Summary of German-Austrian HIV PrEP guideline.

Objectives: HIV Pre-Exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a strategy to reduce HIV transmission in people at risk. Aim of this first German-Austrian PrEP guideline is to provide professional guidance on: when and in whom to use PrEP, recommended laboratory tests before and while on PrEP, selection of drugs, prevention of adverse events as a consequence of missing accompanying medical care, and general handling of PrEP in adults and adolescents.

Methods: Commented summary of of the S2k PrEP consensus guidelines released by the German and Austrian HIV medical societies to highlight the key recommendations of the guidelines.

Consultation on UTUC, Stockholm 2018: aspects of treatment.

Purpose: To provide an overview of treatment modalities for management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).

Methods: In accordance with the standards for a scoping review, data presentation and discussion at the Consultation on UTUC in Stockholm, 6-7 September 2018, consensus was reached on the latest and most important treatment recommendations for UTUC. Using Pubmed, Web of Science, and Embase, publications were selected based on quality, clinical relevance, and level of evidence.

Consultation on UTUC, Stockholm 2018 aspects of risk stratification: long-term results and follow-up.

Purpose: To summarize current knowledge on upper urinary tract carcinoma (UTUC) regarding risk stratification, long-term results, and follow-up.

Methods: A scoping review approach was applied to search literature in Pubmed, Web of Science, and Embase. Consensus was reached through discussions at Consultation on UTUC, September 2018, Stockholm.

A Scientific Perspective of Personalised Gene-Based Dietary Recommendations for Weight Management.

Various studies showed that a "one size fits all" dietary recommendation for weight management is questionable. For this reason, the focus increasingly falls on personalised nutrition. Although there is no precise and uniform definition of personalised nutrition, the inclusion of genetic variants for personalised dietary recommendations is more and more favoured, whereas scientific evidence for gene-based dietary recommendations is rather limited.

Cost-effectiveness and budget effect of pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV-1 prevention in Germany from 2018 to 2058.

BackgroundPre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective HIV prevention strategy for men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM). The high cost of PrEP has until recently been a primary barrier to its use. In 2017, generic PrEP became available, reducing the costs by 90%.

Digital Gaming for Nutritional Education: A Survey on Preferences, Motives, and Needs of Children and Adolescents.

Background: Use of novel information and communication technologies are frequently discussed as promising tools to prevent and treat overweight and obesity in children and adolescents.

Objective: This survey aims to describe the preferences, motives, and needs of children and adolescents regarding nutrition and digital games.

Methods: We conducted a survey in 6 secondary schools in the southern region of Germany using a 43-item questionnaire.

Midostaurin added to chemotherapy and continued single-agent maintenance therapy in acute myeloid leukemia with -ITD.

Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and a internal tandem duplication (ITD) have poor outcomes to current treatment. A phase 2 hypothesis-generating trial was conducted to determine whether the addition of the multitargeted kinase inhibitor midostaurin to intensive chemotherapy followed by allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) and single-agent maintenance therapy of 12 months is feasible and favorably influences event-free survival (EFS) compared with historical controls. Patients 18 to 70 years of age with newly diagnosed AML and centrally confirmed -ITD were eligible: 284 patients were treated, including 198 younger (18-60 years) and 86 older (61-70 years) patients.

Do lifestyle interventions during pregnancy have the potential to reduce long-term postpartum weight retention? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Reducing postpartum weight retention is a promising strategy for addressing the rising prevalence of overweight and obesity in women. This systematic review and meta-analysis explored whether lifestyle interventions during pregnancy have the potential to reduce weight retention at 4 months postpartum and beyond. A search of five electronic databases for randomized controlled trials comparing the effect of weight-related lifestyle interventions beginning in pregnancy on postpartum weight retention to standard prenatal care groups was performed.

Three-dimensional assessment of lower limb alignment: Accuracy and reliability.

Introduction: Three-dimensional (3D) surgical planning and patient-specific implants are becoming increasingly popular in orthopedics and trauma surgery. In contrast to the established and standardized alignment assessment on two-dimensional (2D) long standing radiographs (LSRs) there is neither a standardized nor a validated protocol for the analysis of 3D bone models of the lower limb. This study aimed to create a prerequisite for pre-operative planning.

Assessment of volume preservation performed before or after partial nephrectomy accurately predicts postoperative renal function: Results from a prospective multicenter study.

Purpose: Partial nephrectomy (PN) is standard for small renal masses, improving renal function by preserving renal parenchyma compared with radical nephrectomy. Recent work demonstrated that postoperative surgeon assessment of volume preservation (SAVP) and 3D imaging measurements agree and correlate with postoperative function. We hypothesize preoperative assessment of volume preservation (PAVP) with PN based on preoperative imaging will reliably indicate postoperative renal function.

Religious Values in Clinical Practice are Here to Stay.

Research to date has shown that health professionals often practice according to personal values, including values based on faith, and that these values impact medicine in multiple ways. While some influence of personal values are inevitable, awareness of values is important so as to sustain beneficial practice without conflicting with the values of the patient. Detecting when own personal values, whether based on a theistic or atheistic worldview, are at work, is a daily challenge in clinical practice.

Subtype-specific Optical Action Potential Recordings in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Ventricular Cardiomyocytes.

Cardiomyocytes generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CMs) are an emerging tool in cardiovascular research. Rather than being a homogenous population of cells, the iPSC-CMs generated by current differentiation protocols represent a mixture of cells with ventricular-, atrial-, and nodal-like phenotypes, which complicates phenotypic analyses. Here, a method to optically record action potentials specifically from ventricular-like iPSC-CMs is presented.

Associations Between C-Reactive Protein, Insulin Sensitivity, and Resting Metabolic Rate in Adults: A Mediator Analysis.

Long-term positive energy balance promotes the development of obesity, a main risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). While an association between increased resting metabolic rate (RMR) and insulin sensitivity (IS) was shown previously, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Aim of the mediator analysis was to investigate the role of inflammation within the association between RMR and IS.

Effects of antiretroviral combination therapies F/TAF, E/C/F/TAF and R/F/TAF on insulin resistance in healthy volunteers: the TAF-IR Study.

Background: Increased insulin resistance (IR), associated with specific antiretroviral drugs or drug classes, is an established risk factor for type 2 diabetes in HIV patients, ultimately increasing morbidity and mortality. To date, data on the risk of IR in tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)-based protocols are unavailable.

Methods: This prospective randomized, open-label study evaluated the effects of IR on 30 healthy volunteers receiving fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) of emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (F/TAF), elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (E/C/F/TAF) or rilpivirine/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (R/F/TAF).

Dietary n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids upregulate energy dissipating metabolic pathways conveying anti-obesogenic effects in mice.

Background: We previously reported on the anti-obesogenic and anti-inflammatory effects associated with n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) in our diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model. Two isocaloric high-fat diets (HFDs; 48 kJ% fat), HFD (HF) and n-3 LCPUFA-enriched HFD (HF/n-3), and a control diet (C; 13 kJ% fat) were used. The underlying mechanisms however have largely remained unclear.

Monthly or Weekly Supplementation with Cholecalciferol 20,000 IU in People Living with HIV: Results from a Nested Cohort Study.

Background: There is still considerable uncertainty in handling vitamin D deficiency in people living with HIV (PLWH), due to a lack of comparative data and the wide range of recommended daily intake. Nondaily supplementation might be preferred in many PLWH, but recommendation on dosing has not been established. We aimed to compare the efficacy of weekly versus monthly supplementation with cholecalciferol 20,000 IU in a group of PLWH with vitamin D deficiency in Western Europe.

Features and Trajectories of Eating Behavior in Weight-Loss Maintenance: Results from the German Weight Control Registry.

Objective: Eating behaviors such as dietary restraint and disinhibition caused by emotional and external cues play a relevant role in weight-loss maintenance.

Methods: Four hundred forty individuals with successful weight-loss maintenance included in the prospective German Weight Control Registry completed the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Participants were categorized into the following two weight groups: stable weight trajectory (WS) (n = 280) and unstable weight trajectory (WUS) (n = 160) over the 2-year assessment period.

Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features of children, adolescents, and adults with a clinically isolated syndrome.

Background: The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) both in children and adults is based on clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features according to the McDonald criteria. Little is known about differences in the presentation between pre-pubertal children, adolescents, and adult patients at disease onset.

Objective: To compare (1) the clinical, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and MRI characteristics, and (2) the diagnostic performance of the 2010 McDonald criteria between pre-pubertal, adolescent, and adult patients with a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS).

Associations between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Total Energy, Carbohydrate, and Fat Intakes: A Systematic Review.

A better understanding of the genetic underpinning of total energy, carbohydrate, and fat intake is a prerequisite to develop personalized dietary recommendations. For this purpose, we systematically reviewed associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and total energy, carbohydrate, and fat intakes. Four databases were searched for studies that assessed an association between SNPs and total energy, carbohydrate, and fat intakes.

The role of oral anticoagulants in epistaxis.

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective study was to identify the impact of oral anticoagulants on epistaxis with the focus on new oral anticoagulants.

Methods: The study was conducted at the Department  for Ear- Nose- and Throat (ENT), Head and Neck Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany. All patients presenting in 2014 with the diagnosis of epistaxis to a specialized ENT accident and emergency department were identified and analyzed in clinical data and medication.

Can Nutrition Lower the Risk of Recurrence in Breast Cancer?

Background: The impact of diet on breast cancer prognosis is poorly understood. Therefore, we conducted a literature search summarizing the current evidence on the effect of diet on breast cancer recurrence and mortality.

Methods: The PubMed database was searched for original studies, reviews, and meta-analyses published between 2010 and 2017.

C-Choline Pharmacokinetics in Recurrent Prostate Cancer.

The aim of this study was to investigate the value of pharmacokinetic modeling for quantifying C-choline uptake in patients with recurrent prostate cancer. In total, 194 patients with clinically suspected recurrence of prostate cancer underwent C-choline dynamic PET over the pelvic region (0-8 min), followed by a 6-min static acquisition at about 25 min after injection. Regions of interest were drawn over sites of disease identified by a radiologist with experience in nuclear medicine.

2016 PREP attitudes in Germany: high awareness and acceptance in MSM at risk of HIV.

Prupose: To examine current risk behavior, awareness, experience, and attitudes towards pre-exposure-prophylaxis (PrEP), and to estimate a potential impact on the prevention of HIV transmission among HIV-negative MSM in Germany. PrEP was not officially licensed at the time of survey.

Methods: Web-based questionnaire from 03-06/2016.

Neutralization of IL-17C Reduces Skin Inflammation in Mouse Models of Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis.

IL-17C is a functionally distinct member of the IL-17 family that was believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Here we confirmed that IL-17C is involved in psoriasis and explored potential roles for IL-17C in atopic dermatitis (AD). An anti-IL-17C antibody, MOR106, was generated that potently and selectively binds to human and mouse IL-17C, thereby inhibiting the binding of IL-17C to its IL-17RE receptor.

Prevalence of asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections in HIV-positive men who have sex with men in Germany: results of a multicentre cross-sectional study.

Purpose: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) occur frequently in risk populations. Hereby, the role of screening-programmes remains controversial. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of STI infections in HIV-positive men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM).