Socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities increase the risk of type 2 diabetes: an analysis of NHS health check attendees in Birmingham.

Introduction: Birmingham has a significantly higher type-II diabetes prevalence than the national average. This study aimed to investigate the association of socioeconomic deprivation and ethnicity on the risk of diabetes in Birmingham.

Methods: Data were included from 108,514 NHS Health Checks conducted in Birmingham between 2018 and 2023.

The Use of Nitinol Continuous Compression Implants in Orthopaedic Trauma.

Background: Continuous compression implants (CCIs) can provide continuous compression across a fracture site. They are mainly used in foot/ankle surgery, with very limited descriptions in the literature of their potential for trauma. The aim of this study was to describe the use and associated outcomes of CCIs in modern day trauma practice.

Therapeutic interventions targeting enteropathy in severe acute malnutrition modulate systemic and vascular inflammation and epithelial regeneration.

Background: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is the most life-threatening form of undernutrition, and children hospitalised with complications have unacceptably high mortality. Complicated SAM is a multisystem disease characterised pathophysiologically by muscle wasting, systemic inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and malnutrition enteropathy including epithelial barrier dysfunction. There is a clear need for novel interventions to address the underlying pathogenic perturbations of complicated SAM.

Dual-resonance optical fiber lossy mode resonance immunoprobe for serum PSA detection.

Biomarker detection has emerged as an essential complementary approach for early-stage screening of tumors. Conventional methods are constrained by bulky systems, cumbersome operation steps, and low detection accuracy. Here, we demonstrate a dual-resonance optimally configured lossy mode resonance (LMR) immunoprobe for detecting prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a biomarker for prostate cancer (PCa).

Associations of Cumulative Adulthood, Childhood and Life-long Insulin with Adulthood Retinal Microvasculature.

Context: Exogenous insulin is reported to have both vasodilatory and vasoconstrictive effects on the microvasculature. Little is known about the associations of long-term endogenous insulin exposure with microvasculature.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that long-term exposure to high insulin levels in childhood and adulthood is associated with adverse changes in retinal microvasculature in adulthood in a population without diabetes.

Understanding the current provisions of support for people with an intellectual disabilities and/or autism in crisis: A mixed methods study.

Background: There has been significant reduction in inpatient beds for people with intellectual disability and/or autism (PwID/A) in the UK in the last decade following high profile national scandals in specialist psychiatric hospitals. To reduce inappropriate admissions a new strategy (Blue-Light, an emergency multi-disciplinary meeting to prevent admission to hospital) was introduced. However, there is no research on the influence of Blue-Light on crisis management for PwID/A.

Biomarker-Guided Antibiotic Duration for Hospitalized Patients With Suspected Sepsis: The ADAPT-Sepsis Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: For hospitalized critically ill adults with suspected sepsis, procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) monitoring protocols can guide the duration of antibiotic therapy, but the evidence of the effect and safety of these protocols remains uncertain.

Objective: To determine whether decisions based on assessment of CRP or PCT safely results in a reduction in the duration of antibiotic therapy.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A multicenter, intervention-concealed randomized clinical trial, involving 2760 adults (≥18 years), in 41 UK National Health Service (NHS) intensive care units, requiring critical care within 24 hours of initiating intravenous antibiotics for suspected sepsis and likely to continue antibiotics for at least 72 hours.

Efficacy and Safety of Artificial Urinary Sphincters in Female Patients With Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) significantly affects the quality of life in women, causing social, psychological, and physical distress. While artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) implantation is a well-established treatment for male incontinence, it is less commonly used in female patients and is typically considered for cases where other treatments have failed. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of AUS implantation in treating SUI in female patients, focusing on continence rates, revision rates, explant rates, and perioperative complications.

"It's put a routine and regimen in my life" - Participant experiences with a programme of community walking and home-based circuit training for intermittent claudication.

Introduction: The WALKSTRONG trial includes a programme of community walking and home-based circuit training which has been developed for people with intermittent claudication (IC). The aim of the present study was to determine the acceptability of the programme for those who took part, by gleaning their opinions and experiences.

Methods: All participants eligible for the WALKSTRONG trial were approached regarding completing a semi-structured interview, selected from three groups: A) programme completers, B) programme withdrawers and C) programme decliners.

"You need to be supported": An integrative review of nurses' experiences after death in neonatal and paediatric intensive care.

Background: The death of a child can have a profound impact on critical care nurses, shaping their professional practice and personal lives in diverse, enduring ways. Whilst end-of-life care is recognised as a core component of critical care nursing practice and a research priority, evidence about nurses' experiences after death in neonatal and paediatric intensive care is poorly understood.

Research Question: What is the experience of the nurse after death of a patient in neonatal and/or paediatric intensive care?

Method: Following registration with Open Science Framework, an integrative review of the empirical literature was undertaken.

Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Long-Term Outcomes of Adjuvant Therapy in the ESPAC4 Phase III Trial.

Purpose: The ESPAC4 trial showed that adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine plus capecitabine (GemCap) produced longer overall survival (OS) than gemcitabine monotherapy. Subsequently, the PRODIGE24-CCTG PA.6 trial showed even longer survival for modified fluorouracil, folinic acid, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (mFOLFIRINOX) than gemcitabine but had more restrictive eligibility criteria.

DAIR for periprosthetic joint infections-One week to save the joint?

Background: Predicting the success of a Debridement, Antibiotics, and Implant Retention (DAIR) procedure for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) for hip and knee joint arthroplasty remains a challenge. A failed DAIR might adversely affect the outcome of any future revision surgery for PJI. Hence, the ability to identify and optimize factors predictive of DAIR success would help target the procedure to the appropriate patient cohort and avoid unnecessary surgery for patients where a DAIR is unlikely to eradicate infection.

Machine learning in predicting cauda equina imaging outcomes- a solution to the problem.

Purpose: Cauda Equina Syndrome (CES) is a rare surgical emergency. The implications for loss of quality of life through delayed management are high, though no clinical symptom is pathognomonic in its diagnosis. We describe how machine learning based algorithms can be used in triaging patients with suspected CES (CES-S).