Molecular mechanism of HNF-1A-mediated HNF4A gene regulation and promoter-driven HNF4A-MODY diabetes.

Monogenic diabetes is a gateway to precision medicine through molecular mechanistic insight. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1A (HNF-1A) and HNF-4A are transcription factors that engage in crossregulatory gene transcription networks to maintain glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells. Variants in the HNF1A and HNF4A genes are associated with maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY).

Malmö Treatment Referral and Intervention Study (MATRIS)-36-month follow-up on retention and substance use among patients referred from needle exchange to opioid agonist treatment-The role of stimulant use at baseline.

Introduction: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is the leading cause of overdose morbidity and mortality globally. Retention in opioid agonist treatment (OAT) is crucial as it effectively reduces overdose mortality among individuals suffering from OUD. Previous research on treatment retention among heroin-dependent individuals referred from needle exchange programs (NEP) to OAT is scarce, and with predictors for retention in OAT being somewhat inconclusive, further investigations into this subject is of great interest.

Characteristics of and Experience Among People Who Use Take-Home Naloxone in Skåne County, Sweden.

Background: Opioid overdose related injury or death can be prevented by bystander naloxone administration. For naloxone to be present when and where overdoses occur, opioid prevention education and naloxone distribution (OPEND) must be established on a broad level. This is the 30-month follow-up of the first multi-site naloxone project in Sweden, implemented at 31 sites in the County of Skåne 2018.

Substance Use, Hospitalizations, and Co-Occurring Disorders among Patients Transferred from a Needle Exchange Program to Opioid Maintenance Treatment.

Opioid use disorders (OUD) is a relapsing condition with high mortality. Opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) reduces heroin use, and overall morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of psychiatric and substance use disorders, potential baseline predictors for psychiatric hospitalization, and psychiatric diagnoses at follow-up were investigated and may give hints about possible preventative strategies.

Protocol for a multi-site study of the effects of overdose prevention education with naloxone distribution program in Skåne County, Sweden.

Background: Continuously high rates of overdose deaths in Sweden led to the decision by the Skåne County to initiate the first regional take-home naloxone program in Sweden. The project aims to study the effect of overdose prevention education and naloxone distribution on overdose mortality in Skåne County. Secondary outcome measures include non-fatal overdoses and overdose-related harm in the general population, as well as cohort-specific effects in study participants regarding overdoses, mortality and retention in naloxone program.

Validation of Risk Scoring Systems in Ursodeoxycholic Acid-Treated Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis.

Introduction: Risk stratification based on biochemical variables is a useful tool for monitoring ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)-treated patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Several UDCA response criteria and scoring systems have been proposed for risk prediction in PBC, but these have not been validated in large external cohorts.

Methods: We performed a study on data of 1746 UDCA-treated patients with PBC from 25 centers in Europe, United States, and Canada.

Health Related Quality of Life in Individuals Transferred from a Needle Exchange Program and Starting Opioid Agonist Treatment.

Background: Opioid agonist treatment (OAT), for the treatment of heroin dependence, has been reported to improve overall health and lower mortality. Drug use and retention in treatment have often been used as measures of treatment success. More recently, however, researchers have suggested that measurements of quality of life should be an outcome in substance use treatment evaluations.

Fear of graft rejection 1-5 years after lung transplantation-A nationwide cohort study.

Aim: To explore the perceived threat of the risk of graft rejection and its relationship to psychological general well-being and self-efficacy 1-5 years after lung transplantation.

Design: A nationwide, cross-sectional cohort study as a part of the Self-management after thoracic transplantation study.

Methods: A total of 117 lung transplant recipients due for their yearly follow-up one ( = 35), two ( = 28), three ( = 23), four ( = 20) and 5 years ( = 11) after lung transplantation were included.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a strong predictor of coronary artery calcification in metabolically healthy subjects: A cross-sectional, population-based study in middle-aged subjects.

Objectives: This study aims to estimate the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and measures of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), and to determine to what extent such relationships are modified by metabolic risk factors.

Methods: The study was conducted in the population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) pilot cohort (n = 1015, age 50-64 years, 51.2% women).

Malmö Treatment Referral and Intervention Study-High 12-Month Retention Rates in Patients Referred from Syringe Exchange to Methadone or Buprenorphine/Naloxone Treatment.

Background: Heroin dependence is associated with high mortality. Opioid agonist treatment (OAT) with methadone or buprenorphine has strong evidence for treatment of this relapsing condition. In our setting, OAT has been associated with strict and demanding intake procedures, often with requirements of social stability, but also high, approximately 80 percent 12-month retention rates.

Histological improvement of liver fibrosis in well-treated patients with autoimmune hepatitis: A cohort study.

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic autoimmune liver disease that if left untreated may lead to the development of cirrhosis. Previous studies on AIH patients have suggested that fibrosis and even cirrhosis can be reversed by medical treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of medical treatment for protection of developing fibrosis and cirrhosis.

Five-year Safety Data From ENCORE, a European Observational Safety Registry for Adults With Crohn's Disease Treated With Infliximab [Remicade®] or Conventional Therapy.

Background And Aims: The ENCORE registry aimed at comparing the long-term safety of Crohn's disease [CD] treatment with infliximab [Remicade®] and with conventional therapies in real-world clinical practice.

Methods: The 5-year, prospective, observational ENCORE registry followed patients with CD in nine European countries, who received treatment with infliximab, conventional therapies, or switched to infliximab from conventional therapy. Adverse events [AEs] in pre-specified categories and serious AEs were recorded at least every 6 months of the 5-year observation period.

High-dose fast infusion of parenteral iron isomaltoside is efficacious in inflammatory bowel disease patients with iron-deficiency anaemia without profound changes in phosphate or fibroblast growth factor 23.

Objective: Iron isomaltoside (Monofer(®)) is a high-dose intravenous iron preparation with good tolerability and efficacy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients with iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). This trial evaluates the safety and efficacy, including effect on intact fibroblast growth factor 23 (iFGF23) of a high single dose and cumulative doses of iron isomaltoside in IBD patients with IDA.

Materials And Methods: The trial was a prospective, open-label, multi-centre trial conducted in IBD patients with IDA.

Affinity-Bead-Mediated Enrichment of CD8+ Lymphocytes from Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cell Products Using Acoustophoresis.

Acoustophoresis is a technique that applies ultrasonic standing wave forces in a microchannel to sort cells depending on their physical properties in relation to the surrounding media. Cell handling and separation for research and clinical applications aims to efficiently separate specific cell populations. Here, we investigated the sorting of CD8 lymphocytes from peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) products by affinity-bead-mediated acoustophoresis.

Dairy Products, Dietary Calcium, and Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results From a European Prospective Cohort Investigation.

Background: Dairy products may be involved in the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease by modulating gut microbiota and immune responses, but data from epidemiological studies examining this relationship are limited. We investigated the association between prediagnostic intake of these foods and dietary calcium, and the subsequent development of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods: In total, 401,326 participants were enrolled in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort.

The prognostic value of TP53 mutations in oesophageal adenocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To clarify the prognostic role of tumour protein 53 (TP53) mutations in patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) as there is a need for biomarkers that assist in guiding management for patients with OAC.

Design: A systematic review was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed and Current Contents Connect to identify studies published between January 1990 and February 2015 of oesophageal cancer populations (with OAC diagnoses >50% of cases) that measured tumoural TP53 status and reported hazard ratios (HR), or adequate data for estimation of HR for survival for TP53-defined subgroups. Risk of bias for HR estimates was assessed using prespecified criteria for the appraisal of relevant domains as defined by the Cochrane Prognosis Methods Group including adherence to Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation and REporting recommendations for tumor MARKer prognostic studies guidelines, as well as assay method used (direct TP53 mutation assessment vs immunohistochemistry) and adjustment for standard prognostic factors.

How strict is galactose restriction in adults with galactosaemia? International practice.

Dietary management of 418 adult patients with galactosaemia (from 39 centres/12 countries) was compared. All centres advised lactose restriction, 6 restricted galactose from galactosides ± fruits and vegetables and 12 offal. 38% (n=15) relaxed diet by: 1) allowing traces of lactose in manufactured foods (n=13) or 2) giving fruits, vegetables and galactosides (n=2).

MIC-1/GDF15 in Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma.

Background: Biomarkers are needed to improve current diagnosis and surveillance strategies for patients with Barrett's oesophagus (BO) and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). Macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1/growth differentiation factor 15 (MIC-1/GDF15) tissue and plasma levels have been shown to predict disease progression in other cancer types and was therefore evaluated in BO/OAC.

Methods: One hundred thirty-eight patients were studied: 45 normal oesophagus (NE), 37 BO, 16 BO with low-grade dysplasia (LGD) and 40 OAC.

Practices in prescribing protein substitutes for PKU in Europe: No uniformity of approach.

Background: There appears little consensus concerning protein requirements in phenylketonuria (PKU).

Methods: A questionnaire completed by 63 European and Turkish IMD centres from 18 countries collected data on prescribed total protein intake (natural/intact protein and phenylalanine-free protein substitute [PS]) by age, administration frequency and method, monitoring, and type of protein substitute. Data were analysed by European region using descriptive statistics.

Robot-assisted oesophageal and gastric surgery for benign disease: antireflux operations and Heller's myotomy.

Background: Robot-assisted general surgery operations are being performed more frequently. This review investigates whether robotic assistance results in significant advantages or disadvantages for the operative treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and achalasia.

Methods: The electronic databases (Medline, Embase, PubMed) were searched for original English language publications for antireflux surgery and Heller's myotomy between January 1990 and December 2013.

Heritability of variation in glycaemic response to metformin: a genome-wide complex trait analysis.

Background: Metformin is a first-line oral agent used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, but glycaemic response to this drug is highly variable. Understanding the genetic contribution to metformin response might increase the possibility of personalising metformin treatment. We aimed to establish the heritability of glycaemic response to metformin using the genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA) method.

Robot-assisted gastrectomy and oesophagectomy for cancer.

Background: Robot-assisted surgery is a technically feasible alternative to open and laparoscopic surgery, which is being more frequently used in general surgery. We undertook this review to investigate whether robotic assistance provides a significant benefit for oesophagogastric cancer surgery.

Methods: Electronic databases were searched for original English-language publications for robotic-assisted gastrectomy and oesophagectomy between January 1990 and October 2013.

Prevalence of anemia in inflammatory bowel diseases in european countries: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis.

Background: The main objective is to determine the overall prevalence of anemia in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in Europe.

Methods: A systematic literature search in PubMed and Embase was performed for studies published between January 2007 and May 2012. Eligible studies were included if they were original full-paper publications originated from Europe and if the authors agreed to provide their data.

Combined oral and rectal mesalazine for the treatment of mild-to-moderately active ulcerative colitis: rapid symptom resolution and improvements in quality of life.

Background And Aims: Mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid) is the standard first-line therapy for mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis. In the PINCE study, remission rates were significantly greater with combined oral/enema vs. oral/placebo treatment at 8 weeks (64% vs.