The PALBONET Trial: A Phase II Study of Palbociclib in Metastatic Grade 1 and 2 Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (GETNE-1407).

Lessons Learned: Palbociclib demonstrated no detectable activity in molecularly unselected and heavily pretreated patients with advanced grade 1/2 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Predictive biomarkers that improve patient selection should be investigated in future studies of palbociclib.

Background: Palbociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, has shown in vitro activity in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET) cell lines.

Variability of Clinical and Angiographic Results Based on the Treatment Preference (Endovascular or Surgical) of Centers Participating in the Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Database of the Working Group of the Spanish Society of Neurosurgery.

Objectives: Since the introduction of endovascular treatment for cerebral aneurysms, hospitals in which subarachnoid hemorrhage is treated show different availability and/or preferences towards both treatment modalities. The main aim is to evaluate the clinical and angiographic results according to the hospital's treatment preferences applied.

Methods: This study was conducted based on use of the subarachnoid hemorrhage database of the Vascular Pathology Group of the Spanish Neurosurgery Society.

Patient-Associated Predictors of 15- and 30-Day Readmission After Hospitalization for Acute Heart Failure.

Background: Identifying readmission predictors in heart failure (HF) patients may help guide preventative efforts and save costs. We aimed to identify 15- and 30-day readmission predictors due to cardiovascular reasons.

Methods And Results: A total of 1831 patients with acute HF admission were prospectively followed during a year.

Pre-transplantation Risks and Transplant-Techniques in Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Acute Leukaemia.

Background: The role of conditioning intensity and stem cell source on modifying pre-transplantation risk in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a matter of debate, but crucial when benchmarking centres.

Methods: This Retrospective, multicenter exploratory-validation analysis of 9103 patients, (55.5% male, median age 50 years; 1-75 years range) with an allogeneic HSCT between 2010 and 2016 from a matched sibling (N = 8641; 95%) or matched unrelated donor (N = 462; 5%) for acute myeloid (N = 6432; 71%) or acute lymphoblastic (N = 2671; 29%) leukaemia in first complete remission, and reported by 240 centres in 30 countries to the benchmark database of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) searched for factors associated with use of transplant techniques (standard N = 6375;70% or reduced intensity conditioning N = 2728;30%, respectively bone marrow N = 1945;21% or peripheral blood N = 7158;79% as stem cell source), and their impact on outcome.

Adalimumab Dose Intensification in Recalcitrant Hidradenitis Suppurativa/Acne Inversa.

Background: Adalimumab is the only approved compound for the treatment of adult patients with moderate-to-severe hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) who did not respond to a systemic classical treatment. Despite its significant short- and long-term efficacy, a percentage of patients do not respond sufficiently. Moreover, some primary responders experience a response loss with time.

Oral fosfomycin for the treatment of lower urinary tract infections among kidney transplant recipients-Results of a Spanish multicenter cohort.

Oral fosfomycin may constitute an alternative for the treatment of lower urinary tract infections (UTIs) in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), particularly in view of recent safety concerns with fluroquinolones. Specific data on the efficacy and safety of fosfomycin in KTR are scarce. We performed a retrospective study in 14 Spanish hospitals including KTRs treated with oral fosfomycin (calcium and trometamol salts) for posttransplant cystitis between January 2005 and December 2017.

Intraventricular cryptococcoma mimicking a neoplastic lesion in an immunocompetent patient with hydrocephalus: A case report.

Background: The aim of this study is to highlight the importance of cryptococcosis as one of the most common fungal infections of the central nervous system, stressing the consideration of a cryptococcoma within the list of differential diagnosis of intraventricular masses in immunocompetent hosts.

Case Description: We present the case of an immunocompetent 41-year-old female from Philippines with an intraventricular cryptococcoma due to , mimicking an intraventricular primary brain tumor, who had hydrocephalus. She was approached as having a neoplastic lesion and underwent surgical resection plus third ventriculostomy through endoscopy.

Role of Right Ventricular Strain Measured by Two-Dimensional Echocardiography in the Diagnosis of Cardiac Amyloidosis.

Background: Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) causes restrictive cardiomyopathy usually associated with a poor prognosis. Two subtypes predominate: systemic light-chain CA (ALCA) and transthyretin-derived CA (either wild type transthyretin amyloidosis [TTRwt] or mutant transthyretin amyloidosis [TTRm]). Left ventricular (LV) apical sparing has been extensively studied using speckle-tracking echocardiography for diagnosis, but the right ventricular (RV) deformation pattern has not been described.

Understanding Platelets in Infectious and Allergic Lung Diseases.

Emerging evidence suggests that platelets, cytoplasmic fragments derived from megakaryocytes, can no longer be considered just as mediators in hemostasis and coagulation processes, but as key modulators of immunity. Platelets have received increasing attention as the emergence of new methodologies has allowed the characterization of their components and functions in the immune continuum. Platelet activation in infectious and allergic lung diseases has been well documented and associated with bacterial infections reproduced in several animal models of pulmonary bacterial infections.

Salvage robot-assisted radical prostatectomy following failed local treatments.

Prostate cancer represents the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and is the second-leading cause of cancer related death in the United States. Primary treatment for prostate cancer includes radiotherapy or ablative procedures such as cryotherapy, and high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). Unfortunately, a large proportion of these patients, especially with high risk features, may experience disease recurrence within 10 years.

Heart transplant secondary to cobalt toxicity after hip arthroplasty revision.

Introduction: Cobalt toxicity in patients with hip arthroplasty is a rare complication, but it should be considered in those patients who, after a ceramic fracture, were implanted with a metal-on-polyethylene prosthesis. The complete removal of ceramic particles during revision surgery can be complicated. If the bearing surface is replaced with a metal-on-polyethylene prosthesis, these residual ceramic particles may wear down the chrome-cobalt head, producing localised metallosis.

Occult Transorbital Intracranial Injury by Windshield Wiper Handle: Case Report and Review of Literature.

Background: We present the case of a 51-year-old male with an occult transorbital intracranial injury after a car accident. The identified foreign object was a windshield wiper handle. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported.

Intensive recreational athletes in the prospective multinational ICD Sports Safety Registry: Results from the European cohort.

Background: In the ICD Sports Safety Registry, death, arrhythmia- or shock-related physical injury did not occur in athletes who continue competitive sports after implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation. However, data from non-competitive ICD recipients is lacking. This report describes arrhythmic events and lead performance in intensive recreational athletes with ICDs enrolled in the European recreational arm of the Registry, and compares their outcome with those of the competitive athletes in the Registry.

An international perspective on hospitalized patients with viral community-acquired pneumonia.

Background: Who should be tested for viruses in patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP), prevalence and risk factors for viral CAP are still debated. We evaluated the frequency of viral testing, virus prevalence, risk factors and treatment coverage with oseltamivir in patients admitted for CAP.

Methods: Secondary analysis of GLIMP, an international, multicenter, point-prevalence study of hospitalized adults with CAP.

Incidence and prognostic implications of late bleeding events after percutaneous mitral valve repair.

Objectives: MitraClip is an established therapy for patients with mitral regurgitation (MR) that are considered of high-risk or inoperable. However, late bleeding events (BE) after hospital discharge and their impact on prognosis in this cohort of patients have been poorly investigated. Our purpose is to address the incidence, related factors and clinical implications of BE after hospital discharge in patients treated with MitraClip.

Cervical Pessary Compared With Vaginal Progesterone for Preventing Early Preterm Birth: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of a cervical pessary and vaginal progesterone to prevent spontaneous preterm births in pregnant women with cervical lengths 25 mm or less as measured by transvaginal ultrasonography.

Methods: This was a multicenter, open-label, randomized, noninferiority trial. Women with singleton pregnancies and a short cervix (25 mm or less) measured transvaginally at the second-trimester ultrasonogram were invited to participate.

A randomized placebo controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of minocycline in patients with Angelman syndrome (A-MANECE study).

Background: Minocycline is an old tetracycline antibiotic that has shown antiinflammatory and antiapoptotic properties in different neurological disease mouse models. Previous single arm study in humans demonstrated benefits in individuals with Angelman Syndrome (AS); however, its efficacy in patients with Angelman Syndrome has not been assessed in a controlled trial. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial in individuals with AS, aged 6 years to 30 years (n = 32, mean age 12 [SD 6·29] years).

Intrathecal administration of autologous mesenchymal stromal cells for spinal cord injury: Safety and efficacy of the 100/3 guideline.

Background Aims: Cell therapy with autologous mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) is beginning, and the search for its better clinical application is an urgent need.

Methods: We present a phase 2 clinical trial in patients with chronic SCI who received three intrathecal administrations of 100 x 10 MSCs and were followed for 10 months from the first administration. Efficacy analysis was performed on nine patients, and safety analysis was performed on 11 patients.

Cell therapy with autologous mesenchymal stromal cells in post-traumatic syringomyelia.

Background Aims: Recently, clinical studies show that cell therapy with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) improves the sequelae chronically established in paraplegic patients, being necessary to know which of them can obtain better benefit.

Methods: We present here a phase 2 clinical trial that includes six paraplegic patients with post-traumatic syringomyelia who received 300 million MSCs inside the syrinx and who were followed up for 6 months. Clinical scales, urodynamic, neurophysiological, magnetic resonance (MR) and studies of ano-rectal manometry were performed to assess possible improvements.

New technologies and techniques for prostate cancer focal therapy.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to review the oncological and functional outcomes of new and established primary focal treatments (FT) for localized prostate cancer (PCa).

Evidence Acquisition: We performed a systematic search of published studies on FT for localized PCa using electronic databases (Medline and Embase). These studies included reports on hemi-ablation, focal ablation and target-ablation.

Update on Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy: A Consensus Guideline of the Working Group of Ocular Health (Spanish Society of Diabetes and Spanish Vitreous and Retina Society).

A group of members of the Spanish Retina and Vitreous Society (SERV) and of the Working Group of Ocular Health of the Spanish Society of Diabetes (SED) updated knowledge regarding the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR) based on recent evidence reported in the literature. A synthesis of this consensus forms the basis of the present review, which is intended to inform clinicians on current advances in the field of DR and their clinical applicability to patients with this disease. Aspects presented in this article include screening procedures of DR, new technologies in the early diagnosis of DR, control of risk factors in the different stages of the disease, indications of panretinal laser photocoagulation, efficacy of intravitreal antiangiogenic agents and steroids, and surgical options for treating DR-related complications.

Alloreactivity: the Janus-face of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Differences in major and minor histocompatibility antigens between donor and recipient trigger powerful graft-versus-host reactions after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The clinical effects of alloreactivity present a Janus-face: detrimental graft-versus-host disease increases non-relapse mortality, beneficial graft-versus-malignancy may cure the recipient. The ultimate consequences on long-term outcome remain a matter of debate.

Repeated subarachnoid administrations of autologous mesenchymal stromal cells supported in autologous plasma improve quality of life in patients suffering incomplete spinal cord injury.

Background Aims: Cell therapy with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) offers new hope for patients suffering from spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods: Ten patients with established incomplete SCI received four subarachnoid administrations of 30 × 10 autologous bone marrow MSCs, supported in autologous plasma, at months 1, 4, 7 and 10 of the study, and were followed until the month 12. Urodynamic, neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies were performed at months 6 and 12, and compared with basal studies.