Citizen Worry and Adherence in Response to Government Restrictions in Switzerland During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Repeated Cross-Sectional Online Surveys.

Background: Good communication between health authorities and citizens is crucial for adherence to preventive measures during a pandemic. Crisis communication often appeals to worries about negative consequences for oneself or others. While worry can motivate protective behavior, it can also be overwhelming and lead to irrational choices or become a mental health problem.

Late re-engagement into HIV care among adults in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study.

Introduction: Little is known about the clinical status of persons with HIV (PWH) who re-engage in care after an interruption. We evaluated the immunological and clinical characteristics of individuals re-engaging in care within the Swiss HIV Cohort Study.

Methods: Participants who re-engaged in care after an interruption >14 months with a viral load ≥100 copies/mL were classified as having interrupted ART.

Transplant and Nontransplant Salvage Therapy in Pediatric Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma: The EuroNet-PHL-R1 Phase 3 Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The current standard-of-care salvage therapy in relapsed/refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) includes consolidation high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT)/autologous stem cell transplant (aSCT).

Objective: To investigate whether presalvage risk factors and fludeoxyglucose-18 (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) response to reinduction chemotherapy can guide escalation or de-escalation between HDCT/aSCT or transplant-free consolidation with radiotherapy to minimize toxic effects while maintaining high cure rates.

Design, Setting, And Participants: EuroNet-PHL-R1 was a nonrandomized clinical trial that enrolled patients younger than 18 years with first relapsed/refractory cHL across 68 sites in 13 countries in Europe between January 2007 and January 2013.

Lysosphingolipid Quantitation in Plasma and Dried-Blood Spots Using Targeted High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry.

Background: Sphingolipidoses are rare inherited metabolic diseases belonging to lysosomal diseases. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management and treatment. In this study, we aimed to develop a robust method to accelerate the diagnosis of these sphingolipidoses using dried blood spots and plasma.

Paediatric Personalized Research Network Switzerland (SwissPedHealth): a joint paediatric national data stream.

Introduction: Children represent a large and vulnerable patient group. However, the evidence base for most paediatric diagnostic and therapeutic procedures remains limited or is often inferred from adults. There is an urgency to improve paediatric healthcare provision based on real-world evidence generation.

Phase I clinical trial testing the dose escalation and expansion of Pressurized IntraThoracic Hyperthermic Aerosol Cisplatin administration (PITHAC) for the management of pleural carcinosis.

Background: Pleural carcinosis originates from various cancers. Its management consists in systemic therapies combined to dyspnea relief procedures. Prior studies have tested hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy to treat pleural carcinosis with interesting patient survival results.

Intracranial multimodal monitoring in neurocritical care (Neurocore-iMMM): an open, decentralized consensus.

Background: Intracranial multimodal monitoring (iMMM) is increasingly used in neurocritical care, but a lack of standardization hinders its evidence-based development. Here, we devised core outcome sets (COS) and reporting guidelines to harmonize iMMM practices and research.

Methods: An open, decentralized, three-round Delphi consensus study involved experts between December 2023 and June 2024.

Randomized trial investigating the utility of a liver tissue transcriptional biomarker in identifying adult liver transplant recipients not requiring maintenance immunosuppression.

The maintenance of stable allograft status in the absence of immunosuppression (IS), known as operational tolerance, can be achieved in a small proportion of liver transplant recipients, but we lack reliable tools to predict its spontaneous development. We conducted a prospective, multicenter, biomarker-strategy design, IS withdrawal clinical trial to determine the utility of a predictive biomarker of operational tolerance. The biomarker test, originally identified in a patient cohort with high operational tolerance prevalence, consisted of a 5-gene transcriptional signature measured in liver tissue collected before initiating IS weaning.

Comparison of methods to normalize urine output in critically ill patients: a multicenter cohort study.

Background: Oliguria diagnosis includes the normalization of urine output (UO) by body weight. However, the rational and the method to apply to normalize UO to body weight are unclear. We aimed to explore the impact of the method applied to normalize UO on oliguria incidence and association with outcomes.

A Novel Training Model to Improve Diagnostic Accuracy of Cervical Fine-Needle Aspiration.

Introduction: This study aims to improve the diagnostic yield of cervical fine-needle aspiration (FNA) through training on a novel liver model. Ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration (US-FNA) is crucial for diagnosing head and neck lumps but requires meticulous execution. Limited resources often hinder systematic teaching, making practical models essential for training.

Mentalizing the Clinical High-Risk for Psychosis Model: A Staged Intervention Framework.

This article seeks to further specify how the mentalization-based approach may inform clinical intervention before the onset of psychosis, that is, during the stage of clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P). We first review the concept of CHR-P, as well as the research evidence of the impact of early intervention. Next, we present evidence for the centrality of mentalizing as a process that may mitigate the risk for psychosis.

Anti-BCMA and GPRC5D bispecific antibodies in relapsed/refractory primary plasma cell leukemia: a case report.

Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is an aggressive and high-risk variant of multiple myeloma (MM) with a very poor prognosis. Given its rarity and aggressiveness, there is a lack of clinical trials testing the efficacity of novel therapies in these patients. New immune approaches such as B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and G protein-coupled receptor, family C, group 5, member D (GPRC5D) -targeting agents, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells and bispecific antibodies could play a role in PCL treatment.

Improved myocardial scar visualization using free-breathing motion-corrected wideband black-blood late gadolinium enhancement imaging in patients with implantable cardiac device.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to introduce and evaluate a novel two-dimensional wideband black-blood (BB) LGE sequence, incorporating wideband inversion recovery, wideband T2 preparation, and non-rigid motion correction (MOCO) reconstruction, to improve myocardial scar detection and address artifacts associated with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs).

Materials And Methods: The wideband MOCO free-breathing BB-LGE sequence was tested on a sheep with ischemic scar and in 22 patients with cardiac disease, including 15 with cardiac implants, at 1.5 T.

From Viral Infection to Skin Affliction: Unveiling Mechanisms of Cutaneous Manifestations in COVID-19 and Post-COVID Conditions.

COVID-19 skin manifestations are multifaceted, ranging from urticaria, morbilliform or papulovesicular rash, livedoid purpuric lesions, and to pseudochilblains (also called COVID toes). Recent insights into the mechanism of these manifestations have highlighted that morbilliform, papulovesicular, and livedoid/purpuric rashes are related to virus-induced endothelial cell damage and linked to moderate-to-severe disease, whereas pseudochilblains are related to an exaggerated IFN-1 production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells in protected individuals. In this paper, we will review the clinical and physiopathological features of cutaneous COVID-19 manifestations in relation to the direct viral cytopathic effects and dysregulated IFN-1 responses.

NAD+ METABOLISM RESTRICTION BOOSTS HIGH-DOSE MELPHALAN EFFICACY IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE MYELOMA.

Elevated levels of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-generating enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) are a common feature across numerous cancer types. Accordingly, we previously reported pervasive NAD+ dysregulation in Multiple Myeloma (MM) cells in association with upregulated NAMPT expression. Unfortunately, albeit being effective in preclinical models of cancer, NAMPT inhibition has proven ineffective in clinical trials due to the existence of alternative NAD+ production routes utilizing NAD+ precursors other than nicotinamide.

Effects of cholestasis and hyperammonemia on dendritic spine density and turnover in rat hippocampal neurons.

Adults and children with cholestatic liver disease are at risk for type C hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and may present lifelong neurocognitive impairment. While the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are still incompletely understood, ammonium and bile acids (BAs) seem to play a key role in this pathology, by crossing the blood-brain-barrier and modifying neuronal homeostasis and synaptic plasticity. This experimental study aimed to investigate the effects of ammonium and BAs on dendritic spines of rat hippocampal CA1 neurons.

Cancer cells impair monocyte-mediated T cell stimulation to evade immunity.

The tumour microenvironment is programmed by cancer cells and substantially influences anti-tumour immune responses. Within the tumour microenvironment, CD8 T cells undergo full effector differentiation and acquire cytotoxic anti-tumour functions in specialized niches. Although interactions with type 1 conventional dendritic cells have been implicated in this process, the underlying cellular players and molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood.

Hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy modulates the immune microenvironment of pleural mesothelioma and improves the impact of dual immune checkpoint inhibition.

Pleural mesothelioma (PM) is a fatal disease with limited treatment options. Recently, PM management has improved with the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). In first-line therapy, dual PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade enhances tumor control and patient survival compared with chemotherapy.

Booster-free anti-retroviral therapy for persons living with HIV and multidrug resistance (B-Free): protocol for a multicentre, multistage, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial.

Introduction: Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) simplification strategies are needed for treatment-experienced people with HIV (PWH) and multidrug-resistant viruses. These individuals are commonly treated with boosted ART regimens and are thereby at risk for harmful drug-drug interactions (DDI). In this trial, we aim to assess the efficacy of the combination doravirine, dolutegravir and lamivudine (DOR/DTG/3TC) among people with a history of virological failure who receive boosted ART.

Long-term outcomes of PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer: survival, adverse events, and post-progression insights.

Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) have revolutionized the management of BRCA-mutated (BRCA) and homologous recombination deficiency (HRD)-positive ovarian cancer (OC). While long-term analyses clearly support the use of PARPi as maintenance therapy after first-line chemotherapy, recent data have raised concerns on detrimental overall survival (OS) in non-BRCA OC, a greater incidence of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and unfavorable outcomes following subsequent platinum-based chemotherapy in pretreated OC patients. In this report we discuss the long-term follow-up results from phase III trials in pretreated OC patients, which led to the Food and Drug Administration's withdrawal of PARPi indications in this setting.

Risk assessment model used to predict discharge care after total hip and total knee arthroplasty: A population-based study.

Background: Transfer to a post-acute care facility or hospital readmission after total joint arthroplasty represent additional costs and increased surgical and health care resource utilization. Accurate prediction of post-acute care factors could help providers to plan the patient's discharge destination and have a positive impact on postoperative outcomes and readmission rates.

Objective: To develop a risk assessment model to predict discharge care after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Prolonged outpatient parenteral antimicrobial treatment: frequency and evolution over a six-year period in a Swiss University Hospital.

Background: Emerging research indicates the potential for early transition from intravenous to oral antimicrobial therapy in certain infections. This trend may have implications for outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) programs, as the demand for prolonged intravenous treatment could decrease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency and evolution of OPAT courses of ≥ 14 days over the years and determine the medical justification for those prolonged treatments.