ETFAD/EADV Eczema task force 2015 position paper on diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis in adult and paediatric patients.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a clinically defined, highly pruritic, chronic inflammatory skin disease of children and adults. The diagnosis is made using evaluated clinical criteria. Disease activity is best measured with a composite score assessing both objective signs and subjective symptoms, such as SCORAD.

Prevention and early detection of prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is a common malignancy in men and the worldwide burden of this disease is rising. Lifestyle modifications such as smoking cessation, exercise, and weight control offer opportunities to reduce the risk of developing prostate cancer. Early detection of prostate cancer by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening is controversial, but changes in the PSA threshold, frequency of screening, and the use of other biomarkers have the potential to minimise the overdiagnosis associated with PSA screening.

Inhibition of circulating dipeptidyl peptidase 4 activity in patients with metastatic prostate cancer.

Cancer is responsible for many deaths and is a major source of healthcare expenditures. The identification of new, non-invasive biomarkers might allow improvement of the direct diagnostic or prognostic ability of already available tools. Here, we took the innovative approach of interrogating the activity of exopeptidases in the serum of cancer patients with the aim of establishing a distinction based on enzymatic function, instead of simple protein levels, as a means to biomarker discovery.

Gene-lifestyle and gene-pharmacotherapy interactions in obesity and its cardiovascular consequences.

Obesity is a highly prevalent complex trait that raises the risk of other chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, certain cancers, sleep apnea, and cardiovascular disease, and shortens lifespan. Clinical intervention studies focused on weight loss and epidemiological studies of obesity indicate that genetic variation may modify the relationship between lifestyle behaviors and weight loss or weight gain. Similar observations have also emerged from pharmacogenetic studies.

Endovascular treatment of acute complicated type B dissection: morphological changes at midterm follow-up.

Purpose: To review midterm results and morphological changes following endovascular treatment of acute complicated type B dissection and to study the relation between extent of dissection and treatment outcome.

Methods: Between February 2001 and March 2008, 52 patients (38 men; median age 67 years, range 40-82) received thoracic stent-grafts for acute complicated type B dissections. Outcome for those patients treated for intramural hematoma (IMH; group 1, n = 7) or type IIIa dissection (group 2, n = 17) were compared to those with type IIIb dissection (group 3, n = 28).

Urbanicity of place of birth and symptoms of psychosis, depression and anxiety in Uganda.

Background: The mechanism underlying the association between urban birth/upbringing and increased schizophrenia risk is unknown. This study explored whether an urban effect might be present in a low-income country setting, where the ;urban' environment may have radically different components, for example urban architecture, pollution levels or social cohesion.

Aims: To investigate the potential association of urbanicity of place of birth and symptoms of psychosis, depression and anxiety in Uganda.

CD47 regulates collagen I-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression and intestinal epithelial cell migration.

Increased epithelial cell expression of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme is a characteristic event of both inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer. We here report the novel findings that collagen I-induced de novo synthesis of COX-2 in intestinal epithelial cells is inhibited by pertussis toxin (PTX) and by an inhibitory peptide selective for the heterotrimeric G alpha(i3)-protein. These findings could be explained by a regulatory involvement of the G-protein-dependent integrin-associated protein CD47.

Evaluation of the effects of exercise on insulin sensitivity in Arabian and Swedish women with type 2 diabetes.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of exercise on cardio-respiratory fitness and insulin sensitivity in sedentary, overweight Arabian and Swedish women with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Eighteen Arabian and 14 Swedish women participated in a supervised 6-month resistance training and aerobic program of moderate intensity. Insulin sensitivity and VO(2max) were measured at entry to the study and after 3 and 6 months training.

A beta cell-specific knockout of hormone-sensitive lipase in mice results in hyperglycaemia and disruption of exocytosis.

Aims/hypothesis: The enzyme hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is produced and is active in pancreatic beta cells. Because lipids are known to play a crucial role in normal control of insulin release and in the deterioration of beta cell function, as observed in type 2 diabetes, actions of HSL in beta cells may be critical. This notion has been addressed in different lines of HSL knockout mice with contradictory results.

Thrombus embolization into IVC filters during catheter-directed thrombolysis for proximal deep venous thrombosis.

Purpose: To assess the frequency of embolization into retrievable inferior vena cava (IVC) filters during catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) and stent placement for acute iliocaval deep venous thrombosis (DVT).

Methods: Serial phlebograms from 40 patients (28 women; median age 32 years) consecutively treated with CDT for DVT during a 12-year period were retrospectively evaluated for visible emboli in the IVC filter. Clinical and procedural data extracted from a prospectively maintained database were evaluated to identify predictors for embolization into the filter.

Palmitate-induced beta-cell dysfunction is associated with excessive NO production and is reversed by thiazolidinedione-mediated inhibition of GPR40 transduction mechanisms.

Background: Type 2 diabetes often displays hyperlipidemia. We examined palmitate effects on pancreatic islet function in relation to FFA receptor GPR40, NO generation, insulin release, and the PPARgamma agonistic thiazolidinedione, rosiglitazone.

Principal Findings: Rosiglitazone suppressed acute palmitate-stimulated GPR40-transduced PI hydrolysis in HEK293 cells and insulin release from MIN6c cells and mouse islets.

Immigrants from the Middle-East have a different form of Type 2 diabetes compared with Swedish patients.

Aims: To compare the clinical characteristics of Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) between immigrants from the Middle-East and Swedish patients.

Methods: The study group included 450 consecutive patients with T2DM, 379 Swedish-born aged 61 +/- 12 years and 71 patients originally from the Middle-East aged 50 +/- 11 years from the diabetes clinic of Malmo University Hospital.

Results: Onset of diabetes had occurred 12 years earlier in the Middle-East immigrants compared with the Swedish-born patients (43 +/- 10 vs.

Prostate-specific antigen at or before age 50 as a predictor of advanced prostate cancer diagnosed up to 25 years later: a case-control study.

Background: Based on a large, representative unscreened cohort from Malmö, Sweden, we have recently reported that a single prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurement at or before age 50 is a strong predictor of prostate cancer occurring up to 25 years subsequently. We aimed to determine whether this association holds for advanced cancers, defined as clinical stage T3 or higher, or skeletal metastasis at the time of the cancer diagnosis.

Methods: In 1974-1986 blood samples were obtained from a cohort of 21,277 men aged up to 50.

Cardiovascular event risk in relation to dietary fat intake in middle-aged individuals: data from The Malmö Diet and Cancer Study.

Background And Design: The hypothesis that diets rich in total and saturated fat and poor in unsaturated fats increase the risk for cardiovascular disease is still vividly debated. The aim of this study was to examine whether total fat, saturated fat, or unsaturated fat intakes are independent risk factors for cardiovascular events in a large population-based cohort.

Methods: 28 098 middle-aged individuals (61% women) participated in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study between 1991 and 1996.

Long-term prediction of prostate cancer up to 25 years before diagnosis of prostate cancer using prostate kallikreins measured at age 44 to 50 years.

Purpose: We examined whether prostate-specific antigen (PSA) forms and human kallikrein 2 (hK2) measured at age 44 to 50 years predict long-term risk of incident prostate cancer.

Methods: From 1974 to 1986, 21,277 men age 50 years in Malmö, Sweden, enrolled onto a cardiovascular study (74% participation). The rate of PSA screening in this population is low.

Delusional ideation and manic symptoms in potential future emigrants in Uganda.

Background: The cause of increased schizophrenia rates among immigrants in Europe is unknown. This study explores psychotic features in persons aspiring and actively planning to emigrate, prior to their potential emigration.

Method: Potential future emigrants and controls in Kampala (Uganda) were screened for delusional ideation and manic symptoms, using the Peters et al.

Swedish health care providers' experience and knowledge of female genital cutting.

We sought to evaluate the experiences and knowledge of health care providers in Sweden regarding female genital cutting (FGC) as a health issue. Questionnaires (n = 2,707) were sent to providers in four major cities in Sweden and evaluated by means of descriptive statistics. Twenty-eight percent (n = 769/2,707) responded, of whom 60% had seen such patients.

Decreased heart rate variability may predict the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes.

Heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of autonomic function, can predict survival outcomes. Cardiovascular disease is a known complication of diabetes, and we aimed to determine if autonomic dysfunction was associated with carotid artery atherosclerotic plaques in type 2 diabetic patients. We assessed frequency domain HRV from power spectral analysis of 24 h Holter ECG recordings, expiration/inspiration (E/I) ratio during deep breathing, acceleration index (AI) of R-R interval in response to head-up tilt, and the degree of carotid artery atherosclerosis in 61 type-2 diabetic patients (39 males, 45-69 years).

The use of implantable cardioverter defibrillators in Iceland: a retrospective population based study.

Background: Indications for implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation have expanded considerably in recent years, resulting in steadily growing numbers of ICD recipients worldwide. The aim of this study was to review the overall experience with ICDs in Iceland.

Methods: This was a retrospective single centre study set at the University Hospital in Iceland.

Reproducibility and accuracy of measurements of free and total prostate-specific antigen in serum vs plasma after long-term storage at -20 degrees C.

Background: Long-term frozen storage may alter the results of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurements, mainly because of degradation of free PSA (fPSA) in vitro. We compared the effects of long-term storage on fPSA, total PSA (tPSA), and complexed PSA (cPSA) in serum vs EDTA-plasma samples.

Methods: We measured fPSA and tPSA concentrations in matched pairs of archival serum and EDTA-plasma samples (stored frozen at -20 degrees C for 20 years) from a large population-based cohort in Malmö, Sweden.

Increased risk of psychotic disorder among immigrants in Malmö: a 3-year first-contact study.

Background: Previous findings of increased rates of psychotic disorders among immigrants to Sweden are primarily based on hospital samples. The aim of the current study was to compare the risks of first contact for psychotic and schizophrenic disorders among first- and second-generation immigrants to the risks in native 'Swedes'.

Method: During a 3-year period, diagnostic information was collected on all patients with a possible psychotic disorder who made a first-in-lifetime contact with both in-patient and out-patient psychiatric services in Malmö.

Dietary fat intake and early mortality patterns--data from The Malmö Diet and Cancer Study.

Objectives: Most current dietary guidelines encourage limiting relative fat intake to <30% of total daily energy, with saturated and trans fatty acids contributing no more than 10%. We examined whether total fat intake, saturated fat, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated fat intake are independent risk factors for prospective all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality.

Design: Population-based, prospective cohort study.