Pediatric, adult, and late onset multiple sclerosis: Cognitive phenotypes and gray matter atrophy.

Objectives: We aim to investigate cognitive phenotype distribution and MRI correlates across pediatric-, elderly-, and adult-onset MS patients as a function of disease duration.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 1262 MS patients and 238 healthy controls, with neurological and cognitive assessments. A subset of 222 MS patients and 92 controls underwent 3T-MRI scan for brain atrophy and lesion analysis.

Predictive Value of the DETECT Algorithm for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Systemic Sclerosis: Findings from an Italian Observational Study.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc), and several screening algorithms have been proposed for the early detection of PAH in SSc. This study aimed to evaluate the predicting values of the DETECT algorithm for SSc-PAH screening in patients with SSc undergoing right heart catheterization (RHC) based on 2015 ESC/ERS echocardiographic criteria in a real-life setting. Patients fulfilling the 2013 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for SSc and with available data for PAH screening with the DETECT algorithm and the 2015 ESC/ERS echocardiographic criteria were retrospectively enrolled from January to June 2017 and then followed for 5 years.

The Role of Butirprost as an Adjuvant in Enhancing the Effect of Antibiotics in Patients Affected by Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis: A Randomized Prospective Trial.

Bacterial prostatitis (BP) is a common prostatic infection characterized by pain and urinary symptoms, often with negative bacterial cultures from prostatic secretions. It affects young and older men bimodally and impacts quality of life (QoL) significantly. : Treatment typically involves antibiotics, but a multimodal approach with additional nutraceuticals may enhance outcomes.

Twelve-Month Outcomes and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Biomarkers After Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implantation in Pseudophakic Eyes with Post-Vitrectomy Cystoid Macular Edema (CME)-Refractory to Medical Therapy.

: In this study, we evaluated the incidence of cystoid macular edema (CME) after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for different retinal pathologies and assessed the role of optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarkers in guiding treatment decisions in post-surgical CME patients who were refractory to medical therapy over a follow-up period of 12 months. : Medical records of consecutive pseudophakic patients, who underwent PPV for different retinal pathologies, were retrospectively evaluated in this single-center, uncontrolled study. The incidence of post-PPV CME was assessed.

Primary Epithelioid Angiosarcoma of the Penis: A Case Report With a Brief Review of the Literature.

Angiosarcoma of the penis is an exceptionally rare mesenchymal tumor, with only about 30 cases documented in the literature. Because of its rarity and the often nonspecific clinical presentation, histopathological examination plays a critical role in accurate diagnosis. Angiosarcoma of the penis typically arises in the corpus cavernosum but has also been reported in the glans and urethra, often presenting with metastases.

Artificial intelligence in healthcare: transforming patient safety with intelligent systems-A systematic review.

Introduction: Adverse events in hospitals significantly compromise patient safety and trust in healthcare systems, with medical errors being a leading cause of death globally. Despite efforts to reduce these errors, reporting remains low, and effective system changes are rare. This systematic review explores the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in clinical risk management.

Insights into the ecological and climate crisis: Emerging infections threatening human health.

The Anthropocene era is marked by unprecedented human-induced alterations to the environment, resulting in a climate emergency and widespread ecological deterioration. A staggering number of up to one million species of plants and animals are in danger of becoming extinct, which includes over 10 % of insect species and 40 % of plant species. Unrestrained release of greenhouse gases, widespread deforestation, intense agricultural practices, excessive fishing, and alterations in land use have exceeded the ecological boundaries that were once responsible for humanity's wellbeing.

Potassium-Rich, Gluten-Free Diets for Patients with Sjögren's Syndrome: A Hypothesis.

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease and its management is palliative. There is no specific dietary protocol for SS patients. A gluten-free diet has been tested in SS patients with celiac disease (CD) and indicated modest improvements.

Biologics as well as inhaled anti-asthmatic therapy achieve clinical remission: Evidence from the Severe Asthma Network in Italy (SANI).

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of severe asthma (SA) treatments after 12 months in achieving clinical remission (CR) within the context of the Severe Asthma Network in Italy (SANI) using the recent SANI definition of CR on treatment.

Methods: CR has been defined by SANI as complete, partial, and no CR. Complete CR is defined by the absence of oral corticosteroids (OCS), no symptoms, no exacerbations, and stable lung function, and partial CR requires the absence of OCS and the fulfillment of 2 out of the other 3 criteria.

Bile acid diarrhea in patients with chronic diarrhea. Current appraisal and recommendations for clinical practice.

Bile Acid Diarrhea (BAD) is a common cause of chronic diarrhea, often accompanied by urgency, occasional fecal incontinence, abdominal pain, and fatigue. A nationwide survey has shown limited awareness of BAD within the Italian medical community, prompting a panel of experts to develop a Position Paper that outlines the most practical and cost-saving diagnostic investigations and treatments for this frequently overlooked condition. The document provides an overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and classification of the different types of Bile Acid Diarrhea (BAD).

Neuroendocrine Tumors: Germline Genetics and Hereditary Syndromes.

The vast majority of neuroendocrine 'neoplasms (NENs) are sporadic, although recent evidence has indicated that a subset of these cancers may also originate as a result of genetic germline mutations. To date, 10% of these cancers can be linked to an inherited genetic syndrome. Genetic diagnosis is crucial for patients with a suspected hereditary NEN syndrome, as it recognizes patients carrying germline mutations and allows for personalized clinical follow-up, considering the higher risk of developing other tumours.

Bacillary layer detachment: Updates on its clinical and prognostic significance in retinal disease.

Bacillary layer detachment (BALAD) refers to the distinctive splitting at the level of the photoreceptor inner segment myoid and accumulation of intraretinal fluid, as seen on optical coherence tomography (OCT). BALAD is an increasingly recognized OCT biomarker of numerous heterogeneous chorioretinal diseases, including posterior uveitis, age-related macular degeneration and macular neovascularization, neoplastic and paraneoplastic retinal disorders, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, blunt ocular trauma, and miscellaneous conditions. The recognition of BALAD is clinically relevant because, based on the specific etiology, BALAD may require simple observation, ocular or systemic medical treatment, or even surgical intervention, with subsequent different prognosis.

Esketamine Treatment Trajectory of Patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression in the Mid and Long-Term Run: Data from REAL-ESK Study Group.

Introduction/objective: Data on long-term treatment with Esketamine Nasal Spray (ESKNS) in real-world patients with treatment resistant depression (TRD) is scarce. The primary aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of ESK-NS treatment at 6 and 12-month follow-ups.

Methods: This is part of an observational, retrospective, multicentric Italian study (REAL-ESK study).

Effectiveness, safety, and impact on multiple sclerosis course of anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies.

Background: Migraine affects up to 40% of people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the combination of antibodies (mAbs) against CGRP (anti-CGRP mAbs) with disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) for MS (mAb and non-mAbs) and their impact on MS disease course.

Methods: This retrospective, multicentric study included PwMS from 14 MS Centers, treated with an anti-CGRP mAb and a stable treatment with DMTs.

Progress and Challenges in Integrating Nutritional Care into Oncology Practice: Results from a National Survey on Behalf of the NutriOnc Research Group.

Introduction: Nutritional care is a cornerstone of cancer treatment, with the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes by addressing malnutrition and enhancing recovery. Despite growing awareness, the integration of evidence-based nutritional strategies into oncology remains inconsistent. Following a 2020 survey that highlighted critical gaps, the NutriOnc Research Group launched targeted initiatives to raise awareness and improve practices.

Prognostic Value of Myocardial CT-ECV in Severe Aortic Stenosis Requiring Aortic Valve Replacement: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Aim: Computed tomography (CT)-derived extracellular volume fraction (ECV) is a non-invasive method to quantify myocardial fibrosis. Evaluating CT-ECV during aortic valve replacement (AVR) planning CT in severe aortic stenosis (AS) may aid prognostic stratification. This meta-analysis evaluated the prognostic significance of CT-ECV in severe AS necessitating AVR.

Pre-biologic FeNO might predict anti-IL-5/IL-5Rα response to treatment in severe asthmatics.

Objective: It remains unclear whether baseline FeNO levels can predict response to anti-IL5/5R biologic treatment in patients with severe asthma.

Methods: We recruited 104 patients with severe eosinophilic asthma treated with anti-IL5/anti-IL5R for at least one year who had measured FeNO values before the beginning of anti-eosinophilic treatment. Population was divided into subjects with FeNO < 25 and ≥25 ppb.

Outcomes and prognostic indicators in daratumumab-refractory multiple myeloma: a multicenter real-world study of elotuzumab, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone in 247 patients.

Background: Daratumumab-refractory multiple myeloma (Dara-R MM) presents a significant treatment challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and survival outcomes of elotuzumab, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone (EloPd) in a large, real-world cohort of patients with Dara-R MM, with particular focus on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective analysis included 247 Dara-R MM patients treated with EloPd.

A Rare Case of Posterior Fossa Syndrome Associated with Neuropathic Pain Successfully Treated with a Combination of Gabapentin, Diazepam and Baclofen-A Case Report and Literature Review.

Background: Posterior fossa syndrome (PFS), also known as cerebellar mutism syndrome, occurs in about 25% of pediatric patients undergoing resection of a posterior cranial fossa medulloblastoma. It is characterized primarily by mutism or reduced/impaired speech and may include variable symptoms such as motor dysfunction (apraxia, ataxia, hypotonia), supranuclear cranial nerve palsies, neurocognitive changes, and emotional lability. Long-term multidisciplinary rehabilitation is typically required, with recovery taking approximately six months, though many children experience long-term residual deficits.

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Aspects of Monoclonal Gammopathies of Renal Significance (MGRS): An Update.

Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) refers to a group of renal disorders caused by a monoclonal immunoglobulin (MIg), secreted by a non-malignant B-cell clone. Unlike overt multiple myeloma or B-cell proliferation, MGRS does not meet those diagnostic criteria. However, it is associated with significant morbidity, due to severe renal, and sometimes systemic, lesions induced by the MIg.

Biomarker profiles that differentiate type-1 and type 2 myocardial infarction.

Background: It is crucial to distinguish type-1 myocardial infarction (T1MI) from type-2 myocardial infarction (T2MI) at admission and during hospitalization to avoid unnecessary invasive exams and inappropriate admissions to the acute cardiac care unit.

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to define a simple profile derived from commonly used biomarkers to differentiate T1MI from T2MI.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled in an observational study 213 iconsecutive patients with a provisional diagnosis of non-ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) admitted to the Cardiology Department.

First-line immune-based combinations or sunitinib in favorable-risk metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a real-world retrospective comparison from the ARON-1 study.

Introduction: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common types of urogenital cancer. The introduction of immune-based combinations, including dual immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) or ICI plus tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), has radically changed the treatment landscape for metastatic RCC, showing varying efficacy across different prognostic groups based on the International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium (IMDC) criteria.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective multicenter study, part of the ARON-1 project, aimed to evaluate the outcomes of favorable-risk metastatic RCC patients treated with immune-based combinations or sunitinib.

Multifocal Electroretinography Changes in Patients with Late-Stage Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) After Smaller-Incision New-Generation Implantable Miniature Telescope (SING IMT): A Case Series.

The smaller-incision new-generation implantable miniature telescope (SING IMT) represents an advancement over the previous model, WA-IMT, serving as a unilateral prosthetic device for patients with late-stage age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This study aims to report changes in multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) 6 months post-SING IMT implantation. In this case series, we prospectively evaluated a cohort of phakic patients with late-stage AMD who underwent SING IMT implantation at the Ophthalmology Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy.

Use of extracorporeal blood purification therapies in sepsis: the current paradigm, available evidence, and future perspectives.

Background: Sepsis is the result of a dysregulated immune response to infection and is associated with acute organ dysfunction. The syndrome's complexity is contingent upon the underlying pathology and individual patient characteristics, including their immune response. The involvement of multiple organs and physiological functions adds complexity, with "organ cross-talk" emerging as a pivotal pathophysiological and clinical aspect.