Cervical cancer screening and outcomes for women under 25 years of age in Belgium: a 10-year nationwide study.

Objective: The aim of the study was to describe trends in cervical cancer screening and outcomes for women under 25 years of age in Belgium between 2010 and 2019 in response to a changed reimbursement policy.

Materials And Methods: We used the databases of the National Health Insurance Institute (RIZIV/INAMI) and the Belgian Cancer Registry (BCR) for a nationwide description of cervical screening, subsequent diagnostic procedures and outcomes for women younger than 20 years and women aged 20-25 years between 2010 and 2019.

Results: Over a 10-year period, the number of cytology screening tests and annual screening rates in women younger than 25 years have been reduced by 50%, but no increases in invasive cervical cancer or high-grade intraepithelial lesion diagnoses were observed.

Outcome of breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy during pregnancy compared with non-pregnant controls.

Background: A diagnosis of breast cancer during pregnancy (PrBC) does not impact prognosis if standard treatment is offered. However, caution is warranted as gestational changes in pharmacokinetics may lead to reduced chemotherapy concentration.

Methods: Survival of PrBC patients treated with chemotherapy during pregnancy was compared to non-pregnant breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy, diagnosed after 2000, excluding patients older than 45 years or with a postpartum diagnosis.

Complete atrioventricular block with diastolic mitral regurgitation due to severe lithium intoxication. A case report.

Background: Lithium remains the first line therapy for treatment of bipolar disorder and is widely used in psychiatry despite its narrow therapeutic window. Cardiac side effects are uncommon, but when they are present, they can vary from benign repolarization changes to life threatening tachyarrhythmias as well as conduction time abnormalities. In extremely rare cases complete atrioventricular block with cardiogenic shock can be seen.

Effect of extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal on respiratory quotient measured by indirect calorimetry: Unravelling the mystery.

New Findings: What is the main observation in this case? Several studies have reported progressive hypoxaemia once extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal is started in patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure, possibly attributable to an altered respiratory quotient. What insights does it reveal? In this quality control report, we show that the respiratory quotient exhibits only minimal alteration when extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal is started and assume that the progressive hypoxaemia is attributable to an increase in intrapulmonary shunt.

Abstract: The use of extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO R) has been proposed in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome to achieve lung-protective ventilation and in patients with selective hypercapnic respiratory failure.

Late Clinical Valve Thrombosis After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Despite Non-Vitamin K Anticoagulant.

This study presents the case of a late clinical leaflet thrombosis 1.5 years after percutaneous aortic valve replacement, despite adequate non-vitamin K anticoagulant therapy. Optimal antithrombotic therapy after transcatheter aortic valve replacement remains undetermined.

Patient-reported outcomes after primary rotating hinge total knee arthroplasty: a multi-centre clinical cohort study.

Purpose: Rotating hinge prostheses for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are mostly used in revision setting; however, evidence on the use of these constrained devices in primary setting is scarce and inconsistent. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the functional outcomes after third-generation rotating hinge implants in primary TKA with a minimal follow-up of two years in a large dual-centre observational retrospective clinical trial.

Methods: The hospital databases of two centres were searched for primary rotating hinge arthroplasty from January 2007 to January 2015.

Contemporary management of benign uretero-enteric strictures after cystectomy: a systematic review.

Introduction: Uretero-enteric stricture (UES) is a common postoperative complication after radical cystectomy with urinary diversion. The aim of this systematic review was to discuss the contemporary management of benign UES after cystectomy and to compare the different surgical approaches.

Evidence Acquisition: A systematic review was performed from January 2000 to January 2021.

Prognostic Value of Coronary Artery Calcium Score in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients.

The association of known cardiovascular risk factors with poor prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been recently emphasized. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) score is considered a risk modifier in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that the absence of CAC might have an additional predictive value for an improved cardiovascular outcome of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Paediatric subaortic stenosis: long-term outcome and risk factors for reoperation.

Objectives: Surgical repair of subaortic stenosis (SAS) is associated with a substantial reoperation risk. We aimed to identify risk factors for reintervention in relation to discrete and tunnel-type SAS morphology.

Methods: Single-centre retrospective study of paediatric SAS diagnosed between 1992 and 2017.

Maternal and Neonatal Outcome after the Use of G-CSF for Cancer Treatment during Pregnancy.

Data on the use of Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in pregnant cancer patients are scarce. The International Network of Cancer, Infertility and Pregnancy (INCIP) reviewed data of pregnant patients treated with chemotherapy and G-CSF, and their offspring. Among 2083 registered patients, 42 pregnant patients received G-CSF for the following indications: recent chemotherapy induced febrile neutropenia (5; 12%), dose dense chemotherapy (28, 67%), poly chemotherapy (7, 17%), or prevention of neutropenia at delivery (2; 5%).

Immune checkpoint inhibitors for BCG-resistant NMIBC: the dawn of a new era.

Introduction: High risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is a recurring and potentially lethal disease. To date, with the exception of radical surgery, there are no validated strategies for patients not responding to intravesical BCG therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are currently being tested for BCG-resistant NMIBC.

Optimal timing to screen for asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy: first vs. second trimester.

Objectives: Although current guidelines advice to screen for asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy, little is known about the best moment of testing. The goal of this study is to analyze the optimal timing (first vs. second trimester) to screen for asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy.

Complicated Replanted Finger, 34 Years after Revascularization.

Merely a few reports of late failure (later than the 7th postoperative day) of a digital replantation can be found in the literature. Discussions of the factors that might cause a late failure are concise. To our knowledge, there are no reports of failure in literature as late as the case we are presenting.

Streptococcal pharyngitis associated myocarditis (SPAM): the perfect ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) mimic in young individuals. A case series.

Background: The mean prevalence of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease is 5-6%, while one third of these cases is attributed to myocarditis. Streptococcal pharyngitis associated myocarditis (SPAM) is a rare form of myocarditis which appears shortly after a streptococcal pharyngitis and presents as a STEMI on the surface electrocardiogram.

Methods: We present the clinical course and outcome of two young and previously healthy individuals, diagnosed with SPAM.

Silicone adhesive multilayer foam dressings as adjuvant prophylactic therapy to prevent hospital-acquired pressure ulcers: a pragmatic noncommercial multicentre randomized open-label parallel-group medical device trial.

Background: Silicone adhesive multilayer foam dressings are used as adjuvant therapy to prevent hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (PUs).

Objectives: To determine whether silicone foam dressings in addition to standard prevention reduce the incidence of PUs of category 2 or worse compared with standard prevention alone.

Methods: This was a multicentre, randomized controlled medical device trial conducted in eight Belgian hospitals.

Multicentric Atrial Strain COmparison between Two Different Modalities: MASCOT HIT Study.

Two methods are currently available for left atrial (LA) strain measurement by speckle tracking echocardiography, with two different reference timings for starting the analysis: QRS (QRS-LASr) and P wave (P-LASr). The aim of MASCOT HIT study was to define which of the two was more reproducible, more feasible, and less time consuming. In 26 expert centers, LA strain was analyzed by two different echocardiographers (young vs senior) in a blinded fashion.

First international meeting of early career investigators: Current opportunities, challenges and horizon in critical care nutrition research.

Background: Appropriate nutritional support is a key component of care for critically ill patients. While malnutrition increases complications, impacting long term outcomes and healthcare-related costs, uncertainties persist regarding optimal provision of nutritional support in this setting.

Methods: An international group of healthcare providers (HCPs) from critical care specialties and nutrition researchers convened to identify knowledge gaps and learnings from studies in critical care nutrition.

Transcription factors that shape the mammalian pancreas.

Improving our understanding of mammalian pancreas development is crucial for the development of more effective cellular therapies for diabetes. Most of what we know about mammalian pancreas development stems from mouse genetics. We have learnt that a unique set of transcription factors controls endocrine and exocrine cell differentiation.

Insulitis and lymphoid structures in the islets of Langerhans of a 66-year-old patient with long-standing type 1 diabetes.

Insulitis is a characteristic inflammatory lesion consisting of immune cell infiltrates around and within the pancreatic islets of patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D). The infiltration is typically mild, both in terms of the number of infiltrating cells and the number of islets affected. Here, we present an unusual histopathological case study of a 66-year-old female patient with long-standing T1D, insulitis, and islet-associated lymphoid tissue.

Purification of pancreatic endocrine subsets reveals increased iron metabolism in beta cells.

Objectives: The main endocrine cell types in pancreatic islets are alpha, beta, and delta cells. Although these cell types have distinct roles in the regulation of glucose homeostasis, inadequate purification methods preclude the study of cell type-specific effects. We developed a reliable approach that enables simultaneous sorting of live alpha, beta, and delta cells from mouse islets for downstream analyses.

"It's Hard to Talk When Your Child Has a Life Threatening Illness": A Qualitative Study of Couples Whose Child Is Diagnosed With Cancer.

When parents are confronted with something as fundamental as a cancer diagnosis for their child, it is generally assumed that sharing the emotional impact of it, in the form of talking about it with the partner, is helpful and necessary to cope as an individual and a couple. However, couple communication in the context of childhood oncology is often challenging. In this qualitative research, we aimed for a better understanding of how partners experience their couple communication during treatment of their child.

Ivory Arthroplasty for Trapeziometacarpal Joint Arthritis in Men: Analysis of Clinical Outcome and Implant Survival.

Trapeziometacarpal arthroplasties are designed to restore an adequate level of mobility, stability, and grip strength. In this article, pain and functional and radiographic outcome of Ivory arthroplasty in male patients are investigated. Between 2005 and 2012, the Ivory arthroplasty was inserted in 21 male patients with degenerative trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis, of which 14 patients were found eligible for inclusion.