Uro-oncology in the era of social distancing: the principles of patient-centered online consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic poses significant challenges to healthcare facilities and as per social distancing measures, many consultations are now being carried out via means of telemedicine. As some urologists may not be skilled with remote consultations, there is a need for recommendations on patient-centered online medical counseling.

Material And Methods: We have identified eight areas of excellence and defined the principles based on our experience.

Considerations for the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists and antagonists in patients with prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in men, representing a major source of morbidity and mortality. Androgen deprivation therapy is the primary treatment for patients with advanced prostate cancer at disease presentation, which can be achieved either with surgical or chemical castration. The development of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists revolutionized the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, replacing the need for surgical castration.

Contact Allergy to Fragrance Mix II and Hydroxyisohexyl 3-Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde: A Retrospective Study by International Contact Dermatitis Research Group.

Background: Fragrance mix II (FM II) is included in the baseline patch test series recommended by the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group (ICDRG). Hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde (HICC) is the most important sensitizer of the 6 fragrance materials included in FM II. Besides being a part of FM II, HICC is also tested separately in the ICDRG baseline series.

Patch Testing With Formaldehyde 2.0% (0.60 mg/cm2) Detects More Contact Allergy to Formaldehyde Than 1.0.

Background: The International Contact Dermatitis Research Group increased the patch test concentration of formaldehyde from 1.0% aqueous (aq) to 2.0% aq (in 2011).

Structured Population-based Prostate-specific Antigen Screening for Prostate Cancer: The European Association of Urology Position in 2019.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the first three causes of cancer mortality in Europe. Screening in asymptomatic men (aged 55-69yr) using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is associated with a migration toward lower staged disease and a reduction in cancer-specific mortality. By 20yr after testing, around 100 men need to be screened to prevent one PCa death.

Ultrasound diagnosis of endometriosis and adenomyosis: State of the art.

Transvaginal ultrasonography has become the primary test in the diagnosis of pelvic endometriosis and adenomyosis. A review of the literature on the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in pelvic endometriosis and adenomyosis, as well as a comparison with magnetic resonance imaging, will be presented. Criteria for diagnosis of an endometrioma according to robust prospective data together with guidelines as to adequate reporting of the location of deep infiltrating endometriosis will be given.

Focal Therapy in Primary Localised Prostate Cancer: The European Association of Urology Position in 2018.

Unlabelled: Radical treatment of localised prostate cancer is recognised to be an unnecessary intervention or overtreatment in many men. Consequently, there has been a rapid uptake in the use of focal ablative therapies. However, there are several biological and practical concerns about such approaches as they have yet to be proved as robust treatment options.

Allergic contact dermatitis caused by nail acrylates in Europe. An EECDRG study.

Background: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by nail acrylates, also including methacrylates and cyanoacrylates here, is being increasingly reported.

Methods: A retrospective study in 11 European Environmental Contact Dermatitis Research Group (EECDRG) clinics collected information on cases of ACD caused by nail acrylates diagnosed by aimed testing between 2013 and 2015.

Results: Among 18 228 studied patients, 136 had ACD caused by nail acrylates (0.

Exploratory Subgroup Analyses of Renal Function and Overall Survival in European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer randomized trial of Nephron-sparing Surgery Versus Radical Nephrectomy.

Background: In the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) randomized trial 30904, nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) reduced the risk of renal dysfunction compared with radical nephrectomy (RN); however, overall survival was better in the RN arm.

Objective: To determine whether treatment effect on the risk of renal dysfunction and all-cause mortality differed in magnitude across levels of baseline variables.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was an exploratory subgroup analysis of EORTC 30904, a phase 3 randomized trial conducted in patients with a small (≤5cm) renal mass and normal contralateral kidney.

Multicenter Patch Testing With Methylchloroisothizoline/Methylisothiazolinone in 100 and 200 ppm Within the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group.

Background: The preservative methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) is a well-known contact sensitizer. Historically, there have been different opinions on the optimal patch test concentration of MCI/MI, and both 0.01% and 0.

Multicenter Patch Testing With Methylisothiazolinone and Methylchloroisothiazolinone/Methylisothiazolinone Within the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group.

Background: The preservatives methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) and MI are well-known contact sensitizers. Recently, an increase in the contact allergy frequency for MI 0.2% aqueous (aq) has been seen in many European countries paralleled with an increase in MCI/MI allergy.

Guidelines for the presentation of contact allergy case reports.

Case reports constitute a classic publication format that is being increasingly appreciated, for example because of its educational value. In the field of contact dermatitis research, case reports often serve as sentinel publications concerning new allergens, or new exposures to known allergens, or regarding other conditions leading to contact dermatitis. The CARE guideline published in 2013 addresses standardized and complete reporting of case reports in all fields of medicine.

European Society of Contact Dermatitis guideline for diagnostic patch testing - recommendations on best practice.

The present guideline summarizes all aspects of patch testing for the diagnosis of contact allergy in patients suspected of suffering, or having been suffering, from allergic contact dermatitis or other delayed-type hypersensitivity skin and mucosal conditions. Sections with brief descriptions and discussions of different pertinent topics are followed by a highlighted short practical recommendation. Topics comprise, after an introduction with important definitions, materials, technique, modifications of epicutaneous testing, individual factors influencing the patch test outcome or necessitating special considerations, children, patients with occupational contact dermatitis and drug eruptions as special groups, patch testing of materials brought in by the patient, adverse effects of patch testing, and the final evaluation and patient counselling based on this judgement.

Patch testing to a textile dye mix by the international contact dermatitis research group.

Background: Disperse dyes are well-known contact sensitizers not included in the majority of commercially available baseline series.

Objective: To investigate the outcome of patch testing to a textile dye mix (TDM) consisting of 8 disperse dyes.

Methods: Two thousand four hundred ninety-three consecutive dermatitis patients in 9 dermatology clinics were patch tested with a TDM 6.

Renal function after nephron-sparing surgery versus radical nephrectomy: results from EORTC randomized trial 30904.

Background: In the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) randomized trial 30904, nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) was associated with reduced overall survival compared with radical nephrectomy (RN) over a median follow-up of 9.3 yr (hazard ratio: 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.

The role of radical prostatectomy and lymph node dissection in lymph node-positive prostate cancer: a systematic review of the literature.

Context: Because pelvic lymph node (LN)-positive prostate cancer (PCa) is generally considered a regionally metastatic disease, surgery needs to be better defined.

Objective: To review the impact of radical prostatectomy (RP) and pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND), possibly in conjunction with a multimodal approach using local radiotherapy and/or androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), in LN-positive PCa.

Evidence Acquisition: A systematic Medline search for studies reporting on treatment regimens and outcomes in patients with LN-positive PCa undergoing RP between 1993 and 2012 was performed.

MR imaging in inflicted brain injury.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging should be part of the routine workup in suspected inflicted brain injury. The inclusion of diffusion-weighted MR imaging is essential for assessment of acute hypoxic-ischemic brain injury because of its sensitivity to delineate the extent of the lesions and because of its prognostic significance. MR imaging may offer additional help in dating the intracranial hemorrhages, but a precise timing is often difficult if not impossible.

Ductal plates in hepatic ductular reactions. Hypothesis and implications. III. Implications for liver pathology.

This article discusses on the basis of the ductal plate hypothesis the implication of the concept for several liver abnormalities. The occurrence of ductal plates (DP) during liver growth in childhood would explain the paraportal and parenchymal localizations of von Meyenburg complexes in postnatally developed parts of the liver, and their higher incidence in adulthood versus childhood. It partly clarifies the lack of postnatal intrahepatic bile duct development in Alagille syndrome and the reduced number of portal tracts in this disease.

Ductal plates in hepatic ductular reactions. Hypothesis and implications. II. Ontogenic liver growth in childhood.

This article discusses the processes of bile duct growth and new lobule formation in the liver during childhood in the light of the ductal plate (DP) hypothesis. Unlike in other organs in which tubular elongation and branching ends with the creation of the organ-specific terminal differentiation products, in the liver a steadily enlarging parenchymal mass needs to establish continuity of its canalicular network with the existing bile duct system. The hypothesis suggests that this occurs by DP formation, like in the embryonic liver, and further assumes that pathological ductular reactions (DRs) induced by cholestasis or hypoxia are amplified equivalents of similar mechanisms operating at low level during liver growth.

Ductal plates in hepatic ductular reactions. Hypothesis and implications. I. Types of ductular reaction reconsidered.

This article focuses on the observation that most hepatic ductular reactions (DRs) have ductal plate (DP)-like patterns. Considering old and recent data, it hypothesizes that in DR, dedifferentiation of hepatocytes in ductular metaplasia may lead to the de novo development of liver stem/progenitor cells (LPCs). The three recognized types of DR are reconsidered, and an additional fourth type, DR type 2B, is added.

Conventional MRI of epilepsy in children.

The imaging findings in childhood epilepsy are different from the findings in adults. The present article describes the major features of symptomatic epilepsy syndromes and stresses the sometimes typical abnormalities.

Paediatric neuroradiological aspects of Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis, previously known as histiocytosis X, is a complex disease consisting of three entities that are all characterized by a proliferation of the Langerhans cell. The clinical course is variable and ranges from a solitary lytic bone or skin lesion with complete remission to a multisystem disorder with possible lethal outcome. The clinical suspicion can be increased based on radiological findings that are important criteria in defining the extent of the disease involvement.