Evaluating the roles of food matrix, lipid micronutrients and bioactives in controlling postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia and inflammation.

Lipids play an important role in human nutrition. Although adequate lipid consumption is necessary for an optimal functioning of the human body, overconsumption of saturated fatty acids can lead to postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia, which triggers the development of atherosclerosis. Important parameters that impact postprandial lipaemia and inflammation are related to the matrix structure and the fat-soluble micronutrient profile of ingested foods/lipids, but the specific effect of these parameters should be further studied, as most of the available studies evaluate their effect at fasting state.

Investigating transmission patterns among preterm neonates during an outbreak of necrotizing enterocolitis related to Clostridium butyricum using whole-genome sequencing.

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis is the most severe life-threatening acquired gastrointestinal disorder among preterm neonates. We describe here an outbreak of Clostridium butyricum-related necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates that occurred in three different neonatal centres, in southeast France.

Methods: We defined a confirmed case of C.

The Wolfram-like variant WFS1 destabilizes MAM and compromises autophagy and mitophagy in human and mice.

Dominant variants in (wolframin ER transmembrane glycoprotein), the gene coding for a mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane (MAM) resident protein, have been associated with Wolfram-like syndrome (WLS). and , WFS1 loss results in reduced ER to mitochondria calcium (Ca) transfer, mitochondrial dysfunction, and enhanced macroautophagy/autophagy and mitophagy. However, in the WLS pathological context, whether the mutant protein triggers the same cellular processes is unknown.

Identification of circulating apolipoprotein M as a new determinant of insulin sensitivity and relationship with adiponectin.

Background: The adiponectin is one of the rare adipokines down-regulated with obesity and protects against obesity-related disorders. Similarly, the apolipoprotein M (apoM) is expressed in adipocytes and its expression in adipose tissue is associated with metabolic health. We compared circulating apoM with adiponectin regarding their relationship with metabolic parameters and insulin sensitivity and examined their gene expression patterns in adipocytes and in the adipose tissue.

Imbalance of TH17/TREG cells in Tunisian patients with systemic sclerosis.

Fibrosis is a pathological manifestation in which connective tissue replaces normal one. It can affect many tissues from the skin to internal organs such as the lungs. Manifestations of pulmonary involvement can be pulmonary arterial hypertension or pulmonary fibrosis.

Prognostic models for short-term annual risk of severe complications and mortality in patients living with type 2 diabetes using a national medical claim database.

Objective: Prognostic models in patients living with diabetes allow physicians to estimate individual risk based on medical records and biological results. Clinical risk factors are not always all available to evaluate these models so that they may be complemented with models from claims databases. The objective of this study was to develop, validate and compare models predicting the annual risk of severe complications and mortality in patients living with type 2 diabetes (T2D) from a national claims data.

Evaluation of lipoprotein(a) in the prevention and management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: A survey among the Lipid Clinics Network.

Background And Aims: The European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) Lipid Clinics Network promoted a survey in order to identify and understand how and when lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is tested and clinically evaluated in lipid clinics throughout Europe, and the challenges that may prevent evaluation from being carried out.

Methods: This survey was divided into three areas of inquiry: background and clinical setting information of clinicians, questions for doctors who claimed not to measure Lp(a), in order to understand what were the reasons for not ordering the test, and questions for doctors who measure Lp(a), to investigate the use of this value in the management of patients.

Results: A total of 151 centres clinicians filled in the survey, out of 226 invited.

Effectiveness of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass vs Sleeve Gastrectomy on Lipid Levels in Type 2 Diabetes: a Meta-analysis.

Introduction: Obesity and its co-morbidities, including type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and dyslipidemia, are accompanied by excess cardiovascular morbi-mortality. Aside from excess low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), atherogenic dyslipidemia (AD), mainly characterized by elevated triglycerides and decreased high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, is often present in T2DM obese patients. Bariatric surgery, such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG), has become a reference treatment in that population.

Bariatric Surgery Improves the Atherogenic Profile of Circulating Methylarginines in Obese Patients: Results from a Pilot Study.

Bariatric surgery improves obesity-related comorbidities. Methylarginines are biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk, liver steatosis, and insulin resistance. Here, we aimed to investigate methylarginines in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery and compared them to age- and sex-matched healthy subjects.

Role of growth hormone in hepatic and intestinal triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism.

Background: Elevated plasma concentrations of hepatic- and intestinally-derived triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) are implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Excess of TRL is the driving cause of atherogenic dyslipidemia commonly occurring in insulin-resistant individuals such as patients with obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Interestingly, growth hormone (GH)-deficient individuals display similar atherogenic dyslipidemia, suggesting an important role of GH and GH deficiency in the regulation of TRL metabolism.

SGLT2 inhibitors as potentially helpful drugs in PI3K inhibitor-induced diabetes: a case report.

Background: Hyperglycemia is the most common side-effect of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors that are approved for the treatment of some advanced or metastatic breast cancers. This side-effect is likely due to the central role of PI3K in insulin signalling. Here we report the use of a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor to manage severe hyperglycemia.

Excess body weight is an independent risk factor for severe forms of COVID-19.

Background And Aims: Few studies distinguished the independent role of overweight/obesity or their associated-comorbidities in the evolution towards severe forms of COVID-19. Obesity as a unifying risk factor for severe COVID-19 is an emerging hypothesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether excessive body weight per se, was a risk factor for developing a severe form of COVID-19.

10-Year Comparative Follow-up of Familial versus Multifactorial Chylomicronemia Syndromes.

Context: The relative incidence of acute pancreatitis, ischemic cardiovascular disease, and diabetes in hyperchylomicronemic patients exhibiting familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) or multifactorial chylomicronemia syndrome (MCS) is unknown.

Objective: The objective was to study the occurrence of these events in FCS and MCS patients compared with the general population.

Methods: Twenty-nine FCS and 124 MCS patients, with genetic diagnosis, in 4 lipid clinics were matched with 413 controls.

Phenotypic Differences Between Polygenic and Monogenic Hypobetalipoproteinemia.

Objective: Primary hypobetalipoproteinemia is characterized by LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) concentrations below the fifth percentile. Primary hypobetalipoproteinemia mostly results from heterozygous mutations in the (apolipoprotein B) and genes, and a polygenic origin is hypothesized in the remaining cases. Hypobetalipoproteinemia patients present an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis.

Native versus deglycosylated IgM in anti-MAG neuropathy: Correlation with clinical status - Study of 10 cases.

Background/purpose: In anti-myelin associated glycoprotein (anti-MAG) neuropathies, there is evidence that anti-MAG antibodies are pathogenic but numerous studies report the absence or a weak correlation between the titers of these antibodies and disease course. In this study we assessed the relationships between MAG and glycosylated moieties located on Fc fragment of IgM anti-MAG.

Material And Methods: IgM were extracted from the serum of 8 patients with anti-MAG neuropathy and in 2 patients with anti-MAG antibodies without anti-MAG neuropathy.

Clinical value of automated fibrin generation markers in patients with septic shock: a SepsiCoag ancillary study.

An ancillary analysis to the SepsiCoag multicentric prospective observational study on patients entering an intensive care unit with septic shock evaluated the prognostic potential of fibrin generation markers (FGMs) tested at inclusion in the study, on survival at day 30. After centralization of samples, three automated FGMs were compared: D-dimers (DDi), fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) and fibrin monomers (FM). FM was the single FGM that was significantly higher in non-surviving patients, area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve (AUC ): 0·617, P < 0·0001.

A 1-Year Follow-Up of Post-operative Scars After the Use of a 1210-nm Laser-Assisted Skin Healing (LASH) Technology: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Laser therapies are used prophylactically for excessive scar formation. The Laser-Assisted Skin Healing treatment induces a controlled heat stress that promotes tissue regeneration. This comparative trial is the first to evaluate the performance of a new automated 1210-nm laser system, compatible with all Fitzpatrick scale phototypes.

A Quality Improvement Initiative to Reduce the Need for Mechanical Ventilation in Extremely Low Gestational Age Neonates.

 Limiting early intubation and mechanical ventilation in extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGAN) may decrease neonatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of our study was to demonstrate the feasibility, efficacy, and tolerability of a delivery room respiratory management protocol, including delayed umbilical cord clamping (DUCC) in combination with optimized nCPAP with high PEEP levels and less invasive surfactant administration (LISA).  This cohort quality improvement study analyzed the respiratory and neonatal outcomes of all consecutive infants born between 24 and 26 weeks' gestation before (period 1,  = 40) and after (period 2,  = 52) implementing the new protocol.

Serving transgender people: clinical care considerations and service delivery models in transgender health.

The World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) standards of care for transsexual, transgender, and gender non-conforming people (version 7) represent international normative standards for clinical care for these populations. Standards for optimal individual clinical care are consistent around the world, although the implementation of services for transgender populations will depend on health system infrastructure and sociocultural contexts. Some clinical services for transgender people, including gender-affirming surgery, are best delivered in the context of more specialised facilities; however, the majority of health-care needs can be delivered by a primary care practitioner.

ARA290, a Specific Agonist of Erythropoietin/CD131 Heteroreceptor, Improves Circulating Endothelial Progenitors' Angiogenic Potential and Homing Ability.

Background: Alternate erythropoietin (EPO)-mediated signaling via the EPOR/CD131 heteromeric receptor exerts the tissue-protective actions of EPO in a wide spectrum of injuries, especially ischemic diseases. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells contribute to endothelial repair and post-natal angiogenesis after chronic ischemic injury. This work aims to investigate the effects of ARA290, a specific agonist of EPOR/CD131 complex, on a subpopulation of endothelial progenitor cells named endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) and to characterize its contribution to ECFCs-induced angiogenesis after peripheral ischemia.

Results of a phase II trial of combined chemotherapy for patients with diffuse malignant mesothelioma of the pleura.

Background: Malignant pleural mesothelioma is associated with a poor prognosis because of its resistance to treatment. The authors conducted a Phase II trial in which two drugs (etoposide and 5-fluorouracil) were added to the Cancer and Leukemia Group B cisplatin-mitomycin regimen in an effort to define a more effective chemotherapy.

Methods: Forty-five patients with confirmed Stage II malignant pleural mesothelioma were prospectively enrolled in the study.

Endoscopic ductal drainage may avoid resective surgery in painful chronic pancreatitis without large ductal dilatation.

Conclusion: Endoscopic stenting treatment, in cases of chronic pancreatitis unsuitable for decompressive surgery, appears to be safe and efficient. Perfect anatomical results are only obtained if large stents are used after balloon dilatation.

Background: Decompressive surgery in cases of painful chronic pancreatitis is only feasible if the main pancreatic duct exceeds approx 8 mm over a sufficient length.