The Role of Endogenous Opioids in Cardioprotection.

The opioid system involves opioid receptors (OPRs) and endogenous opioid peptides.This chapter will focus on the distribution of OPRs in the cardiovascular system, the expression pattern in the heart, the activation by opioid peptides, and the effects of OPRs activation with potential relevance in cardiovascular performance. In the heart, OPRs are co-expressed with beta adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) in the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, functionally cross-talk with β-Ars and modify catecholamine-induced effects.

Smoking and Activated Clotting Time during coronary angiography and angioplasty: protocol for the ACT-Tobacco trial.

Background: During percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), activated clotting time (ACT) measurements are recommended to attest a correct anticoagulation level and, if needed, to administer further unfractionated heparin (UFH) to obtain a therapeutic ACT value. Our clinical routine led us to observe that smokers had lower ACT values after standardized UFH administration during PTCA. Procoagulant status in smokers is well documented.

Impact of G-CSF Prophylaxis on Chemotherapy Dose-Intensity, Link Between Dose-Intensity and Survival in Patients with Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma.

Background: In metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma, few data are available on the use of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) prophylaxis and its impact on dose-intensity (DI), or the link between DI and progression-free survival (PFS). This study assessed the impact of G-CSF prophylaxis on the DI received by patients and the relationship between full DI and PFS according to chemotherapy regimens.

Patients And Methods: Patients from three first-line randomized phase II clinical trials were included in this retrospective cohort.

Taste of Fat and Obesity: Different Hypotheses and Our Point of View.

Obesity results from a temporary or prolonged positive energy balance due to an alteration in the homeostatic feedback of energy balance. Food, with its discriminative and hedonic qualities, is a key element of reward-based energy intake. An alteration in the brain reward system for highly palatable energy-rich foods, comprised of fat and carbohydrates, could be one of the main factors involved in the development of obesity by increasing the attractiveness and consumption of fat-rich foods.

Role and Training of the Bedside Surgeon in Robotic Surgery: A Survey Among French Urologists-in-Training.

Introduction: Due to the development of robotic surgery, surgeons operating at the console are physically separated from the patient. They must rely on help from an assistant, also called bedside surgeon. This study aimed to investigate the habits and practices of French urologic residents when performing this role and to determine whether they expected specific training to qualify as bedside surgeons.

Evaluation of diagnostic laparoscopy for penetrating abdominal injuries: About 131 anterior abdominal stab wound.

Background: The management of hemodynamically stable patients with anterior abdominal stab wounds (AASW) is debated. Mini-invasive techniques using laparoscopy and non-operative management (NOM) have reduced the rate of nontherapeutic laparotomies after AASW leading to unnecessary morbidity. The aim of this study was to determine with a systematic diagnostic laparoscopy of peritoneal penetration (PP), patients who do not require abdominal exploration in the management of stable patient with an AASW.

When a Pathological Forearm Fracture Led to Explore the Neck: About a Case.

The majority of patients with parathyroid carcinoma (PC) have significant clinical signs and simultaneous symptoms related to the unregulated hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by the tumor. The aim of this case was to report a patient presenting an isolated bone fracture leading to the diagnosis of PC. A 20-years-old female patient presenting a fracture of both bones of the forearm following a fall from her own height.

An Ergonomic Assessment Of Four Different Donor Nephrectomy Approaches For The Surgeons And Their Assistants.

Introduction: Open surgery is increasingly being replaced by laparoscopic approaches that are more demanding for the surgical team. The physical and mental workload of these approaches have not been quantified.

Materials And Methods: A multicenter prospective study was performed evaluating the physical and mental stresses of 4 surgical approaches (open surgery [OS], standard laparoscopy [SL], hand-assisted laparoscopy [HAL], and robot-assisted laparoscopy [RAL]) for donor nephrectomy for the surgeon and their assistant.

Impact of Diabetes Mellitus in Women Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Drug-Eluting Stents.

Background: Data examining the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) on ischemic risk after percutaneous coronary intervention in women are limited as most clinical trial participants are male. We evaluated (1) the impact of DM on ischemic outcomes in women undergoing drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation and (2) whether the outcomes of new- versus early-generation DES vary by DM status.

Methods And Results: We pooled patient-level data of 10 448 women undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with DES from 26 randomized trials.

Effects of Body Mass Index on Clinical Outcomes in Female Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Drug-Eluting Stents: Results From a Patient-Level Pooled Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Objectives: This study sought to investigate the effect of different body mass index (BMI) categories on clinical outcomes in female patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and drug-eluting stents.

Background: Patients with higher BMI might, paradoxically, have better long-term clinical outcomes after acute coronary syndrome treated with PCI.

Methods: We pooled patient-level data for female participants from 26 randomized trials on PCI with drug-eluting stents.

Infection prevention and control in ultrasound - best practice recommendations from the European Society of Radiology Ultrasound Working Group.

Objectives: The objective of these recommendations is to highlight the importance of infection prevention and control in ultrasound (US), including diagnostic and interventional settings.

Methods: Review of available publications and discussion within a multidisciplinary group consistent of radiologists and microbiologists, in consultation with European patient and industry representatives.

Recommendations: Good basic hygiene standards are essential.

Resection of Locally Advanced Pancreatic Neoplasms after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy with Nab-Paclitaxel and Gemcitabine following FOLFIRINOX Failure.

The incidence of pancreatic cancer has dramatically increased over the past years, but the prognosis has not improved. Between 30 and 40% of tumors are considered locally advanced, essentially due to vascular involvement. In recent years, new chemotherapy protocols with high response rates have been developed.

Long-term Safety and Efficacy of New-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents in Women With Acute Myocardial Infarction: From the Women in Innovation and Drug-Eluting Stents (WIN-DES) Collaboration.

Importance: Women with acute myocardial infarction (MI) undergoing mechanical reperfusion remain at increased risk of adverse cardiac events and mortality compared with their male counterparts. Whether the benefits of new-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) are preserved in women with acute MI remains unclear.

Objective: To investigate the long-term safety and efficacy of new-generation DES vs early-generation DES in women with acute MI.

Postoperative Ocular Inflammation: A Single Subconjunctival Injection of XG-102 Compared to Dexamethasone Drops in a Randomized Trial.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of XG-102 (brimapitide) compared to dexamethasone eye drops in the treatment of postoperative ocular inflammation.

Design: Multicenter, randomized, parallel group, double-masked, noninferiority clinical trial.

Methods: Patients who underwent anterior and posterior segments combined surgery or glaucoma surgery or complex posterior segment surgery were eligible to participate.

Correlates and Impact of Coronary Artery Calcifications in Women Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Drug-Eluting Stents: From the Women in Innovation and Drug-Eluting Stents (WIN-DES) Collaboration.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical correlates and prognostic impact of coronary artery calcification (CAC) in women undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents (DES).

Background: The clinical correlates and the prognostic significance of CAC in women undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with DES remain unclear.

Methods: Patient-level data from female participants in 26 randomized trials of DES were pooled.

How to diagnose acute appendicitis: ultrasound first.

Acute appendicitis (AA) is a common abdominal emergency with a lifetime prevalence of about 7 %. As the clinical diagnosis of AA remains a challenge to emergency physicians and surgeons, imaging modalities have gained major importance in the diagnostic work-up of patients with suspected AA in order to keep both the negative appendectomy rate and the perforation rate low. Introduced in 1986, graded-compression ultrasound (US) has well-established direct and indirect signs for diagnosing AA.

Effect of Chronic Kidney Disease in Women Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Drug-Eluting Stents: A Patient-Level Pooled Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Objectives: This study sought to evaluate: 1) the effect of impaired renal function on long-term clinical outcomes in women undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stent (DES); and 2) the safety and efficacy of new-generation compared with early-generation DES in women with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Background: The prevalence and effect of CKD in women undergoing PCI with DES is unclear.

Methods: We pooled patient-level data for women enrolled in 26 randomized trials.

Safety and Efficacy of New-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents in Women at High Risk for Atherothrombosis: From the Women in Innovation and Drug-Eluting Stents Collaborative Patient-Level Pooled Analysis.

Background: The safety and efficacy of new-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) in women with multiple atherothrombotic risk (ATR) factors is unclear.

Methods And Results: We pooled patient-level data for women enrolled in 26 randomized trials. Study population was categorized based on the presence or absence of high ATR, which was defined as having history of diabetes mellitus, prior percutaneous or surgical coronary revascularization, or prior myocardial infarction.

Dismal prognostic value of monosomal karyotype in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia: a GOELAMS study of 186 patients with unfavorable cytogenetic abnormalities.

The prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is very poor in elderly patients, especially in those classically defined as having unfavorable cytogenetics. The recent monosomal karyotype (MK) entity, defined as 2 or more autosomal monosomies or combination of 1 monosomy with structural abnormalities, has been reported to be associated with a worse outcome than the traditional complex karyotype (CK). In this retrospective study of 186 AML patients older than 60 years, the prognostic influence of MK was used to further stratify elderly patients with unfavorable cytogenetics.

Transcervical video-assisted resection of Zenker's diverticulum.

We report a novel technique for resection of symptomatic Zenker's diverticulum. Two consecutive patients underwent a transcervical video-assisted dissection and resection of Zenker's diverticular pouch. Both patients exhibited good anatomical and functional results at 10 months follow-up.

Surgical management of combined rectal and genital prolapse in young patients: transabdominal approach.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the anatomical and functional outcomes of the simultaneous treatment of combined rectal and genital prolapse in young patients.

Methods: Between March 2001 and June 2002, eight female patients with symptomatic rectal and genital prolapse were enrolled in this study. The median age at the time of presentation was 44 years (range 34-53).

Early results of one-year robotic surgery using the Da Vinci system to perform advanced laparoscopic procedures.

Robotic technology has recently been introduced to gastrointestinal laparoscopic surgery. We prospectively evaluated early results of robotic surgery using the Da Vinci system in our department. Data were prospectively collected in 40 patients who underwent robotic surgery during a 1-year period.

Long-term results of transanal repair of rectocele using linear stapler.

Purpose: This study was designed to determine the long-term outcomes of transanal rectocele repair using a linear stapler.

Methods: Between 1989 and 1999, 21 patients with symptomatic rectocele were enrolled for this study. Median age at time of presentation was 52 (range, 21-75) years.