of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), primarily in colitis, have shown reduced inflammation after electrical or pharmacological activation of the vagus nerve, but the scope and kinetics of this effect are incompletely understood. To investigate this, we studied the effect of electrical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in a rat model of indomethacin-induced small intestinal inflammation.

Real-world data on treatment concepts in classical Hodgkin lymphoma in Sweden 2000-2014, focusing on patients aged >60 years.

Treatment for patients > 60 years with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is problematic; there is no gold standard, and outcome is poor. Using the Swedish Lymphoma Registry, we analysed all Swedish patients diagnosed with cHL between 2000 and 2014 ( = 2345; median age 42 years; 691 patients were >60 years). The median follow-up time was 6.

The brain-gut axis, inflammatory bowel disease and bioelectronic medicine.

The hallmark of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is chronic intestinal inflammation with typical onset in adolescents and young adults. An abundance of neutrophils is seen in the inflammatory lesions, but adaptive immunity is also an important player in the chronicity of the disease. There is an unmet need for new treatment options since modern medicines such as biological therapy with anti-cytokine antibodies still leave a substantial number of patients with persisting disease activity.

Virtual EEG-electrodes: Convolutional neural networks as a method for upsampling or restoring channels.

Background: In clinical practice, EEGs are assessed visually. For practical reasons, recordings often need to be performed with a reduced number of electrodes and artifacts make assessment difficult. To circumvent these obstacles, different interpolation techniques can be utilized.

Portal vein embolization with N-butyl cyanoacrylate glue is superior to other materials: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: It remains uncertain which embolization material is best for portal vein embolization (PVE). We investigated the various materials for effectiveness in inducing future liver remnant (FLR) hypertrophy, technical and growth success rates, and complication and resection rates.

Methods: A systematic review from 1998 to 2019 on embolization materials for PVE was performed on Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane.

Surgical Morbidity and Mortality From the Multicenter Randomized Controlled NeoRes II Trial: Standard Versus Prolonged Time to Surgery After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal Cancer.

Objective: To investigate if prolonged TTS after completed nCRT improves postoperative outcomes for esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancer.

Summary Of Background Data: TTS has traditionally been 4-6 weeks after completed nCRT. However, the optimal timing is not known.

Development and validation of an ICU-specific pressure injury risk assessment scale.

Background: Critically ill patients are at high risk for pressure injury (PI) due to critical illness combined with multiple interventions and therapies. It is hence important to gain more knowledge about the risk factors associated with pressure injury development and methods for decreasing its prevalence.

Aims: To develop and validate a clinical useful ICU-specific PI risk assessment scale based on the RAPS.

Evaluation of an AI-based, automatic coronary artery calcium scoring software.

Objectives: To evaluate an artificial intelligence (AI)-based, automatic coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring software, using a semi-automatic software as a reference.

Methods: This observational study included 315 consecutive, non-contrast-enhanced calcium scoring computed tomography (CSCT) scans. A semi-automatic and an automatic software obtained the Agatston score (AS), the volume score (VS), the mass score (MS), and the number of calcified coronary lesions.

Survival in adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL): A report from the Swedish ALL Registry.

Objectives: As new, effective therapies emerge for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), the results of clinical trials need to relate to standard of care.

Methods: We used the population-based Swedish ALL Registry to evaluate characteristics, treatment and long-term outcome in 933 patients with diagnosis between 1997 and 2015.

Results: The median age was 53 years.

Discovering aspects of health-experiences of a web-based health diary among adults with primary immunodeficiency.

Aim: Advances in technology generate new opportunities to develop e-health tools to help individuals in self-management by assessing symptoms of illness and its relation to treatments. Self-management is central when living with primary immunodeficiency diseases. The aim was to explore the experiences of people living with primary immunodeficiency, who used a pilot version of the web-based health diary.

Canakinumab for refractory RA: a case report.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a common autoimmune disease leading often to joint destruction and reduced quality of life. We report a case of a young woman with rheumatoid arthritis with fever and rapid, destructive joint involvement verified with magnetic resonance imaging. She had failed therapy with methotrexate and leflunomide, anti-TNF, IL-6 inhibitor, B cell depletion and IL-1RA.

Post-traumatic stiff elbow.

Post-traumatic and post-operative stiffness of the elbow joint is relatively common and may in pronounced cases markedly interfere with normal upper extremity function.Soft-tissue contractures and heterotopic bone formation are two major causes of limited movement.Extensive recent research has elucidated many of the pathways contributing to these conditions, but the exact mechanisms are still unknown.

"Experiences of the burden of treatment"-Patient reports of facilitated subcutaneous immunoglobulin treatment in adults with immunodeficiency.

Aims And Objectives: To evaluate patient-reported experiences of facilitated subcutaneous immunoglobulin treatment in adults with primary or secondary immunodeficiency.

Background: Decreased levels of circulating antibodies (humoral immunodeficiency) are often associated with higher infection rates which cause problems in daily living, for example, symptoms of severe and recurrent bacterial infections that may cause chronic lung diseases. For some diagnoses, treatment with immunoglobulin becomes critical and lifelong.

Lenalidomide versus lenalidomide + dexamethasone prolonged treatment after second-line lenalidomide + dexamethasone induction in multiple myeloma.

Lenalidomide (Len) plus dexamethasone (Dex) is approved for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). It is possible that single-agent Len may be effective as prolonged treatment regimen in RRMM once patients demonstrate an initial response to Len+Dex induction. Patients with RRMM who responded to first-line Len+Dex in an observational study (NCT01430546) received up to 24 cycles of either Len (25 mg/day) or Len+Dex (25 mg/day and 40 mg/week) as prolonged treatment in a subsequent phase 2 clinical trial (NCT01450215).

Role of iodine-containing multivitamins during pregnancy for children's brain function: protocol of an ongoing randomised controlled trial: the SWIDDICH study.

Introduction: Iodine is essential for normal brain development. Moderate and severe fetal iodine deficiency results in substantial to serious developmental delay in children. Mild iodine deficiency in pregnancy is associated with neurodevelopmental deficits in the offspring, but evidence from randomised trials is lacking.