Cytokine secretion is impaired in women with diabetes mellitus.

Background: As women with diabetes mellitus (DM) have an increased prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) and it is known that a correlation exists between the increased prevalence of genitourinary tract infection and impaired cytokine production in women infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), we studied urinary cytokine excretion in diabetic women and compared it with that of nondiabetic controls.

Materials And Methods: To evaluate the cytokine secretion capacity of women with DM, both whole blood and isolated monocytes of women with and without DM were stimulated in vitro with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Results: Lower urinary interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations (P = 0.

The dominance of behavioural activation over behavioural inhibition in conduct disordered boys with or without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

On the basis of Gray's theory, Quay suggested that conduct disorder (CD) is associated with a Behavioural Activation System (BAS) that dominates over the Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS), whereas attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterised by an underactive BIS. Two studies were conducted to test the hypothesis that the dominance of the BAS over the BIS is more pronounced in CD comorbid with ADHD (CD/ADHD) than in CD alone. First of all, a response perseveration task was used, i.