Fast diagnostic test for familial Mediterranean fever based on a kinase inhibitor.

Background And Objective: Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is the most frequent hereditary autoinflammatory disease. Its diagnosis relies on a set of clinical criteria and a genetic confirmation on identification of biallelic pathogenic variants. encodes pyrin, an inflammasome sensor.

Second-look surgery plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy versus surveillance in patients at high risk of developing colorectal peritoneal metastases (PROPHYLOCHIP-PRODIGE 15): a randomised, phase 3 study.

Background: Diagnosis and treatment of colorectal peritoneal metastases at an early stage, before the onset of signs, could improve patient survival. We aimed to compare the survival benefit of systematic second-look surgery plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), with surveillance, in patients at high risk of developing colorectal peritoneal metastases.

Methods: We did an open-label, randomised, phase 3 study in 23 hospitals in France.

Transcriptomic and immunohistochemical approaches identify HLA-G as a predictive biomarker of gestational choriocarcinoma resistance to monochemotherapy.

Objective: Using a transcriptional approach on tissue samples, we sought to identify predictive biomarkers of post molar malignant transformation, and of choriocarcinoma chemosensitivity to mono- (methotrexate or actinomycin D) or polychemotherapy [EMA(Etoposide, Methotrexate, Actinomycin D)-CO(Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine) and EMA-EP(Etoposide, Cisplatine)] regimens.

Methods: We studied the expression of a 760-gene panel (PanCancer Pathway) related to oncogenesis and immune tolerance in tissue samples of complete hydatidiform moles and gestational choriocarcinoma.

Results: We did not identify any differentially expressed gene between moles with post molar malignant transformation in choriocarcinoma (n = 14) and moles with remission (n = 20).

Quantitative histomorphometric analysis of halved iliac crest bone biopsies yield comparable ROD diagnosis as full 7.5mm wide samples.

Background And Objectives: Histomorphometric analysis of a transiliac bone biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of renal osteodystrophy (ROD). This procedure is costly, invasive and usually performed with a trephine with an internal diameter of 7.5 mm.

Safety of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration for Pancreatic Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm Before Surgical Resection: A European Multicenter Registry-Based Study on 149 Patients.

Objectives: The results of only a few endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) for pancreatic solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) have been published, and the safety of the procedure has never been investigated. Our study compared the recurrence rate in patients with and without preoperative EUS-FNA.

Methods: This European multicenter registry-based study was conducted in 22 digestive units, and retrospectively included all patients who underwent complete resection of a pancreatic SPN from 2000 to 2018.

Diagnosis and outcome of acute respiratory failure in immunocompromised patients after bronchoscopy.

Objective: We wished to explore the use, diagnostic capability and outcomes of bronchoscopy added to noninvasive testing in immunocompromised patients. In this setting, an inability to identify the cause of acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure is associated with worse outcome. Every effort should be made to obtain a diagnosis, either with noninvasive testing alone or combined with bronchoscopy.

Potential impact of bifrontal transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) on the semantic Stroop effect and its resting-state EEG correlates.

Objective: The Stroop effect performance reflects cognitive resistance to interference. We aimed to investigate the effect of a single transcranial random noise stimulation session (tRNS) applied over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on the semantic Stroop effect and its resting electroencephalography (EEG) correlates (β/α ratio).

Methods: In a randomized, double-blind study, healthy volunteers were allocated to receive either one session of active tRNS (n=8) or one session of sham tRNS (n=11).

Is there uniformity in definitions and treatment of gestational trophoblastic disease in Europe?

Objectives: Because gestational trophoblastic disease is rare, little evidence is available from randomized controlled trials on optimal treatment and follow-up. Treatment protocols vary within Europe, and even between different centers within countries. One of the goals of the European Organization for Treatment of Trophoblastic Diseases (EOTTD) is to harmonize treatment in Europe.

Management and prognostic factors of epithelioid trophoblastic tumors: Results from the International Society for the Study of Trophoblastic Diseases database.

Objective: Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumor (ETT) is an extremely rare form of Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia (GTN). Knowledge on prognostic factors and optimal management is limited. We identified prognostic factors, optimal treatment, and outcome from the world's largest case series of patients with ETT.

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia with brain metastasis at initial presentation: a retrospective study.

Objective: To evaluate the survival and functional outcome of patients with brain metastasis due to gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN).

Methods: A 17-year retrospective study based on case review of women with brain metastasis from GTN identified by the electronic databases held in the French Reference Centre.

Primary Outcome Measure: 5-year overall survival calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method.

Management After Percutaneous Cholecystostomy: What Should We do With the Catheter?

Background: Percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) is an alternative to cholecystectomy for acute calculous cholecystitis (ACC) in patients with high mortality risk, but the catheters' and patients' management remains unclear. This study aimed to determine outcomes after PC and to define surgical strategy.

Methods: All patients who underwent PC between 2009 and 2014 for ACC in a single institution were reviewed for outcomes and postdrainage management.

First-line hysterectomy for women with low-risk non-metastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasia no longer wishing to conceive.

Background: Low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) patients (FIGO score ≤6) are generally treated with single agent chemotherapy (methotrexate or dactinomycin) resulting in a 5-year mortality rate of 0.3%. However, despite these encouraging survival rates, chemotherapy is associated with significant adverse events in most patients.

Efficacy and Safety of Second-Line 5-Day Dactinomycin in Case of Methotrexate Failure for Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients treated for gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) with second-line 5-day dactinomycin after failed first-line 8-day methotrexate.

Methods: From 1999 to 2017, patients with methotrexate resistant GTN treated with second line dactinomycin were identified at the French Trophoblastic Disease Reference Center. Using univariate and multivariate analysis, we identified significant predictive factors of second line dactinomycin failure.

Predictive factors of outcome in poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas.

Background: The prognosis of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas (PDTC) is heterogeneous though generally poor. The objectives of this study were to identify clinical and molecular factors of poor prognosis.

Methods: One hundred four consecutive patients treated for a PDTC between 01/01/2000 and 31/12/2010 were included in this study.

Impact of antithymocyte globulin doses in reduced intensity conditioning before allogeneic transplantation from matched sibling donor for patients with acute myeloid leukemia: a report from the acute leukemia working party of European group of Bone Marrow Transplantation.

Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) is commonly used for graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis in unrelated donor allogeneic transplantation (Allo-HSCT). However, its use is still controversial in matched sibling donor (MSD) Allo-HSCT, notably after reduced intensity conditioning (RIC).

When does atopic dermatitis warrant systemic therapy? Recommendations from an expert panel of the International Eczema Council.

Background: Although most patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) are effectively managed with topical medication, a significant minority require systemic therapy. Guidelines for decision making about advancement to systemic therapy are lacking.

Objective: To guide those considering use of systemic therapy in AD and provide a framework for evaluation before making this therapeutic decision with the patient.

Impact of cytogenetic abnormalities in adults with Ph-negative B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Multiple cytogenetic subgroups have been described in adult Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-negative B-cell precursor (BCP) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), often comprising small numbers of patients. In this study, we aimed to reassess the prognostic value of cytogenetic abnormalities in a large series of 617 adult patients with Ph-negative BCP-ALL (median age, 38 years), treated in the intensified Group for Research on Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (GRAALL)-2003/2005 trials. Combined data from karyotype, DNA index, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction screening for relevant abnormalities were centrally reviewed and were informative in 542 cases (88%), allowing classification in 10 exclusive primary cytogenetic subgroups and in secondary subgroups, including complex and monosomal karyotypes.

Adenoma detection with blue-water infusion colonoscopy: a randomized trial.

Unlabelled:  Colonoscopy is currently the reference method to detect colorectal neoplasia, yet some adenomas remain undetected. The water infusion technique and dying with indigo carmine has shown interesting results for reducing this miss rate. The aim of this study was to compare the adenoma detection rate (adenoma and adenocarcinoma; ADR) and the mean number of adenomas per patient (MAP) for blue-water infusion colonoscopy (BWIC) versus standard colonoscopy.

Contribution of Syncytins and Other Endogenous Retroviral Envelopes to Human Placenta Pathologies.

Fusion, proliferation, angiogenesis, immune tolerance, and tissue survival are some of the critical functions involved in the physiological and pathological processes of placenta development. Strikingly, some of these properties are shared by envelope glycoproteins of retroviruses. Part of the overall retroviral world, the human retroviral heritage consists of hundred thousands of elements representing a huge amount of genetic material as compared to our 25,000 genes, whereas only a few tenths of retroviral loci still contain envelope genes exhibiting large open reading frames.

PD-L1 Expression in Premalignant and Malignant Trophoblasts From Gestational Trophoblastic Diseases Is Ubiquitous and Independent of Clinical Outcomes.

Objective: Recently reported expression of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) in gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTDs) suggests that the immune tolerance of pregnancy might be hijacked during neoplastic process. We assessed PD-L1 protein expression in premalignant and malignant GTD lesions and analyzed associations with disease severity and chemotherapy outcomes.

Methods: We included 83 GTD whole-tissue sections from 76 patients in different treatment settings.