Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus Probiotics and Gut Dysbiosis in Preterm Infants: The PRIMAL Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The effects of probiotic interventions on colonization with resistant bacteria and early microbiome development in preterm infants remain to be clarified.

Objective: To examine the efficacy of Bifidobacterium longum subsp infantis, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis (BB-12), and Lactobacillus acidophilus (La-5) probiotics to prevent colonization with multidrug-resistant organisms or highly epidemic bacteria (MDRO+) and to shape the microbiome of preterm infants toward the eubiotic state of healthy full-term infants.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The multicenter, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, group sequential, phase 3 Priming Immunity at the Beginning of Life (PRIMAL) randomized clinical trial, conducted from April 2018 to June 2020, included infants with gestational age of 28 to 32 weeks at 18 German neonatal units.

Neural mechanisms underlying improved new-word learning with high-density transcranial direct current stimulation.

Neurobehavioral studies have provided evidence for the effectiveness of anodal tDCS on language production, by stimulation of the left Inferior Frontal Gyrus (IFG) or of left Temporo-Parietal Junction (TPJ). However, tDCS is currently not used in clinical practice outside of trials, because behavioral effects have been inconsistent and underlying neural effects unclear. Here, we propose to elucidate the neural correlates of verb and noun learning and to determine if they can be modulated with anodal high-definition (HD) tDCS stimulation.

Fetal Screening in RH1 Negative Pregnant Women: Experience in Switzerland.

RH1 incompatibility between mother and fetus can cause hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. In Switzerland, fetal genotyping from maternal blood has been recommended from gestational age 18 onwards since the year 2020. This facilitates tailored administration of RH immunoglobulin (RHIG) only to RH1 negative women carrying a RH1 positive fetus.

Evaluation of the Rotational Stability of Directional Deep Brain Stimulation Leads: A Case Series and Systematic Review.

Background: The rotational stability of directional deep brain stimulation leads is a major prerequisite for sustained clinical effects. Data on directional lead stability are limited and controversial.

Methods:  We aimed to evaluate the long-term rotational stability of directional leads and define confounding factors in our own population and the current literature.

Biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs are equally effective in psoriatic arthritis patients with low and high joint counts.

Objective: A lack of representation in pivotal trials currently limits guidance for the use of biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs) in PsA patients with a low number of actively inflamed joints. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a first bDMARD in PsA patients with a low vs high number of affected joints.

Methods: PsA patients with available 66/68 joint count assessments were divided into low joint count (LJC) patients when presenting with <3 tender or <3 swollen joints or high joint count (HJC) patients with ≥3 joints in both categories.

Accessory and cavitated uterine masses: a case series and review of the literature.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report nine patients of young women who underwent a surgical treatment of an accessory and cavitated uterine mass (ACUM) in our hospital between 2014 and 2022 and review all cases described in the literature.

Material And Methods: The principal outcomes measured are the imaging techniques used to determine the diagnosis, the type of surgery used and the post-operative evolution of symptoms. We also report and analyse the 79 patients found in the literature since 1996 in addition to our 9 patients.

Two-screw osteosynthesis of the mandibular condylar head with different screw materials: a finite element analysis.

This study compared the biomechanical behavior of titanium, magnesium, and polylactic acid screws for two-screw osteosynthesis of mandibular condylar head fractures using finite element analysis. Von Mises stress distribution, fracture displacement, and fragment deformation were evaluated. Titanium screws performed the best in terms of carrying the highest load, resulting in the least fracture displacement and fragment deformation.

Treatment after endometrioma recurrence: a narrative review.

Introduction: Ovarian endometrioma is a common subtype of endometriosis with a prevalence between 17 and 44%. The reported average recurrence of endometrioma after surgical management is 21.5% after 2 years and 40-50% after 5 years.

Prediction of post-stroke motor recovery benefits from measures of sub-acute widespread network damages.

Following a stroke in regions of the brain responsible for motor activity, patients can lose their ability to control parts of their body. Over time, some patients recover almost completely, while others barely recover at all. It is known that lesion volume, initial motor impairment and cortico-spinal tract asymmetry significantly impact motor changes over time.

Multi-focal Stimulation of the Cortico-cerebellar Loop During the Acquisition of a Novel Hand Motor Skill in Chronic Stroke Survivors.

Impairment of hand motor function is a frequent consequence after a stroke and strongly determines the ability to regain a self-determined life. An influential research strategy for improving motor deficits is the combined application of behavioral training and non-invasive brain stimulation of the motor cortex (M1). However, a convincing clinical translation of the present stimulation strategies has not been achieved yet.

Women with Cervical High-Risk Human Papillomavirus: Be Aware of Your Anus! The ANGY Cross-Sectional Clinical Study.

Anogenital human papillomaviruses (HPV) are highly prevalent in sexually active populations, with HR-HPV being associated with dysplasia and cancers. The consequences of cervical HPV infection are well-known, whereas those of the anus are less clear. The correlation of cervical and anal HPVs with the increasing number of anal cancers in women has not been studied yet.

Prevalence of anal dysplasia and HPV genotypes in gynecology patients: The ANGY cross-sectional prospective clinical study protocol.

Background: Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) are highly prevalent in the sexually active populations, with a significant burden in terms of health and psychological cost in all class ages. High-risk (HR) HPV genotypes are associated with anogenital dysplasia and cancers, and anal HPV-induced cancer is increasingly observed in women. The interactions of HPV genotype's between the anus and the cervix, and the subsequent occurrence of dysplasia remains unclear.

Intensive Multi-Disciplinary Outpatient Rehabilitation for Facilitating Return-to-Work after Acquired Brain Injury: A Case-Control Study.

Objective: Return-to-work is often the most important objective of working-age patients with acquired brain injury, but is often difficult to achieve. There is a lack of evidence for effective treatment. This study aimed to assess the benefit of a multidisciplinary neurorehabilitation in a daytime hospital on return-to-work after an acquired brain injury.

Altered differentiation of endometrial mesenchymal stromal fibroblasts is associated with endometriosis susceptibility.

Cellular development is tightly regulated as mature cells with aberrant functions may initiate pathogenic processes. The endometrium is a highly regenerative tissue, shedding and regenerating each month. Endometrial stromal fibroblasts are regenerated each cycle from mesenchymal stem cells and play a pivotal role in endometriosis, a disease characterised by endometrial cells that grow outside the uterus.

Identification and selection of healthy spermatozoa in heterozygous carriers of the Phe508del-variant of the CFTR-gene in assisted reproduction.

The pathogenic variant Phe508del of the CFTR-gene is the most frequent cause of cystic fibrosis (CF). Whereas male CF-patients are infertile due to bilateral agenesis of the efferent ducts, the fertility status of male heterozygous carriers is uncertain. We aimed at demonstrating the involvement of the CFTR-ion channel during sperm capacitation and to potentially select variant-free spermatozoa in heterozygous carriers of the CFTR-variant using flow cytometry (FC).

Metabolic syndrome and male lower urinary tract symptoms.

Introduction: Historically, urologists regarded prostate enlargement as the sole cause for male bladder problems. Over time, subdivision of symptoms into storage, voiding and post-voiding symptoms raised awareness of the urinary tract fine-tuning associated with urine storage and voiding, and led to the umbrella term lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), which respects bladder and prostate function. While research goes on, it seems as if the more we know about urine storage and voiding, the more complicated it gets: different mechanism can mimic the same symptoms.

Case report of a challenging medium-sized congenital melanocytic nevus (CMN): Highlighting a role for reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) for evaluating changing CMN in children.

A 3.5-month-old boy presented with a changing medium-sized congenital melanocytic nevus on his leg. Due to atypical features on dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), an excision of the area of concern was performed.

Impact on Bile Acid Concentrations by Alveolar Echinococcosis and Treatment with Albendazole in Mice.

Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) caused by is a chronic, progressive liver disease widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. The main treatment options include surgical interventions and chemotherapy with benzimidazole albendazole (ABZ). To improve the current diagnosis and therapy of AE, further investigations into parasite-host interactions are needed.

Serum Metabolites Responding in a Dose-Dependent Manner to the Intake of a High-Fat Meal in Normal Weight Healthy Men Are Associated with Obesity.

Although the composition of the human blood metabolome is influenced both by the health status of the organism and its dietary behavior, the interaction between these two factors has been poorly characterized. This study makes use of a previously published randomized controlled crossover acute intervention to investigate whether the blood metabolome of 15 healthy normal weight (NW) and 17 obese (OB) men having ingested three doses (500, 1000, 1500 kcal) of a high-fat (HF) meal can be used to identify metabolites differentiating these two groups. Among the 1024 features showing a postprandial response, measured between 0 h and 6 h, in the NW group, 135 were dose-dependent.

Topical Treatment of Psoriasis Vulgaris: The Swiss Treatment Pathway.

Topical treatment is crucial for the successful management of plaque psoriasis. Topicals are used either as a stand-alone therapy for mild psoriasis or else in combination with UV or systemic treatment for moderate-to-severe disease. For the choice of a suitable topical treatment, the formulation matters and not just the active substances.

Machine-learning-based outcome prediction in stroke patients with middle cerebral artery-M1 occlusions and early thrombectomy.

Background And Purpose: Clinical outcomes vary substantially among individuals with large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke. A small infarct core and large imaging mismatch were found to be associated with good recovery. The aim of this study was to investigate whether those imaging variables would improve individual prediction of functional outcome after early (<6 h) endovascular treatment (EVT) in LVO stroke.