Efficacy of ceftazidime-avibactam in solid organ transplant recipients with bloodstream infections caused by carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae.

We aimed to compare the efficacy of ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) versus the best available therapy (BAT) in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients with bloodstream infection caused by carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (CPKP-BSI). A retrospective (2016-2021) observational cohort study was performed in 14 INCREMENT-SOT centers (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02852902; Impact of Specific Antimicrobials and MIC Values on the Outcome of Bloodstream Infections Due to ESBL- or Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in Solid Organ Transplantation: an Observational Multinational Study).

Conjunctival Inflammation and Panuveitis as Manifestations of Ig-G4-Related Disease: A Case Report.

Purpose: To report a case of isolated conjunctival inflammation as initial manifestation of IgG4-related disease and subsequent development of panuveitis.

Case Report: A 75-year-old female presented with a diffuse mass lesion in the temporal area of the left eye, involving the conjunctiva, and an abscessed corneal ulcer. An incisional biopsy was diagnostic of IgG4-related disease with an elevated IgG4/IgG ratio (>40%) and the presence of >10 cells that tested positive for IgG4/CGA.

ERS/ESICM/ESCMID/ALAT guidelines for the management of severe community-acquired pneumonia.

Purpose: Severe community-acquired pneumonia (sCAP) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and whilst European and non-European guidelines are available for community-acquired pneumonia, there are no specific guidelines for sCAP.

Methods: The European Respiratory Society (ERS), European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM), European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID), and Latin American Thoracic Association (ALAT) launched a task force to develop the first international guidelines for sCAP. The panel comprised a total of 18 European and four non-European experts, as well as two methodologists.

Turbinate surgery in pediatric patients: A worldwide survey.

Objective: Impaired nasal breathing is a common condition among pediatric patients, being rhinitis the most common cause. In recent years, turbinate surgery, mainly turbinate radiofrequency ablation (TRA), has increased in popularity amongst pediatric otolaryngologists and rhinologists as a safe and useful technique to address turbinate hypertrophy in pediatric patients. The present paper is designed with the aim of assessing the current worldwide clinical practice regarding turbinate surgery in pediatric patients.

Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Ph-neg chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms: results from the EPICOVIDEHA registry.

Background: Patients with Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) typically incur high rates of infections and both drugs and comorbidities may modulate infection risk.

Objectives: The present study aims to assess the effect of immunosuppressive agents on clinical outcomes of MPN patients affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Design: This is an observational study.

The influence of comorbidities on the prognosis after an acute heart failure decompensation and differences according to ejection fraction: Results from the EAHFE and RICA registries.

Objective: The role of comorbidities in heart failure (HF) outcome has been previously investigated, although mostly individually. We investigated the individual effect of 13 comorbidities on HF prognosis and looked for differences according to left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), classified as reduced (HFrEF), mildly-reduced (HFmrEF) and preserved (HFpEF).

Methods: We included patients from the EAHFE and RICA registries and analysed the following comorbidities: hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus (DM), atrial fibrillation (AF), coronary artery disease (CAD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart valve disease (HVD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), neoplasia, peripheral artery disease (PAD), dementia and liver cirrhosis (LC).

Proteomic Study of the Interactions between Phages and the Bacterial Host .

Phages and bacteria have acquired resistance mechanisms for protection. In this context, the aims of the present study were to analyze the proteins isolated from 21 novel lytic phages of Klebsiella pneumoniae in search of defense mechanisms against bacteria and also to determine the infective capacity of the phages. A proteomic study was also conducted to investigate the defense mechanisms of two clinical isolates of K.

Multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales responsible for septicaemia in a neonatal intensive care unit in Morocco.

Objectives: Neonatal sepsis caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has a high morbidity and mortality, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Here, the molecular mechanisms of multidrug resistance in bacteria responsible for neonatal sepsis were determined.

Methods: From July to December 2019, documented bacteraemia from 524 neonates hospitalised in a neonatal intensive care unit in Morocco were collected.

Cost-effective sequence analysis of 113 genes in 1,192 probands with retinitis pigmentosa and Leber congenital amaurosis.

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) are two groups of inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) where the rod photoreceptors degenerate followed by the cone photoreceptors of the retina. A genetic diagnosis for IRDs is challenging since >280 genes are associated with these conditions. While whole exome sequencing (WES) is commonly used by diagnostic facilities, the costs and required infrastructure prevent its global applicability.

Difficult to Diagnose Cutaneous Melanoma in a Patient with BAP1 Tumor Predisposition Syndrome.

BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1)-inactivated melanomas can occur sporadically or in germline contexts, particularly in recently recognized BAP1-tumor predisposition syndrome. Diagnosis represents a clinical and histopathological challenge, requiring comprehensive analysis of morphology and sometimes molecular analysis in addition to immunohistochemistry. We report a BAP1-inactivated cutaneous melanoma initially diagnosed as an atypical Spitz tumor on the auricle in a patient with BAP1-tumor predisposition syndrome.

Peripheral Ulcerative Keratopathy following Systemic Treatment with Bortezomib: A Case Report.

A 60-year-old patient was diagnosed with multiple myeloma in November 2020, and started treatment in December 2020 with bortezomib, dexamethasone, and thalidomide. Four months later, he presented to the ophthalmology emergency department with inflammation and pain in the left eye. Examination of the anterior segment revealed severe, mixed anterior squamous blepharitis with significant bilateral palpebral inflammation, dysfunction of the meibomian glands, and several styes on both eyelids bilaterally.

How Frequently Benign Uterine Myomas Appear Suspicious for Sarcoma as Assessed by Transvaginal Ultrasound?

Uterine myomas may resemble uterine sarcomas in some cases. However, the rate of benign myomas appearing as sarcomas at an ultrasound examination is not known. The objective of this study is to determine the percentage of benign myomas that appear suspicious for uterine sarcoma on ultrasound examination.

Good practice recommendations to better coordinate the management of oncological pain: a Delphi survey.

Treatment of oncological pain is complex and requires a multidisciplinary management approach between oncology services and pain units. Although significant improvements have been achieved in the treatment and overall survival of cancer patients, the management of oncological pain has not followed the same directions. Many patients are not referred to pain units even though they could benefit from it.

ESCMID/EUCIC clinical practice guidelines on perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in patients colonized by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria before surgery.

Scope: The aim of the guidelines is to provide recommendations on perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) in adult inpatients who are carriers of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) before surgery.

Methods: These evidence-based guidelines were developed after a systematic review of published studies on PAP targeting the following MDR-GNB: extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), aminoglycoside-resistant Enterobacterales, fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacterales, cotrimoxazole-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), extremely drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, and pan-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. The critical outcomes were the occurrence of surgical site infections (SSIs) caused by any bacteria and/or by the colonizing MDR-GNB, and SSI-attributable mortality.

Is caring for pressure ulcers in the intensive care unit in Spain still a challenge? A qualitative study on nurses' perceptions.

Background: The incidence of pressure ulcers is an indicator of quality in intensive care units. Due to their frequency and severity, they are identified as a problem of great importance, where the well-being of patients and relatives is compromised, also generating a high healthcare cost. Nurses are primarily responsible for the care of pressure ulcers, however, the existing literature exposes a clear lack of knowledge regarding its prevention and treatment.

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps management in the biologic therapy era: an international YO-IFOS survey.

Purpose: To investigate the consistency between the international guidelines recommendations and worldwide standard practices regarding diagnostic work-up and follow-up strategies for managing patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP) in the era of monoclonal antibodies.

Methods: A questionnaire developed by the Rhinology section of the Young Otolaryngologists of the International Federation of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (Yo-IFOS) included items regarding the management of CRSwNP patients, monoclonal prescription, surgical and follow-up procedures, awareness of biologicals availability, and other relevant clinical practices. The online survey was directed to otolaryngologists and distributed in Europe, North America, South America, and the Middle East through otolaryngological and/or rhinological societies.

Predictors of inappropriate antimicrobial prescription: Eight-year point prevalence surveys experience in a third level hospital in Spain.

Antibiotic stewardship programs (ASP) have already demonstrated clinical benefits. We aimed to describe the Point Prevalence Surveys (PPS) methodology implemented in our hospital as an efficient tool to guide ASP strategies. Annually repeated PPS were conducted from 2012 to 2019 at a 750-bed university hospital in South Spain.