Exploring Older People's Experiences and Factors Associated With 30-Day Hospital Readmission: A Qualitative Study Using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis.

Introduction: Hospital readmission has a negative impact on older people and the healthcare system. Current hospital readmission research predominantly reports on clinical outcomes based on cross-sectional data. Research exploring patients' experiences and priorities is limited.

Association of bradykinin receptor 2 (BDKRB2) variants with physical performance and muscle mass: Findings from the LACE sarcopenia trial.

Introduction: Understanding genetic contributors to sarcopenia (age-related loss of muscle strength and mass) is key to finding effective therapies. Variants of the bradykinin receptor 2 (BDKRB2) have been linked to athletic and muscle performance. The rs1799722-9 and rs5810761 T alleles have been shown to be overrepresented in endurance athletes, possibly due to increased transcriptional rates of the receptor.

Standards for the care of people with cystic fibrosis (CF); Planning for a longer life.

This is the final of four papers updating standards for the care of people with CF. That this paper "Planning a longer life" was considered necessary, highlights how much CF care has progressed over the past decade. Several factors underpin this progress, notably increased numbers of people with CF with access to CFTR modulator therapy.

Clearing the air: Assessing healthcare professionals' awareness of air pollution's health consequences.

Air pollution (AP) significantly jeopardises health, with the Royal College of Physicians accepting the adverse effects of AP are not being sufficiently communicated to patients by healthcare professionals (HCP). To explore HCPs' understanding and attitudes toward AP and its health impacts, we conducted a service evaluation survey in a group of hospital doctors. A questionnaire comprising 20 questions about AP and its health associations was completed by 133 hospital doctors working at University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK.

Tamoxifen for the treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms: A Phase II clinical trial and exploratory analysis.

Current therapies for myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) improve symptoms but have limited effect on tumor size. In preclinical studies, tamoxifen restored normal apoptosis in mutated hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). TAMARIN Phase-II, multicenter, single-arm clinical trial assessed tamoxifen's safety and activity in patients with stable MPNs, no prior thrombotic events and mutated JAK2, CALR or CALR peripheral blood allele burden ≥20% (EudraCT 2015-005497-38).

Activin type I receptor polymorphisms and body composition in older individuals with sarcopenia-Analyses from the LACE randomised controlled trial.

Background: Ageing is associated with changes in body composition including an overall reduction in muscle mass and a proportionate increase in fat mass. Sarcopenia is characterised by losses in both muscle mass and strength. Body composition and muscle strength are at least in part genetically determined, consequently polymorphisms in pathways important in muscle biology (e.

ACE I/D genotype associates with strength in sarcopenic men but not with response to ACE inhibitor therapy in older adults with sarcopenia: Results from the LACE trial.

Background: Angiotensin II (AII), has been suggested to promote muscle loss. Reducing AII synthesis, by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity has been proposed as a method to inhibit muscle loss. The LACE clinical trial was designed to determine whether ACE inhibition would reduce further muscle loss in individuals with sarcopenia but suffered from low recruitment and returned a negative result.

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing before and after intravenous iron in preoperative patients: a prospective clinical study.

Background: Anemia is associated with impaired physical performance and adverse perioperative outcomes. Iron-deficiency anemia is increasingly treated with intravenous iron before elective surgery. We explored the relationship between exercise capacity, anemia, and total hemoglobin mass (tHb-mass) and the response to intravenous iron in anemic patients prior to surgery.

'A real fine balancing act': A secondary qualitative analysis of power imbalance in comorbid cancer and dementia in an outpatient treatment setting.

Aims: Studies of health services reveal a focus on provision of scheduled care at the expense of patient need, placing the health service in a position of power and the patient as passive recipient. This secondary qualitative analysis of a focused ethnography draws on the Foucauldian concept of power as pervasive and relational, to examine how an imbalance of power is manifested in situations where people with both cancer and dementia are being treated for cancer.

Design: Secondary qualitative analysis of a focused ethnographic study.

The Lived Experiences of People with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Their Caregivers.

Introduction: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative disorder initially characterised by disturbances in gait, balance and posture, with death occurring after several years of progressive physical and cognitive decline. This, along with a low index of suspicion, a high degree of diagnostic uncertainty and no approved treatment options, greatly impacts the lives of patients and caregivers. This research was conducted to (i) gain insight into the clinical and emotional journey of patients with PSP, (ii) assess experiences and perspectives, (iii) understand disease impact and (iv) identify key challenges and unmet needs.

Understanding the cultural environment of the outpatient care setting for patients with dementia receiving cancer treatment: A qualitative study.

Introduction: People with dementia have poorer cancer outcomes than those without dementia, and experience inequalities in access to, and quality of, care. Outpatient environments, where radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy cancer treatments typically take place, have largely been excluded from research. This study was conducted to understand provision of treatment and support and experiences of care for people with dementia undergoing cancer treatment in the outpatient setting.

Effect of perindopril or leucine on physical performance in older people with sarcopenia: the LACE randomized controlled trial.

Background: This trial aimed to determine the efficacy of leucine and/or perindopril in improving physical function in older people with sarcopenia.

Methods: Placebo-controlled, parallel group, double-blind, randomized two-by-two factorial trial. We recruited adults aged ≥ 70 years with sarcopenia, defined as low gait speed (<0.

Therapeutic options for CTLA-4 insufficiency.

Background: Heterozygous germline mutations in cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA4) impair the immunomodulatory function of regulatory T cells. Affected individuals are prone to life-threatening autoimmune and lymphoproliferative complications. A number of therapeutic options are currently being used with variable effectiveness.

Reducing Aerosolized Particles and Droplet Spread in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery during COVID-19.

Objectives: The presence of high SARS-Cov-2 viral loads in the upper airway, including the potential for aerosolized transmission of viral particles, has generated significant concern amongst otolaryngologists worldwide, particularly those performing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). We evaluated a simple negative-pressure mask technique to reduce viral exposure.

Methods: Two models simulating respiratory droplets >5-10 μm and fine respiratory nuclei <5 μm using fluorescein dye and wood smoke, respectively, were utilized in a fixed cadaveric study in a controlled environment.

Application of the optimized carbon monoxide rebreathing method for the measurement of total haemoglobin mass in chronic liver disease.

Background: Anemia is common in liver cirrhosis. This generally infers a fall in total hemoglobin mass (tHb-mass). However, hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) may fall due to an expansion in plasma volume (PV).

Managing anaemia in bone marrow failure syndromes.

Purpose Of Review: Anaemia is a common haematological presentation in patients with bone marrow failure, yet a challenging condition to treat. As anaemia has a direct impact on the patient's symptoms, managing anaemia in the common bone marrow failure conditions, such as myelodysplastic syndrome will help to improve the quality of life. This review discusses the available treatment options and the benefit of improving the haemoglobin level.

Replicating measurements of total hemoglobin mass (tHb-mass) within a single day: precision of measurement; feasibility and safety of using oxygen to expedite carbon monoxide clearance.

Hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) is a function of total hemoglobin mass (tHb-mass) and plasma volume. [Hb] may fall by dilution due to plasma volume expansion and changes in the perioperative period may therefore correlate poorly with blood loss. A simple, reliable, repeatable way to measure plasma volume and tHb-mass would have substantial clinical utility.

Disease Evolution and Response to Rapamycin in Activated Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase δ Syndrome: The European Society for Immunodeficiencies-Activated Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase δ Syndrome Registry.

Activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) δ Syndrome (APDS), caused by autosomal dominant mutations in (APDS1) or (APDS2), is a heterogeneous primary immunodeficiency. While initial cohort-descriptions summarized the spectrum of clinical and immunological manifestations, questions about long-term disease evolution and response to therapy remain. The prospective European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID)-APDS registry aims to characterize the disease course, identify outcome predictors, and evaluate treatment responses.

Clinical efficacy of a next-generation sequencing gene panel for primary immunodeficiency diagnostics.

Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are rare monogenic inborn errors of immunity that result in impairment of functions of the human immune system. PIDs have a broad phenotype with increased morbidity and mortality, and treatment choices are often complex. With increased accessibility of next-generation sequencing (NGS), the rate of discovery of genetic causes for PID has increased exponentially.