Exogenous tetracosahexaenoic acid modifies the fatty acid composition of human primary T lymphocytes and Jurkat T cell leukemia cells contingent on cell type.

Tetracosahexaenoic acid (24:6ω-3) is an intermediate in the conversion of 18:3ω-3 to 22:6ω-3 in mammals. There is limited information about whether cells can assimilate and metabolize exogenous 24:6ω-3. This study compared the effect of incubation with 24:6ω-3 on the fatty acid composition of two related cell types, primary CD3 T lymphocytes and Jurkat T cell leukemia, which differ in the integrity of the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) biosynthesis pathway.

Supplementation with oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid, but not in docosahexaenoic acid, improves global cognitive function in healthy, young adults: results from randomized controlled trials.

Background: Evidence regarding the effects of the omega-3 (ɷ-3) PUFAs (n-3 PUFAs) DHA and EPA on cognition is lacking.

Objectives: We investigated whether supplementation with oils rich in EPA or DHA improves cognition, prefrontal cortex (PFC) hemoglobin (Hb) oxygenation, and memory consolidation.

Methods: Healthy adults (n = 310; age range: 25-49 y) completed a 26-wk randomized controlled trial in which they consumed either 900 mg DHA/d and 270 mg EPA/d (DHA-rich oil), 360 mg DHA/d and 900 mg EPA/d (EPA-rich oil), or 3000 mg/d refined olive oil (placebo).

Respiratory Tract Infections and Antibiotic Resistance: A Protective Role for Vitamin D?

Upper and lower respiratory tract infections are among the most common infections globally, and in the United Kingdom, they account for about half of all oral antibiotics prescribed. Antibiotic overuse and the emergence of "superbugs" that are resistant to their effects is a global problem that is becoming a serious concern. Considering this, the potential role of immunonutrition as a "prehabilitation" in helping to tackle bacterial infections and reduce over-reliance on antibiotic usage is gaining interest.

Differential Effects of DHA- and EPA-Rich Oils on Sleep in Healthy Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Emerging evidence suggests that adequate intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (-3 PUFAs), which include docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), might be associated with better sleep quality. N-3 PUFAs, which must be acquired from dietary sources, are typically consumed at suboptimal levels in Western diets. Therefore, the current placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial, investigated the effects of an oil rich in either DHA or EPA on sleep quality in healthy adults who habitually consumed low amounts of oily fish.

Impact of Computer Calculation Program on Quality of Individualized Parenteral Nutrition and Selected Clinical Parameters of Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Infants.

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the effects of computerized provider order entry (CPOE) for parenteral nutrition (PN) on selected clinical parameters of extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) neonates in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit.

Methods: This study was a retrospective data analysis of preterm infants born over a 1-year period before and after introduction of CPOE. PN composition during the first 2 weeks of life, change in weight, head circumference and body length z-scores were assessed.

Diurnal rhythm of plasma EPA and DHA in healthy adults.

Knowledge of the diurnal variation in circulating omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) may be an important consideration for the development of dosing protocols designed to optimise tissue delivery of these fatty acids. The objective of the current study was to examine the variation in plasma concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) over a 24-h period in healthy adults under eating and sleeping conditions generally approximate to a free-living environment. Twenty-one healthy participants aged 25-44 years took part in a single laboratory visit encompassing an overnight stay.

Enteral Docosahexaenoic Acid and Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disorder of the retina of low-birth-weight preterm infants that potentially leads to blindness. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is protective in experimental models, but its administration as part of parenteral nutrition has shown inconsistent results. We test the effect of enteral DHA to prevent ROP and/or severity and to reduce hospital stay.

A Novel Self-Micro-Emulsifying Delivery System Enhances Enrichment of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid after Single and Repeated Dosing in Healthy Adults in a Randomized Trial.

Background: A self-micro-emulsifying delivery system (SMEDS) promotes spontaneous emulsification of omega-3 (n-3) ethyl esters (EEs) into microdroplets in the stomach.

Objective: The objective was to compare the effect of SMEDS preparations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) EEs with standard EEs on EPA and DHA concentrations in the bloodstream after a single dose and repeated daily dosing.

Methods: Eighty healthy subjects aged 18-65 y were randomly assigned to SMEDS-EPA or EE-EPA (both providing more EPA than DHA) or SMEDS-DHA or EE-DHA (both providing more DHA than EPA).

Obesity, Inflammation, Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Fatty Acids.

Obesity leads to an inflammatory condition that is directly involved in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and certain types of cancer. The classic inflammatory response is an acute reaction to infections or to tissue injuries, and it tends to move towards resolution and homeostasis. However, the inflammatory process that was observed in individuals affected by obesity and metabolic syndrome differs from the classical inflammatory response in certain respects.

Impairment of lysophospholipid metabolism in obesity: altered plasma profile and desensitization to the modulatory properties of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Plasma lysophospholipids have emerged as signaling molecules with important effects on inflammation, insulin resistance, and fatty liver disease, each of which is linked closely to obesity. Dietary n-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may be able to improve these conditions.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the response of plasma lysophospholipids to obesity, n-3 PUFA consumption, and a high-fat meal challenge to better understand the role of lysophospholipid metabolism in the progression of obesity-related disorders.

Effect of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei, L. casei 431 on immune response to influenza vaccination and upper respiratory tract infections in healthy adult volunteers: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study.

Background: Probiotics can modulate the immune system in healthy individuals and may help reduce symptoms related to respiratory infections.

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei, L.