Prehospital critical care beyond advanced life support for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A systematic review.

Aim: To assess the clinical outcomes of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest attended by prehospital critical care teams compared to non-critical care teams.

Methods: This review was prospectively registered with PROSPERO and the eligibility criteria followed a PICOST framework for ILCOR systematic reviews. Prehospital critical care was defined as any provider with enhanced clinical competencies beyond standard advanced life support algorithms and dedicated dispatch to critically ill patients.

Modified Delphi expert elicitation of the clinical and economic burden of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in England and Northern Ireland.

Objective: To estimate the resource use of patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), stratified by New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, in the English and Northern Irish healthcare systems via expert elicitation.

Design: Modified Delphi framework methodology.

Setting: UK HCM secondary care centres (n=24).

β-alanine supplementation in adults with overweight and obesity: a randomized controlled feasibility trial.

Objective: Overweight and obesity are characterized by excess adiposity and systemic, chronic, low-grade inflammation, which is associated with several metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and tolerability of β-alanine supplementation and to explore the effects on cardiometabolic health and cardiovascular, hepatic, and renal function in adults with overweight and obesity.

Methods: A total of 27 adults (44% female; mean [SD], age: 58 [10] years, BMI: 31.

Impact of parent-reported antibiotic allergies on paediatric Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs.

Background: Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is crucial for optimising antimicrobial use and restraining emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The overall increase in reported antibiotic allergies in children can pose a significant barrier to AMS, but its impact on clinical AMS care in children has not been addressed.

Objective: Compare the clinical outcomes for children with a reported antibiotic allergy label (AAL) with those with no AAL reviewed by AMS.

Same-day emergency care: a retrospective observational study of the incidence and predictors of venous thromboembolism following hospital-based acute ambulatory medical care.

Background: Same-day emergency care (SDEC) is an expanding area of hospital acute medical care. It aims to minimize delays and manage medical emergency patients within the same day, enabling hospitalization to be avoided; the expectation is that the patients would have required inpatient hospitalization in the absence of the SDEC service. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention is a key medical inpatient safety measure.

Evaluation of Colon Capsule Utilisation in Europe-CAPTURE EU Survey Findings.

Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) is a non-invasive method for visualising the colon, but its clinical adoption has been slow. Although the COVID-19 pandemic reignited interest in CCE, its role in conventional gastrointestinal investigations remains unclear, leading to varied practices across Europe. This highlights the need for a comprehensive understanding of diverse approaches to CCE in clinical practice.

Preoperative smoking cessation interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Smoking is the leading single cause of preventable death in England and also increases the risk of postoperative complications. The preoperative period is a potential opportunity to introduce smoking cessation interventions to smokers to reduce the risk of postoperative complications. A systematic search was conducted to find all studies that investigated the effectiveness of preoperative smoking cessation interventions.

Diabetic foot ulcer photography study: a study within a trial to assess the reliability of two-dimensional (2D) photography for the assessment of ulcer healing in patients with diabetes-related foot ulcers-protocol paper.

Background: The primary endpoint in diabetes-related foot ulcer (DFU) trials is often time to healing, defined as complete re-epithelialisation with absence of drainage, requiring clinical expert assessment as the gold standard. Central blinded photograph review for confirmation of healing is increasingly being undertaken for internal validity. The Diabetic Foot Ulcer Photography study aims to determine the agreement between blinded independent review panel members for assessing ulcer healing status in patients with DFUs.

Computerized adaptive testing for PRWHE measurements using domains of pain and motor function.

The Patient-Rated Wrist and Hand Evaluation is an outcome measure for patients with conditions affecting the wrist or hand. We evaluated the structural validity of the Patient-Rated Wrist and Hand Evaluation using psychometric techniques, then developed computerized adaptive testing algorithms. Factor analysis found two health constructs consistent with 'Pain' and 'Motor Function'.

Airway pressures generated by high flow nasal cannula in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a computational study.

Introduction And Objectives: High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy is an increasingly popular mode of non-invasive respiratory support for the treatment of patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF). Previous experimental studies in healthy subjects have established that HFNC generates flow-dependent positive airway pressures, but no data is available on the levels of mean airway pressure (mP) or positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) generated by HFNC therapy in AHRF patients. We aimed to estimate the airway pressures generated by HFNC at different flow rates in patients with AHRF, whose functional lung volume may be significantly reduced compared to healthy subjects due to alveolar consolidation and/or collapse.

SPEED (SPlEnic Embolisation Decisions) study-Decision to treat acute traumatic splenic artery injury in the context of trauma protocol.

Background: The spleen is commonly injured in trauma and this may be managed with a conservative approach, embolisation or splenectomy. There is uncertainty how splenic embolisation fits into the treatment paradigm and the delivery of IR services remains variable.

Aims And Objectives: The primary objectives are to determine if service design significantly affects splenic embolisation (SE) rates in AAST grade 2-5 acute traumatic splenic injuries (ATSI) across the Major Trauma Centres (MTCs) in England and to determine if variation in treatment affects SE outcomes in ATSI.

Clinical validation of an artificial intelligence-based decision support system for diagnosis and risk stratification of heart failure (STRATIFYHF): a protocol for a prospective, multicentre longitudinal study.

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome. Accurate risk stratification and early diagnosis of HF are challenging as its signs and symptoms are non-specific. We propose to address this global challenge by developing the STRATIFYHF artificial intelligence-driven decision support system (DSS), which uses novel analytical methods in determining the risk, diagnosis and prognosis of HF.

Variables associated with cognitive function: an exposome-wide and mendelian randomization analysis.

Background: Evidence indicates that cognitive function is influenced by potential environmental factors. We aimed to determine the variables influencing cognitive function.

Methods: Our study included 164,463 non-demented adults (89,644 [54.

Exome sequencing identifies genes for socioeconomic status in 350,770 individuals.

Socioeconomic status (SES) is a critical factor in determining health outcomes and is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. However, our understanding of the genetic structure of SES remains incomplete. Here, we conducted a large-scale exome study of SES markers (household income, occupational status, educational attainment, and social deprivation) in 350,770 individuals.

The Anticancer Activity of Cannabinol (CBN) and Cannabigerol (CBG) on Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.

Several cannabis plant-derived compounds, especially cannabinoids, exhibit therapeutic potential in numerous diseases and conditions. In particular, THC and CBD impart palliative, antiemetic, as well as anticancer effects. The antitumor effects include inhibition of cancerous cell growth and metastasis and induction of cell death, all mediated by cannabinoid interaction with the endocannabinoid system (ECS).

Extrication following a motor vehicle collision: a consensus statement on behalf of The Faculty of Pre-hospital Care, Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh.

Background: Road traffic injury is the leading cause of death among young people globally, with motor vehicle collisions often resulting in severe injuries and entrapment. Traditional extrication techniques focus on limiting movement to prevent spinal cord injuries, but recent findings from the EXIT project challenge this approach. This paper presents updated recommendations from the Faculty of Pre-Hospital Care (FPHC) that reflect the latest evidence on extrication practices.

Evaluating the pathological and clinical implications of errors made by an artificial intelligence colon biopsy screening tool.

Objective: Artificial intelligence (AI) tools for histological diagnosis offer great potential to healthcare, yet failure to understand their clinical context is delaying adoption. IGUANA (Interpretable Gland-Graphs using a Neural Aggregator) is an AI algorithm that can effectively classify colonic biopsies into normal versus abnormal categories, designed to automatically report normal cases. We performed a retrospective pathological and clinical review of the errors made by IGUANA.

Ethnic group, socioeconomic position and pregnancy outcome: a mediation model through latent class.

Background: Preterm birth (PTB) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) disproportionately affect women who are Black or Asian. Structural racism produces health inequalities. Identifying latent socioeconomic classes may help to understand the role socioeconomic position (SEP) plays in this inequality.

Evaluation of Magnetic Ureteric Stents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Magnetic ureteric stents offer a novel approach for simplifying stent removal, minimizing patient discomfort, and reducing procedural burdens. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized evidence from 12 studies involving 1,297 patients to evaluate the efficacy and safety of magnetic stent removal compared to conventional methods. Key outcomes included reductions in procedural pain scores, shorter removal times, and high patient satisfaction.

Assessing the Utility of a National Conference on Non-surgical Facial Aesthetics as an Educational Tool: A Survey-based Pilot Study.

Objective: Non-surgical facial aesthetics (NSFA) is a rapidly growing field involving the use of dermal fillers and botulinum toxin for aesthetic enhancement. The aesthetic injectables market is expanding, attracting interest from individuals seeking NSFA procedures. There has also been marked interest among healthcare professionals (HCPs) aspiring to become aesthetic practitioners.

Palliative care management of head and neck cancer patients amongst oral and maxillofacial surgeons: A novel national survey assessing knowledge, decision making, perceived confidence, and training in the UK.

Palliative care strives to improve the quality of life of patients experiencing life-limiting conditions by providing personalised holistic care. Head and neck cancer patients may require palliation at different stages of their disease, thus timely recognition and management is vital when considering supportive care. This study assesses the awareness, perceived confidence, and knowledge of palliative care management of UK-based oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) head and neck surgeons.

Ethical Use of Cadaveric Images in Anatomical Textbooks, Atlases, and Journals: A Consensus Response From Authors and Editors.

Nowadays, consent to use donor bodies for medical education and research is obtained from the body donors and their families before the donation. Recently, the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) published guidelines that could restrict the appearance of cadaveric images in commercial anatomical resources such as textbooks and other educational products. These guidelines state that the donor must expressly consent to using such images for this purpose.