Lateral epicondylitis: New trends and challenges in treatment.

Lateral epicondylitis (LE) is a chronic aseptic inflammatory condition caused by repetitive microtrauma and excessive overload of the extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle. This is the most common cause of musculoskeletal pain syndrome in the elbow, inducing significant pain and limitation of the function of the upper limb. It affects approximately 1-3% of the population and is frequently seen in racquet sports and sports associated with functional overload of the elbow, such as tennis, squash, gymnastics, acrobatics, fitness, and weight lifting.

The interosseus crural nerve: An anatomical study of a rarely described structure.

The interosseous crural nerve (IOCn) is said to arise distally from muscular branches of the tibial nerve innervating the deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg. Here, we present the results of a cadaveric study of the IOCn to clarify this nerve's morphology and to discuss its potential clinical relevance. On 26 sides from 13 cadaveric specimens, the IOCn was dissected.

Three ipsilateral paracondylar processes with other skull base variations: case report.

Variations of the skull base can affect surgical approaches and must be considered when viewing and interpreting radiological imaging. Here, we report a unique collection of bony anatomical variations found on a single adult skull. Three bony excrescences from the occipital bone were identified in the paracondylar region.

Analyzing central-line associated bloodstream infection prevention bundles in 22 countries: The results of ID-IRI survey.

Background: Because central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are a significant complication of central venous access, it is critical to prevent CLABSIs through the use of central line bundles. The purpose of this study was to take a snapshot of central venous access bundles in various countries.

Methods: The participants in intensive care units (ICUs) completed a questionnaire that included information about the health center, infection control procedures, and central line maintenance.

Duplication of the foramen rotundum: A rare case report.

Variations at the skull base can result in misinterpretation of radiological imaging and occasionally, iatrogenic injury. Here, we describe, to our knowledge, the second reported case of a duplicated foramen rotundum. The morphometrics of this finding are documented and the anatomy and potential clinical consequences of such an anatomical variation discussed.

Atavistic muscles in human anatomy: Evolutionary origins and clinical implications.

The evolution and variations of human anatomy are of great interest to physicians and anatomists. Variations can be categorized as vestigial, accessory or atavistic structures. Vestigial muscles are frequently encountered structures that are normally present but have become rudimentary through evolution.

Incidental Median Nerve Injury in the Hand by a High-Speed Drill.

Traumatic injuries of the peripheral nerves can be easily overlooked in the emergency department. In these cases, extensive knowledge of anatomy, a high index of suspicion and correct evaluation of neurological status could maintain the proper diagnosis. Median nerve injury in the region of the hand is commonly due to glass material.

Previously unreported variant of the rectus femoris muscle.

Although uncommon, variant muscular variations can occur related to the quadriceps femoris. Such variations might be encountered in the clinical setting so these should be documented. Here, we report three additional heads related to the rectus femoris muscle identified during routine dissection of the right thigh.

A new variety of chondrocoracoideus muscle, or an additional head of pectoralis major muscle.

The pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles are located in the anterior chest wall. This region is characterized by high morphological variability. During dissection an additional muscle was found, originating from the lateral border of the pectoralis major muscle.

Unusual sensory innervation of the dorsal hand and why we should bear this variation in mind.

Detailed knowledge of the anatomy and different variations of the superficial branch of the radial nerve could be of great importance not only to anatomists but also to clinicians. A predominant radial nerve supply to the dorsum of the hand is rare. Herein, we present an unusual case of unilateral sensory innervation of the dorsal hand found during routine anatomical dissection of a 72-year-old at death male Caucasian cadaver.

An unusual variant of the atlantomastoid muscle.

Knowledge of anatomical variations can be of use to clinicians and surgeons when, for example, viewing images of a patient or performing operations. Such knowledge can minimise the risk of iatrogenic complications. Herein, we present a case of a variant atlantomastoid muscle.

Assessment of the incidence of accessory hepatic arteries: a literature review.

Modern medicine is developing towards application of endovascular techniques such as trans-arterial hepatic chemoembolisation. They displace classic open procedures. However, their correct planning and performance depend on the knowledge pre-operative detection of hepatic arterial anatomical variations.

Clinical importance of variability in the branching pattern of the internal iliac artery - An updated and comprehensive review with a new classification proposal.

The main aim of this study is to present, describe and compare the most significant anatomical classifications of the internal iliac artery (IIA) and its branches, their pros and cons, to relate them to clinical practice and note their clinical importance, and to offer a new classification based on number of main vessels origins. Many classifications covering the detailed morphology of the IIA have been developed, focusing on the destination of vessels making it possible to determine the name and type of branching precisely. However, because the allocation criteria are overdetailed and of doubtful accuracy, these classifications have become impractical for clinical practice and advanced statistical calculations.

Simultaneous duplication of the tendon of plantaris with multiple tendinous connections into the crural fascia.

The plantaris muscle (PM) typically begins with a short, fusiform muscle belly and continues as a slim tendon traversing distally between the gastrocnemius and soleus to attach into the calcaneus directly or Achilles tendon. Conventionally, it has been of most interest as a donor for surgeons plantaris tendon (PT) grafting and recent studies have implicated the PT in the development of Achilles tendinopathy. During routine cadaveric dissection, one such anatomical variation was identified in a cadaver with two distal tendons of the PM and also multiple tendon connections into the crural fascia.

The clinical anatomy of variations of the pectoralis minor.

Shoulder pathology is a very common medical presentation and can be due to anatomical variations. Therefore, knowledge of variants is important for the clinician treating patients with such complaints so that misdiagnosis is minimized and iatrogenic injury prevented. A review of the literature was performed of the variant anatomy of the pectoralis minor muscle.

Unusual case of the saphenous plexus in the thigh and why we should have borne this variation in mind.

Detailed knowledge of the anatomy and different variations of the saphenous nerve could be of great importance not only to anatomists but also to clinicians. There are very few studies of saphenous nerve morphology in thigh. Most of the reported variations of this nerve concern the infrapatellar branch.

The impact of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the clinical management of patients with lymph node metastasis of unknown primary origin.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance and the utility of F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) in the clinical management of patients presenting with lymph node metastasis of undefined primary origin (CUP). A total of 53 patients (34 males, 19 females) with a diagnosis of lymph node metastasis according to the histopathology and/or conventional imaging were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into four groups according to the initial location of their metastasis - group 1, cervical lymph nodes (n=39), group 2, axillary lymph nodes (n=6), group 3, mediastinal lymph nodes (n=2) and group 4, abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes (n=6).

An unusual finding of the pectoralis major muscle: decussation of sternal fibers across the midline.

Variations of the pectoralis major muscle are commonly seen. However, during the routine dissection of an adult male cadaver, an apparently uncommon muscular variant was identified. In this cadaver, the sternal heads of the left and right pectoralis muscles crossed the midline and interdigitated with one another.

A Non-ossifying Fibroma and a Stress Fracture of the Femur Mimicking Bone Malignancy in a Child.

Herein, we report a rare case of a stress fracture through a pre-existing non-ossifying fibroma (NOF) of the femur of a 12-year-old child that raised suspicion of a malignancy. Although NOFs are very frequent, in the vast majority of cases, they are completely asymptomatic. When encountered in a painful area, especially if combined with atypical radiographic features, they may mimic a malignancy.